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Bergt 1 Siena Sofia Bergt Professor Insdorf Analysis of Film Language 26 February 2018 Colored Perspectives: Shading World War II Onscreen Films that deal with World War II—whether their narratives are concerned primarily with the war itself, the aura from which it emerged, or the ethos of its aftermath—have a particularly charged relationship to the presence or abjuration of color. As representations of a period that produced its own black-and-white archival footage, these worKs recKon with color not simply as an aesthetic choice, but also as a tool through which to define their own relationship to perspectival subjectivity and claims of historical authenticity. By examining the role of color in three vastly different World War II films— Andrzej Wajda’s black-and-white 1958 rendition of the war’s last 24 hours in “Ashes and Diamonds,” the Harlequin prewar chaos of Bob Fosse’s 1972 “Cabaret,” and the delicate balance of color and blacK-and-white characterizing the postwar divided Germany of Wim Wenders’ 1987 “Wings of Desire”—we may access a richer understanding, not simply of the films’ stylistic approaches, but also (and perhaps more significantly) of their relationship to both their origins and audience. Color, that is, acts in these three films as a chromatic guide by which to untangle each respective text’s taKe on both subjectivity and objectivity. Bergt 2 The best “entry point” into these stylistically and temporally distinct films’ chromatic motifs is through three strikingly analogous crowd scenes—each of which uses communal participation in a diegetically well-known song to highlight a moment of dramatic urgency or volatility. -
Elisabeth Epstein: Moscow–Munich–Paris–Geneva, Waystations of a Painter and Mediator of the French-German Cultural Transfer
chapter 12 Elisabeth Epstein: Moscow–Munich–Paris–Geneva, Waystations of a Painter and Mediator of the French-German Cultural Transfer Hildegard Reinhardt Abstract The artist Elisabeth Epstein is usually mentioned as a participant in the first Blaue Reiter exhibition in 1911 and the Erster Deutscher Herbstsalon in 1913. Living in Munich after 1898, Epstein studied with Anton Ažbe, Wassily Kandinsky, and Alexei Jawlensky and participated in Werefkin’s salon. She had already begun exhibiting her work in Paris in 1906 and, after her move there in 1908, she became the main facilitator of the artistic exchange between the Blue Rider artists and Sonia and Robert Delaunay. In the 1920s and 1930s she was active both in Geneva and Paris. This essay discusses the life and work of this Russian-Swiss painter who has remained a peripheral figure despite her crucial role as a mediator of the French-German cultural transfer. Moscow and Munich (1895–1908) The special attraction that Munich and Paris exerted at the beginning of the twentieth century on female Russian painters such as Alexandra Exter, Sonia Delaunay, Natalia Goncharova, and Olga Meerson likewise characterizes the biography of the artist Elisabeth Epstein née Hefter, the daughter of a doc- tor, born in Zhytomir/Ukraine on February 27, 1879. After the family’s move to Moscow, she began her studies, which continued from 1895 to 1897, with the then highly esteemed impressionist figure painter Leonid Pasternak.1 Hefter’s marriage, in April 1898, to the Russian doctor Miezyslaw (Max) Epstein, who had a practice in Munich, and the birth of her only child, Alex- ander, in March 1899, are the most significant personal events of her ten-year period in Bavaria’s capital. -
Otto Dix (1891-1969) War Triptych, 1929-32
Otto Dix (1891-1969) War Triptych, 1929-32 Key facts: Date: 1929-32 Size: Middle panel: 204 x 204 cm; Left and right wing each 204 x 102 cm; Predella: 60 x 204 cm Materials: Mixed media (egg tempera and oil) on wood Location: Staatliche Kunstammlungen, Dresden 1. ART HISTORICAL TERMS AND CONCEPTS Subject Matter: The Great War is a history painting within a landscape set out over four panels, a triptych with a predella panel below. The narrative begins in the left panel, the soldiers in their steel helmets depart for war through a thick haze, already doomed in Dix’s view. In the right panel, a wounded soldier is carried from the battlefield, while the destructive results of battle are starkly depicted in the central panel. This is a bleak and desolate landscape, filled with death and ruin, presided over by a corpse. Trees are charred, bodies are battered and torn and lifeless. War has impacted every part of the landscape. (This panel was a reworking on an earlier painting Dix had done entitled The Trench, 1920-3. David Crocket wrote: “many, if not most, of those who saw this painting in Cologne and Berlin during 1923-24 knew nothing about this aspect of the war.” The predella scene shows several soldiers lying next to one another. Perhaps they are sleeping in the trenches, about to go back into the cycle of battle when they awake, or perhaps they have already fallen and will never wake again. Dix repeatedly depicted World War I and its consequences after having fought in it himself as a young man. -
Photograms1999 Pressrelease
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE THE PHOTOGRAM: 1918–1948 January 23 – March 6, 1999 Ubu Gallery is pleased to present The Photogram: 1918–1948, a survey of the historical development of a unique and beautiful photographic process – an abstract marriage of light and chemistry made without the objectifying presence of the camera. The exhibition will open on January 23, 1999 and run through March 6, 1999. At its simplest, a photogram is essentially a one-of-a-kind negative image created by placing objects on a sheet of photographic paper that is exposed to light and then developed and processed in the manner of a normal photographic print. Although variants of this type of process date back to the origins of photography, the creative potential of the photogram went unrealized until unlocked by Christian Schad, a member of the original Zurich Dada group, in 1918. At the heart of the Dadaist aesthetic was the concept of creating a new art from the detritus of a “morally corrupt,” bourgeois society. Like the materials found in Kurt Schwitters’s collages, Schad appropriated as his subject matter an eclectic array of found objects – discarded tickets, fabric, newsprint, string, etc. Tristan Tzara dubbed Schad’s series of small format photograms “Schadographs,” playing upon the name of their creator and the shadow aspect of the process. In the early 1920s, Man Ray, Lázló Moholy-Nagy and El Lissitzky – working independently – pushed the medium past Schad’s collage-like photograms. Their most significant innovation was the introduction of a sense of depth or interior space obtained by varying the dimensionality, volume and translucence of the objects and the form and manner of the lighting sources. -
New Objectivity: Modern German Art in the Weimar Republic, 1919–1933 on View: October 4, 2015–January 18, 2016 Location: BCAM, 2Nd Floor
Exhibition: New Objectivity: Modern German Art in the Weimar Republic, 1919–1933 On View: October 4, 2015–January 18, 2016 Location: BCAM, 2nd Floor Image captions on page 5 (Los Angeles—April 7, 2015) The Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) presents New Objectivity: Modern German Art in the Weimar Republic, 1919–1933, the first comprehensive show in the United States to explore the themes that characterize the dominant artistic trends of the Weimar Republic. Organized in association with the Museo Correr in Venice, Italy, this exhibition features nearly 200 paintings, photographs, drawings, and prints by more than 50 artists, many of whom are little known in the United States. Key figures—Otto Dix, George Grosz, Christian Schad, August Sander, and Max Beckmann— whose heterogeneous careers are essential to understanding 20th century German modernism, are presented together with lesser known artists, including Herbert Ploberger, Hans Finsler, Georg Schrimpf, Heinrich Maria Davringhausen, Carl Grossberg, and Aenne Biermann, among others. Special attention is devoted to the juxtaposition of painting and photography, offering the rare opportunity to examine both the similarities and differences between the movement’s diverse media. During the 14 years of the Weimar Republic (1919–1933), artists in Germany grappled with the devastating aftermath of World War I: the social, cultural, and economic effects of rapid modernization and urbanization; staggering unemployment and despair; shifting gender identities; and developments in technology and industry. Situated between the end of World War I and the Nazi assumption of power, Germany’s first democracy thrived as a laboratory for widespread cultural achievement, witnessing the end of Expressionism, the exuberant anti- art activities of the Dadaists, the establishment of the Bauhaus design school, and the emergence of a new realism. -
Die Malerei Der Neuen Sachlichkeit 1918 - 1933
Die Malerei der Neuen Sachlichkeit 1918 - 1933 Im Jahr 1923 versandte der Direktor der Städtischen Kunsthalle Mannheim Gustav Friedrich Hartlaub ein Rundschreiben an alle Maler, die "in den letzten zehn Jahren weder impressionistisch aufgelöst noch expressionistisch abstrakt, weder rein sinnenhaft äußerlich, noch rein konstruktiv innerlich gewesen sind ...“. Zwei Jahre später, im Sommer 1925, konnte er mit den Rückmeldungen auf sein Rundschreiben eine Ausstellung ins Leben rufen, der er den Namen "Neue Sachlichkeit“ gab. 124 Bilder von 32 verschiedenen Künstlern hatte er zusammengetragen. Merkmale: Die Nüchternheit und Schärfe der Darstellung, die weitgehend frei ist von Emotionen und Sentimentalität Die Darstellung des Alltäglichen und Unspektakulären, meist in Nahsicht Ein statischer Bildaufbau, der Personen wie erstarrt wirken lässt und ohne Licht- und Schattenwirkung auskommt. Detailgenaue dingliche Darstellung Keine Spuren des Arbeitsprozesses bleiben sichtbar. Der Pinselduktus verschwindet komplett unter einer fast metallisch glatten Oberfläche, die den sterilen, luftleeren Charakter vieler Bilder noch verstärkt. »Es gilt die Dinge zu sehen, wie sie sind.« (Otto Dix) Die Maler reagierten mit ihren Bildern auf das traumatische Erlebnis des Ersten Weltkrieges und eine aus den Fugen geratene Welt: die Künstler der Neuen Sachlichkeit. »Brutalität! Klarheit, die wehtut! Zum Einschlafen gibt's genügend Musiken! […] Pinsle, was das Zeug hält – fang die rasende Zeit ein …«, forderte George Grosz. Wie zahlreiche Zeitgenossen distanzierte er sich von den vergeistigten Strömungen der Malerei, kritisierte deren »Wolkenwanderungstendenzen« und monierte, dass »deren Anhänger über Kuben und Gotik nachsannen, während die Feldherren mit Blut malten.« Architekten wie Walter Gropius und Ludwig Mies van der Rohe strebten nach einer sachlich- schlichten Formensprache und diskutierten die sozialen Aspekte des Neuen Bauens. -
Karl Hubbuch (Karlsruhe 1891 – 1979 Karlsruhe)
Nummer 397 Kunstwerk des Monats April 2018 Karl Hubbuch (Karlsruhe 1891 – 1979 Karlsruhe) Erinnerungen an den 04. Januar 1925, 1925, Lithographie 30,8 x 23,1 cm (Darstellung) 32,5 x 24,9 cm (Blatt), Inv. Nr. L 638 „Der Welt den Spiegel vorhalten“, mit diesem Zitat aus durch einen collageartigen Aufbau mit mehreren Erzähl- Shakespeares Hamlet umschrieb Karl Hubbuch die Intenti- ebenen gelungen. on seiner Kunst (Brief an Franz Roh vom 12. Februar 1953). Der Blick aus dem Fenster, angedeutet durch den Vorhang in der oberen linken Ecke, fällt auf eine Hochzeitsge- Wie bei vielen Arbeiten der 1920er Jahre hat Hubbuch sellschaft. Die Leserichtung führt den Blick weiter über auf dem Blatt mit den „Erinnerungen an den 04. Januar ein Gebäude zu dem Brautpaar in einem Auto. Durch 1925“ einen autobiographischen Inhalt in einen größeren zwei große Blüten, die vermutlich auf einer Fensterbank gesellschaftlichen Rahmen eingebettet. Dies ist ihm stehen, sind vier kleinteiligere Szenen isoliert. Die Berliner Theaterbühnen hatten den jungen Hubbuch Aufruf zur Wahl der Demokratie dar. Damit spielte er zu einer solchen Komposition mit verschiedenen Bild- auf die politische Lage an, in der Hitler längst kein kleines strukturen und Maßstäben inspiriert. Während seiner Licht mehr war. Durch eine Unterredung am Tresen und Studienzeit an der Lehranstalt des Kunstgewerbemuseums der Beschilderung „Arbeits-Amt“ verdeutlichte er ein hatte er bis Kriegsausbruch viele Inszenierungen gesehen. weiteres gesellschaftliches Problem. Zudem schien Der Wechsel von der Großherzoglichen Badischen Aka- Hubbuch durch die Darstellung einer Frau mit grafischen demie in Karlsruhe nach Berlin wurde Hubbuch 1912 Blättern auf die eigene Lage des Künstlerdaseins zu durch die finanzielle Unterstützung seines bis dahin verweisen. -
German and Austrian Art of the 1920S and 1930S the Marvin and Janet Fishman Collection
German and Austrian Art of the 1920s and 1930s The Marvin and Janet Fishman Collection The concept Neue Sachlichkeit (New Objectivity) was introduced in Germany in the 1920s to account for new developments in art after German and Austrian Impressionism and Expressionism. Gustav Friedrich Hartlaub mounted an exhibition at the Mannheim Museum in 1925 under the title Neue Art of the1920s and1930s Sachlichkeit giving the concept an official introduction into modern art in the Weimar era of Post-World War I Germany. In contrast to impressionist or abstract art, this new art was grounded in tangible reality, often rely- ing on a vocabulary previously established in nineteenth-century realism. The artists Otto Dix, George Grosz, Karl Hubbuch, Felix Nussbaum, and Christian Schad among others–all represented in the Haggerty exhibi- tion–did not flinch from showing the social ills of urban life. They cata- logued vividly war-inflicted disruptions of the social order including pover- Otto Dix (1891-1969), Sonntagsspaziergang (Sunday Outing), 1922 Will Grohmann (1887-1968), Frauen am Potsdamer Platz (Women at Postdamer ty, industrial vice, and seeds of ethnic discrimination. Portraits, bourgeois Oil and tempera on canvas, 29 1/2 x 23 5/8 in. Place), ca.1915, Oil on canvas, 23 1/2 x 19 3/4 in. café society, and prostitutes are also common themes. Neue Sachlichkeit artists lacked utopian ideals of the Expressionists. These artists did not hope to provoke revolutionary reform of social ailments. Rather, their task was to report veristically on the actuality of life including the ugly and the vulgar. Cynicism, irony, and wit judiciously temper their otherwise somber depictions. -
Ein Biogra Scher Garten Der Garten Der Familie Dix in Hemmenhofen
Ein biograscher Garten Der Garten der Familie Dix in Hemmenhofen s war ein wildes Gemisch aus kräigen Far- Frau Martha und den Kindern Nelly (13), Ursus (9) und «Eben », so erinnert sich Jan Dix an die Blumen- Jan (8) zog er 1936 auf die Halbinsel Höri nach Hemmen- sträusse, die seine Muer Martha und seine Schwester hofen, gegenüber von Steckborn am deutschen Ufer des Nelly aus dem Garten der Familie des Malers Oo Dix Bodensees. Die Höri war bereits anfangs des 20. Jahrhun- zusammenstellten. « Schwefelgelbe Schafgarbe neben derts als ländlicher Sehnsuchtsort von Lebensreformern nachtschwarzen Malven, vielerlei Formen und komple- und Künstlern entdeckt worden, unter ihnen auch Her- mentäre Farben, dicht gedrängte, starrköpge Zinnien mann Hesse, der sich 1907 im benachbarten Gaienhofen in ihren unwahrscheinlich reichen Farbnuancen waren für fünf Jahre niedergelassen hae. Die Dixens gehörten Motive für Blumenbilder. Kapuzinerkresse, Schwertlilie, zu einer zweiten Generation von Höri-Künstlern, die sich Nelke, alles o in Portraits als Aribut verwendet, wurde in in der Zeit der Nazi-Diktatur wohl oder übel aus dem Hemmenhofen im Garten angepanzt und gepegt. » Vom öentlichen Leben haen zurückziehen müssen. Oo Dix, Garten auf die Leinwand des Vaters waren es nur wenige der « Grossstadtmensch », pegte zeitlebens ein gespalte- Schrie. Und auch wenn Oo Dix weder Blumenmaler nes Verhältnis zu seinem neuen Lebensort, den er bis zu noch Gärtner genannt werden kann, so sind Panzenbeob- seinem Tod 1969 beibehielt. « Zum Kotzen schön », so achtungen aus dem Garten doch vielfach in seine Arbeiten Dix, sei diese Landscha, die er in den Zeiten der inne- eingeossen, wurde der Garten zum geliebten und gestalte- ren Emigration gleichwohl oder gerade deswegen immer ten Zuhause für ihn und seine Familie. -
The Museum of Modern Art 14 West 49Th Street, New York Telephone: Circle 7-7470 for Immediate Release
37917 ~ *- 7 THE MUSEUM OF MODERN ART 14 WEST 49TH STREET, NEW YORK TELEPHONE: CIRCLE 7-7470 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Believing that American veterans would be interested in seeing how the World War looked tc a German veteran, the Museum of Modern Art will open Tuesday, September 21, in its tenporary galler ies at 14 West 49 Street, an exhibition of war etchings by Otto Dix. The exhibition has been arranged to coincide with the American Legion Convention the week of September 20 butwill extend for sev eral weeks longer, possibly until November 1st. The Dix etchings are from a folio of »ixty under the title Per Krieg (The War). It was not necessary for the artist totdraw on his imagination to represent war in a grimly realistic light. He needed only to transfer to copper plate the actual scenes etched on his memory by his four years on the Western Front. After the war Otto Dix became the leader of the German movement toward extreme realism. Until 1935 he was a professor of painting at the Dresden Academy. To form a contrast with the actual horrors of war which Dix reveals so realistically in his etchings, a painting, Armored ^rain by Gin© Severini, the Italian Futurist, is exhibited.' The Italian Futurists announced that war was both hygienic and beautiful. Armored Train,painted in 1915, glorifies in a semi-abstract style the exciting dynamics of war. In presenting these two diametrically opposite ideas of the same thing-—in this case, the World War—the Museum is continuing its method begun early in the summer of showing by dramatic contrast the many different points of view expressed in modern art. -
Otto Dix, Letters, Vol.1
8 Letters vol. 1 1904–1927 Translated by Mark Kanak Translation © 2016 Mark Kanak. .—ıst Contra Mundum Press Edition Otto Dix, Briefe © 2014 by 290 pp., 6x 9 in. Wienand Verlag GmbH isbn 9781940625188 First Contra Mundum Press Edition 2016. I. Dix, Otto. II. Title. All Rights Reserved under III. Kanak, Mark. International & Pan-American IV. Translator. Copyright Conventions. V. Ulrike Lorenz, Gudrun No part of this book may be Schmidt. reproduced in any form or by VI. Introduction. any electronic means, including information storage and retrieval 2016943764 systems, without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review. Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Dix, Otto, 1891–1969 [Briefe. English.] Letters, Vol. 1, 1904–1927 / Otto Dix; translated from the original German by Mark Kanak ToC Introduction 0–xxvii About This Edition xxviii–xlv Letters 0–215 Object Shapes Form 218–220 8 Introduction Ulrike Lorenz An Artist’s Life in Letters “I’ve never written confessions since, as closer inspection will reveal, my paintings are confessions of the sincerest kind you will find, quite a rare thing in these times.” — Otto Dix to Hans Kinkel (March 29, 1948) An Artist without Manifestœs A man of words, this letter writer never was. In re- sponse to art critic Hans Kinkel’s request to contribute to a collection of self-testimonials of German painters, Dix gruffly rebuked him, surly calling such pieces noth- ing but “vanity, subjective chatter.”1 And this in the precarious postwar situation, as the 57-year-old —. -
Art 142: the History of Photography Unit 8: Mass Media and Marketing Mass Media and Marketing
Art 142: The History of Photography Unit 8: Mass Media and Marketing Mass Media and Marketing The end of WWI propelled a period of experimentalism in photography that shattered the Victorian conventions and generated a new, modern covenant with the social world. Mass Media and Marketing Dada and After ● “Dada, a nonsensical sounding word chosen by a group of writers, artists and poets ● Identifies a new emerging art movement able to express despair brought on by WWI and break conventions and intellectual barriers ● Christian Schad, German artist associated with Zurich Dada group made, “Schadographs”. ● May have been referencing both “Shadowgraphs or the german word, “Schaden” which means damaged evoking the Dada sense of things falling apart. Christian Schad, Schadograph 24b, c. 1920. Gelatin silver print. Mass Media and Marketing Dada and After ● Berlin Dada group more political than Zurich group and wanted to make social statements. ● Adopted photomontage as a key medium, a “paste picture” or Klebebild finished as a photograph Hannah Höch, Schnitt mit dem Küchenmesser Dada durch die letzte weimarer Bierbauchkulturepoche Deutschlands (Cut with the Kitchen Knife Dada through the last Weimar Beer Belly Cultural Epoch of Germany), 1919. Photomontage. Nationalgalerie Staatliche Museen, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin. Mass Media and Marketing Dada and After ● Hannah Höch and Raoul Hausmann were two of the earliest dadaists to make photomontages ● Höch engaged the theme of New Woman, images juxtaposed traditional roles of women with symbols of modernity ● Hausmann, one of the few communists that insisted on women’s equality in any new society. Hannah Höch, Denkmal I: Aus einem ethnographischen Museum (Monument 1: From an Ethnographic Museum), 1924.