Artificial Intelligence: Risks to Privacy and Democracy
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Deepfakes and Cheap Fakes
DEEPFAKES AND CHEAP FAKES THE MANIPULATION OF AUDIO AND VISUAL EVIDENCE Britt Paris Joan Donovan DEEPFAKES AND CHEAP FAKES - 1 - CONTENTS 02 Executive Summary 05 Introduction 10 Cheap Fakes/Deepfakes: A Spectrum 17 The Politics of Evidence 23 Cheap Fakes on Social Media 25 Photoshopping 27 Lookalikes 28 Recontextualizing 30 Speeding and Slowing 33 Deepfakes Present and Future 35 Virtual Performances 35 Face Swapping 38 Lip-synching and Voice Synthesis 40 Conclusion 47 Acknowledgments Author: Britt Paris, assistant professor of Library and Information Science, Rutgers University; PhD, 2018,Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles. Author: Joan Donovan, director of the Technology and Social Change Research Project, Harvard Kennedy School; PhD, 2015, Sociology and Science Studies, University of California San Diego. This report is published under Data & Society’s Media Manipulation research initiative; for more information on the initiative, including focus areas, researchers, and funders, please visit https://datasociety.net/research/ media-manipulation DATA & SOCIETY - 2 - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Do deepfakes signal an information apocalypse? Are they the end of evidence as we know it? The answers to these questions require us to understand what is truly new about contemporary AV manipulation and what is simply an old struggle for power in a new guise. The first widely-known examples of amateur, AI-manipulated, face swap videos appeared in November 2017. Since then, the news media, and therefore the general public, have begun to use the term “deepfakes” to refer to this larger genre of videos—videos that use some form of deep or machine learning to hybridize or generate human bodies and faces. -
Digital Platform As a Double-Edged Sword: How to Interpret Cultural Flows in the Platform Era
International Journal of Communication 11(2017), 3880–3898 1932–8036/20170005 Digital Platform as a Double-Edged Sword: How to Interpret Cultural Flows in the Platform Era DAL YONG JIN Simon Fraser University, Canada This article critically examines the main characteristics of cultural flows in the era of digital platforms. By focusing on the increasing role of digital platforms during the Korean Wave (referring to the rapid growth of local popular culture and its global penetration starting in the late 1990s), it first analyzes whether digital platforms as new outlets for popular culture have changed traditional notions of cultural flows—the forms of the export and import of popular culture mainly from Western countries to non-Western countries. Second, it maps out whether platform-driven cultural flows have resolved existing global imbalances in cultural flows. Third, it analyzes whether digital platforms themselves have intensified disparities between Western and non- Western countries. In other words, it interprets whether digital platforms have deepened asymmetrical power relations between a few Western countries (in particular, the United States) and non-Western countries. Keywords: digital platforms, cultural flows, globalization, social media, asymmetrical power relations Cultural flows have been some of the most significant issues in globalization and media studies since the early 20th century. From television programs to films, and from popular music to video games, cultural flows as a form of the export and import of cultural materials have been increasing. Global fans of popular culture used to enjoy films, television programs, and music by either purchasing DVDs and CDs or watching them on traditional media, including television and on the big screen. -
In the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware Karen Sbriglio, Firemen’S ) Retirement System of St
EFiled: Aug 06 2021 03:34PM EDT Transaction ID 66784692 Case No. 2018-0307-JRS IN THE COURT OF CHANCERY OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE KAREN SBRIGLIO, FIREMEN’S ) RETIREMENT SYSTEM OF ST. ) LOUIS, CALIFORNIA STATE ) TEACHERS’ RETIREMENT SYSTEM, ) CONSTRUCTION AND GENERAL ) BUILDING LABORERS’ LOCAL NO. ) 79 GENERAL FUND, CITY OF ) BIRMINGHAM RETIREMENT AND ) RELIEF SYSTEM, and LIDIA LEVY, derivatively on behalf of Nominal ) C.A. No. 2018-0307-JRS Defendant FACEBOOK, INC., ) ) Plaintiffs, ) PUBLIC INSPECTION VERSION ) FILED AUGUST 6, 2021 v. ) ) MARK ZUCKERBERG, SHERYL SANDBERG, PEGGY ALFORD, ) ) MARC ANDREESSEN, KENNETH CHENAULT, PETER THIEL, JEFFREY ) ZIENTS, ERSKINE BOWLES, SUSAN ) DESMOND-HELLMANN, REED ) HASTINGS, JAN KOUM, ) KONSTANTINOS PAPAMILTIADIS, ) DAVID FISCHER, MICHAEL ) SCHROEPFER, and DAVID WEHNER ) ) Defendants, ) -and- ) ) FACEBOOK, INC., ) ) Nominal Defendant. ) SECOND AMENDED VERIFIED STOCKHOLDER DERIVATIVE COMPLAINT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page(s) I. SUMMARY OF THE ACTION...................................................................... 5 II. JURISDICTION AND VENUE ....................................................................19 III. PARTIES .......................................................................................................20 A. Plaintiffs ..............................................................................................20 B. Director Defendants ............................................................................26 C. Officer Defendants ..............................................................................28 -
ASD-Covert-Foreign-Money.Pdf
overt C Foreign Covert Money Financial loopholes exploited by AUGUST 2020 authoritarians to fund political interference in democracies AUTHORS: Josh Rudolph and Thomas Morley © 2020 The Alliance for Securing Democracy Please direct inquiries to The Alliance for Securing Democracy at The German Marshall Fund of the United States 1700 18th Street, NW Washington, DC 20009 T 1 202 683 2650 E [email protected] This publication can be downloaded for free at https://securingdemocracy.gmfus.org/covert-foreign-money/. The views expressed in GMF publications and commentary are the views of the authors alone. Cover and map design: Kenny Nguyen Formatting design: Rachael Worthington Alliance for Securing Democracy The Alliance for Securing Democracy (ASD), a bipartisan initiative housed at the German Marshall Fund of the United States, develops comprehensive strategies to deter, defend against, and raise the costs on authoritarian efforts to undermine and interfere in democratic institutions. ASD brings together experts on disinformation, malign finance, emerging technologies, elections integrity, economic coercion, and cybersecurity, as well as regional experts, to collaborate across traditional stovepipes and develop cross-cutting frame- works. Authors Josh Rudolph Fellow for Malign Finance Thomas Morley Research Assistant Contents Executive Summary �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 Introduction and Methodology �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� -
Deepfakes and Cheap Fakes
DEEPFAKES AND CHEAP FAKES THE MANIPULATION OF AUDIO AND VISUAL EVIDENCE Britt Paris Joan Donovan DEEPFAKES AND CHEAP FAKES - 1 - CONTENTS 02 Executive Summary 05 Introduction 10 Cheap Fakes/Deepfakes: A Spectrum 17 The Politics of Evidence 23 Cheap Fakes on Social Media 25 Photoshopping 27 Lookalikes 28 Recontextualizing 30 Speeding and Slowing 33 Deepfakes Present and Future 35 Virtual Performances 35 Face Swapping 38 Lip-synching and Voice Synthesis 40 Conclusion 47 Acknowledgments Author: Britt Paris, assistant professor of Library and Information Science, Rutgers University; PhD, 2018,Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles. Author: Joan Donovan, director of the Technology and Social Change Research Project, Harvard Kennedy School; PhD, 2015, Sociology and Science Studies, University of California San Diego. This report is published under Data & Society’s Media Manipulation research initiative; for more information on the initiative, including focus areas, researchers, and funders, please visit https://datasociety.net/research/ media-manipulation DATA & SOCIETY - 2 - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Do deepfakes signal an information apocalypse? Are they the end of evidence as we know it? The answers to these questions require us to understand what is truly new about contemporary AV manipulation and what is simply an old struggle for power in a new guise. The first widely-known examples of amateur, AI-manipulated, face swap videos appeared in November 2017. Since then, the news media, and therefore the general public, have begun to use the term “deepfakes” to refer to this larger genre of videos—videos that use some form of deep or machine learning to hybridize or generate human bodies and faces. -
Estimating Age and Gender in Instagram Using Face Recognition: Advantages, Bias and Issues. / Diego Couto De Las Casas
ESTIMATING AGE AND GENDER IN INSTAGRAM USING FACE RECOGNITION: ADVANTAGES, BIAS AND ISSUES. DIEGO COUTO DE. LAS CASAS ESTIMATING AGE AND GENDER IN INSTAGRAM USING FACE RECOGNITION: ADVANTAGES, BIAS AND ISSUES. Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação do Instituto de Ciências Exatas da Univer- sidade Federal de Minas Gerais – Depar- tamento de Ciência da Computação como requisito parcial para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciência da Computação. Orientador: Virgílio Augusto Fernandes de Almeida Belo Horizonte Fevereiro de 2016 DIEGO COUTO DE. LAS CASAS ESTIMATING AGE AND GENDER IN INSTAGRAM USING FACE RECOGNITION: ADVANTAGES, BIAS AND ISSUES. Dissertation presented to the Graduate Program in Ciência da Computação of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – De- partamento de Ciência da Computação in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Ciência da Com- putação. Advisor: Virgílio Augusto Fernandes de Almeida Belo Horizonte February 2016 © 2016, Diego Couto de Las Casas. Todos os direitos reservados Ficha catalográfica elaborada pela Biblioteca do ICEx - UFMG Las Casas, Diego Couto de. L337e Estimating age and gender in Instagram using face recognition: advantages, bias and issues. / Diego Couto de Las Casas. – Belo Horizonte, 2016. xx, 80 f. : il.; 29 cm. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais – Departamento de Ciência da Computação. Orientador: Virgílio Augusto Fernandes de Almeida. 1. Computação - Teses. 2. Redes sociais on-line. 3. Computação social. 4. Instagram. I. Orientador. II. Título. CDU 519.6*04(043) Acknowledgments Gostaria de agradecer a todos que me fizeram chegar até aqui. Àminhafamília,pelosconselhos,pitacoseportodoosuporteaolongodesses anos. Aos meus colegas do CAMPS(-Élysées),pelascolaborações,pelasrisadasepelo companheirismo. -
Cairncross Review a Sustainable Future for Journalism
THE CAIRNCROSS REVIEW A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR JOURNALISM 12 TH FEBRUARY 2019 Contents Executive Summary 5 Chapter 1 – Why should we care about the future of journalism? 14 Introduction 14 1.1 What kinds of journalism matter most? 16 1.2 The wider landscape of news provision 17 1.3 Investigative journalism 18 1.4 Reporting on democracy 21 Chapter 2 – The changing market for news 24 Introduction 24 2.1 Readers have moved online, and print has declined 25 2.2 Online news distribution has changed the ways people consume news 27 2.3 What could be done? 34 Chapter 3 – News publishers’ response to the shift online and falling revenues 39 Introduction 39 3.1 The pursuit of digital advertising revenue 40 Case Study: A Contemporary Newsroom 43 3.2 Direct payment by consumers 48 3.3 What could be done 53 Chapter 4 – The role of the online platforms in the markets for news and advertising 57 Introduction 57 4.1 The online advertising market 58 4.2 The distribution of news publishers’ content online 65 4.3 What could be done? 72 Cairncross Review | 2 Chapter 5 – A future for public interest news 76 5.1 The digital transition has undermined the provision of public-interest journalism 77 5.2 What are publishers already doing to sustain the provision of public-interest news? 78 5.3 The challenges to public-interest journalism are most acute at the local level 79 5.4 What could be done? 82 Conclusion 88 Chapter 6 – What should be done? 90 Endnotes 103 Appendix A: Terms of Reference 114 Appendix B: Advisory Panel 116 Appendix C: Review Methodology 120 Appendix D: List of organisations met during the Review 121 Appendix E: Review Glossary 123 Appendix F: Summary of the Call for Evidence 128 Introduction 128 Appendix G: Acknowledgements 157 Cairncross Review | 3 Executive Summary Executive Summary “The full importance of an epoch-making idea is But the evidence also showed the difficulties with often not perceived in the generation in which it recommending general measures to support is made.. -
Fake News and Misinformation Policy Lab Practicum (Spring 2017)
ST ANFORD Fake News & Misinformation Policy Practicum 2017 PRACTICUM RESEARCFacebookH TEAM: Research Team Jacob Finkel, JD ’19, Steven Jiang,Mufan BS ’17, Luo, PhD ‘22 Mufan Luo, PhD ’22, Rebecca Mears, JD/MPP ’19, Danaë Metaxa-Kakavouli, PhD ’20Camille, Peeples, JD ‘18 Camille Peeples, JD ’18, BrendanArjun Sasso, Shenoy,JD ’19, JD ‘19 Arjun Shenoy, JD ’19, Vincent Sheu, JD/MS ’18 , Nicolás Torres-Echeverry, JSM ’17 Google Research Team INSTRUCTOR AND PROJECTDanaë LEAD MetaxaS: -Kakavouli, PhD ‘20 Nicolás Torres-Echeverry, JSM ‘17 SENATOR RUSS FEINGOLD Edwin A. Heafey, Jr., Visiting Professor of Law Luciana Herman, Ph.D. Twitter Research Team Lecturer in Law Program Director, Law and Policy LabJacob Finkel, JD ‘19 Steven Jiang, BS ‘17 Ashwin Aravind, JD ‘18 Teaching Assistant Rebecca Mears, JD/MPP ‘19 Katie Joseff, MA ‘19 Research Assistant Reddit Research Team October POLICY CLIENT: Brendan Sasso, JD ‘19 Hewlett Foundation MadisonVincent Initiative Sheu, JD/MS ’18 2017 1 Acknowledgements This report reflects the research and analysis of an inter-disciplinary law and graduate student team enrolled in the Stanford Law School Fake News and Misinformation Policy Lab Practicum (Spring 2017). Under the guidance of instructor Senator Russ Feingold, the Edwin A. Heafey Visiting Professor of Law, the practicum surveyed the roles of four major online platforms in the spread of fake news beginning with the 2016 U.S. election. Assisting Senator Feingold in the practicum were Policy Lab Program Director and Lecturer Luciana Herman, Ph.D., and Teaching Assistant Ashwin Aravind, J.D. ’18. Brendan Sasso, J.D. ’19, served as the exceptional lead student editor for the report. -
Media Imperialism Continuity and Change
DOWNLOAD CSS Notes, Books, MCQs, Magazines www.thecsspoint.com Download CSS Notes Download CSS Books Download CSS Magazines Download CSS MCQs Download CSS Past Papers The CSS Point, Pakistan’s The Best Online FREE Web source for All CSS Aspirants. Email: [email protected] BUY CSS / PMS / NTS & GENERAL KNOWLEDGE BOOKS ONLINE CASH ON DELIVERY ALL OVER PAKISTAN Visit Now: WWW.CSSBOOKS.NET For Oder & Inquiry Call/SMS/WhatsApp 0333 6042057 – 0726 540141 WWW.NOKRIWALA.NET CSS Solved Compulsory MCQs From 2000 to 2020 Latest & Updated Order Now Call/SMS 03336042057 - 0726540141 MEDIA IMPERIALISM CONTINUITY AND CHANGE Edited by OLIVER BOYD-BARRETT Bowling Green State University TANNER MIRRLEES University of Ontario Institute of Technology ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD Lanham • Boulder • New York • London 19_0411-Boyd_Barrett.indb 1 6/25/19 6:35 AM Executive Editor: Elizabeth Swayze Editorial Assistant: Megan Manzano Senior Marketing Manager: Kim Lyons Credits and acknowledgments for material borrowed from other sources, and reproduced with permission, appear on the appropriate page within the text. Published by Rowman & Littlefield An imprint of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.rowman.com 6 Tinworth Street, London SE11 5AL, United Kingdom Copyright © 2020 by The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Available ISBN 9781538121542 (cloth : alk. -
Commanding the Trend: Social Media As Information Warfare
Commanding the Trend: Social Media as Information Warfare Lt Col Jarred Prier, USAF Abstract This article demonstrates how social media is a tool for modern information-age warfare. It builds on analysis of three distinct topics: social networking, propaganda, and news and information sharing. Two case studies are used to show how state and nonstate actors use social media to employ time-tested propaganda techniques to yield far-reaching results. The spread of the propaganda message is accomplished by tap- ping into an existing narrative, then amplifying that message with a network of automatic “bot” accounts to force the social media platform algorithm to recognize that message as a trending topic. The first case study analyzes Islamic State (IS) as a nonstate actor, while the second case observes Russia as a state actor, with each providing evidence of suc- cessful influence operations using social media. Coercion and persuasion will continue to be decisive factors in information warfare as more countries attempt to build influence operations on social media. ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ ✵ For years, analysts in the defense and intelligence communities have warned lawmakers and the American public of the risks of a cyber Pearl Harbor. The fear of a widespread cyber-based attack loomed over the country following intrusions against Yahoo! email accounts in 2012, Sony Studios in 2014, and even the United States government Office of Personnel Management (OPM) in 2015. The average American likely did not understand exactly how, or for what purposes, US adversaries Lt Col Jarred Prier, USAF, currently serves as director of operations for the 20th Bomb Squadron. -
Political Pamphlet: the State of the Media
Annual 2018 Political Pamphlet: The State Of The Media #bylinepoliticalpamphlet Edited by Bethany Usher Contents Introduction: The State of the Media 1. “THE STATE OF THE MEDIA: WHY BYLINE MATTERS AND WHERE THE FESTIVAL GOES NEXT.” Peter Jukes and Stephen Colegrave – Byline Festival. “THE STATE OF THE MEDIA: A POLITICAL PAMPHLET FOR THE 21ST CENTURY”. Dr Bethany Usher - Newcastle University. One: Celebrity, Media and Power 2. “THERE IS NO HOPE – THERE NEVER WAS.” John Cleese on the British press, politics and celebrity muckraking. 3. “BETWEEN FAKE NEWS AND PROPAGANDA, IT IS HARD TO KNOW WHO TO TRUST.” Gary Lineker discusses being a celebrity with opinions and how we can improve the health of public debate. 4. “I ONCE DEVELOPED A BIT OF A CRUSH ON BORIS JOHNSON. NOW I’M DESPERATE FOR JEREMY CORBYN’S ATTENTION.” Alexei Sayle considers the dangers of charismatic politicians and their influence on news agendas. Two: Brexit, Trump, Russia and the Great Data Swindle. 5. “I CALL IT THE TOP GEAR AESTHETIC. THEY THINK OF THE WHOLE THING AS LADDISH BANTER.” The Guardian’s Carole Cadwalladr discusses the Bad Boys of Brexit 6. “I WAS TOLD TO FOLLOW THE SEX AND FOLLOW THE MONEY.” Former Guardian Russia Correspondent Luke Harding talks Trump’s ties with Russia and his own brushes with the KGB. 7. “WE ARE REAPING WHAT WE SOWED AS A SOCIETY.” American journalists Sarah Kendzior and Eileen De Freest lead a range of voices discussing Donald Trump and what his election means for democracy. 8. “BYLINE TALKS CAMBRIDGE ANALYTICA, RUSSIAN BOTS AND THE GREAT SILICON VALLEY SWINDLE.” With a leading discussion from Damian Collins MP, chair of the Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Committee, key names in the debate around the dangers of tech companies consider whether Silicon Valley is a danger to democracy. -
“Project Censored's List of the Top Stories That Get Very Little
“Project Censored’s list of the top stories that get very little mainstream me- dia traction should in fact drive the reporting agendas of every major news outlet. These 25 stories are clearly the most consequential of the year, and what is scary in looking at the list is how obvious it is that silencing reports of these themes protects corrupt governments and corporate gatekeepers. Project Censored is a lifeline to the world’s most urgent and significant stories.” —Naomi Wolf, author of the bestselling books The Beauty Myth; The End of America; and Give Me Liberty “The systematic exposure of censored stories by Project Censored has been an important contribution.” —Howard Zinn, author of A People’s History of the United States “Project Censored . has evolved into a deep, wide, and utterly engross- ing exercise to unmask censorship, self-censorship, and propaganda in the mass media.” —Ralph Nader, consumer advocate, lawyer, author “[Project Censored] is a clarion call for truth telling.”—Daniel Ellsberg, The Pentagon Papers “[Project Censored] shows how the American public has been bamboozled, snookered, and dumbed down by the corporate media. It is chock-full of ‘ah- ha’ moments where we understand just how we’ve been fleeced by bank- sters, stripped of our civil liberties, and blindly led down a path of never- ending war.” —Medea Benjamin, author of Drone Warfare, and cofounder of Global Exchange and CODEPINK “Project Censored . not only shines a penetrating light on the American Empire and all its deadly, destructive, and deceitful actions, it does so at a time when the Obama administration is mounting a fierce effort to silence truth-tellers and whistleblowers.