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Aditivos Alimentares Na Nutrição De Juvenis De Piavuçu, Leporinus Macrocephalus: Desempenho E Parâmetros Hematológicos

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Aditivos Alimentares Na Nutrição De Juvenis De Piavuçu, Leporinus Macrocephalus: Desempenho E Parâmetros Hematológicos UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE SANTA CRUZ Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência Animal Aditivos alimentares na nutrição de juvenis de piavuçu, Leporinus macrocephalus: desempenho e parâmetros hematológicos KAUANA SANTOS DE LIMA ILHÉUS – BAHIA 2013 II KAUANA SANTOS DE LIMA Aditivos alimentares na nutrição de juvenis de piavuçu, Leporinus macrocephalus: desempenho e parâmetros hematológicos Orientador: Prof. Dsc. Luís Gustavo Tavares Braga Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciência Animal. Área de concentração: Produção Animal ILHÉUS – BAHIA 2013 III L732 Lima, Kauana Santos de. Aditivos alimentares na nutrição de juvenis de piavuçu, Leporinus macrocephalus: desempenho e parâmetros hematológicos / Kauana Santos de Lima. – Ilhéus, BA: UESC, 2013. lv f. : il. Orientador: Luís Gustavo Tavares Braga. Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Estadual de Cruz. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal. Inclui referências. 1. Aquicultura. 2. Probióticos. 3.Desempenho. I. Título. CDD 639.8 IV KAUANA SANTOS DE LIMA Aditivos alimentares na nutrição de juvenis de piavuçu, Leporinus macrocephalus: desempenho e parâmetros hematológicos Ilhéus-BA, 28/02/2013. Luís Gustavo Tavares Braga - Dr. UESC/DCAA (Orientador) William Cristiane Teles Tonini – Dr. UESC/DCAA Eduardo Teixeira Arruda Lanna - Dr. UFV/DZOO V Dedicatória À minha família. VI “basta ser sincero e desejar profundo” Raul Seixas VII Agradecimentos A Deus, pelo dom da vida e por me permitir sonhar, buscar e realizar. Aos peixes, que deram suas vidas em nome da ciência. Aos meus pais, Claudia e Antônio, pelo amor, apoio e por serem o meu alicerce. Ao meu namorado e amigo Filipe Cipriano, por trilharmos esse caminho juntos. Ao meu orientador Gustavo Braga, pela paciência, dedicação, ensinamento e amizade. A minha linda família, em especial ao Vô Antônio, Vó Nega, Tia Diva, Tia Rita, Tio Claudionor, Tio Claudio e Lorena, pelo constante incentivo e a torcida. Aos meus amigos Vagner, Taiane, Ozana e Amanda pela compreensão nos momentos de ausência. A equipe AQUANUT, William, Francisco, Ricardo, Érica, Driele, Fernanda, Milane, Dani, Hortência, Bruno, Vinicius e Jhon, pela amizade, risadas e a grande torcida. As meninas da limpeza, Aurita, Alda, Jamile e especialmente a Dona Antônia, pelos cafés no momento de sonolência, os chás nos momentos de euforia e os abraços nos momentos de tristeza. A Camila Machado, pela fundamental ajuda no cultivo das leveduras. A Izabela Garcia, pelo bate papo hematológico e a grande ajuda nas análises. Aos colegas do Laboratório de Pesquisas em Química Analítica, Lucas, Anderson, Raphaela, Mayara e Givaldo. Aos professores Ana Paula Uetanabaro, Leandro Costa, Alexandre Munhoz, Raildo Costa e José Augusto, pela colaboração para realização desse projeto. E a todos que ajudaram indiretamente. Um muito obrigada. VIII Aditivos alimentares na nutrição de juvenis de piavuçu, Leporinus macrocephalus: desempenho e parâmetros hematológicos Resumo Verificou-se o desempenho e a resposta hematológica de juvenis de piavuçu, Leporinus macrocephalus, alimentados com extrato de alho, extrato de canela e levedura submetidos ao estresse de captura. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Alimentação e Nutrição de Peixes (Aquanut), Ilhéus, Bahia, onde 192 juvenis de piavuçu com peso médio inicial de 3,09 ± 0,8 g foram distribuídos em 16 tanques de fibra de vidro (170 L), com densidade de 12 peixes/tanque em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiam na adição de 1% de extrato de alho, 1% de extrato de canela, 9x105 UFC.g-1 de levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae DS-5 e uma dieta controle, sem a inclusão de aditivo. Foram avaliados o desempenho, índices corporais e sobrevivência dos peixes. Após o ensaio de desempenho os peixes foram submetidos ao estresse de captura e o efeito dos aditivos como mitigador do estresse foi avaliado por meio de análises hematológicas. Observou-se maior ganho de peso e melhor conversão alimentar (P≤0,05) nos peixes alimentados com as dietas contendo os extratos de alho e de canela. Foram verificadas alterações nos números de leucócitos logo após o estresse nos peixes de todos os tratamentos. Foram observadas reduções nos números de trombócitos nos peixes suplementados com extrato de alho e dieta controle 24 horas após o estresse. Juvenis de piavuçu alimentados com dietas suplementadas com os extratos de alho e de canela ao nível de 10 g. Kg-1 apresentaram melhor desempenho, entretanto nas concentrações utilizadas esses aditivos não influenciaram nos parâmetros hematológicos quando os peixes foram submetidos ao estresse de captura. Palavras chave: aquicultura, probiótico, fitogênico, desempenho IX Food additives in the nutrition juveniles of piavuçu, Leporinus macrocephalus: performance and hematological parameters Abstract It was verified the juveniles piavuçu’s performance and hematological response, Leporinus macrocephalus fed with garlic extract, cinnamon extract and yeast subjected to capture stress. The experiment was conducted at the laboratory of Food and Nutrition of Fish (Aquanut) Ilhéus, Bahia, where 192 juveniles piavuçu with an average initial weight of 3.09 ± 0.8 g were distributed in 16 tanks (170L), with a density of 12 fish per tank in a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of the addition of 1% of garlic extract, 1% extract of cinnamon, 9x105 CFU.g-1 of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae DS-5 and a control diet without the inclusion of additive. Was evaluated the performance, body index and fish survival. After the performance test the fish were subjected to the stress of capture and the effect of additives such as mitigating stress was assessed by hematological analysis. Was noted more weight gain and improved feed conversion (P ≤ 0.05) in fish fed with diets containing extracts from garlic and cinnamon. Changes were observed in numbers of leukocytes after the stress on the fish in all treatments. Reductions in the number of thrombocytes in fish supplemented with garlic extract and control diet 24 hours after stress. Piavuçu juveniles fed diets supplemented with extracts of garlic and cinnamon to the level of 10 g. Kg-1 had better performance, however the concentrations used in these additives did not affect hematologic parameters when fish were subjected to the stress of capture. X Lista de tabelas Tabela 1. Composição (g/Kg) das dietas experimentais................................. 34 Tabela 2. Valores médios de desempenho de juvenis de piavuçu alimentados com dietas contendo extrato de alho, extrato de canela e levedura........................................................................................................... 37 Tabela 3. Valores médios de composição corporal (g/ Kg) de juvenis de piavuçu alimentados com dietas contendo extrato de alho, extrato de canela e levedura......................................................................................................... 40 Tabela 4. Valores de hematócrito e hemoglobina de juvenis de piavuçu alimentados com dietas contendo extrato de alho, extrato de canela e levedura........................................................................................................... 40 Tabela 5. Valores de leucócitos, monócitos e linfócitos de juvenis de piavuçu alimentados com dietas contendo extrato de alho, extrato de canela e levedura......................................................................................................... 41 Tabela 6. Valores de linfócitos de juvenis de piavuçu alimentados com dietas contendo extrato de alho, extrato de canela e levedura......................................................................................................... 42 Tabela 7. Valores de neutrófilos segmentado e trombócitos de juvenis de piavuçu alimentados com dietas contendo extrato de alho, extrato de canela e levedura......................................................................................................... 42 XI Sumário Introdução...................................................................................................... 11 2. Revisão de literatura ................................................................................. 14 2.1 Piavuçu, Leporinus macrocephalus ........................................................ 14 2.2 Aditivos fitogênicos ................................................................................ 15 2.2.1 Alho, Allium sativum .............................................................................. 17 2.2.2 Canela, Cinnamomum zeylanicum .......................................................... 18 2.3 Probiótico ................................................................................................ 19 2.3.1 Levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae ...................................................... 21 2.4 Estresse ................................................................................................... 22 3.0 Referências bibliográficas ...................................................................... 23 4.0 Manuscrito .............................................................................................. 30 Aditivos alimentares na nutrição de juvenis de piavuçu, Leporinus macrocephalus: desempenho e variáveis hematológicas ............................. 31 Resumo.......................................................................................................... 31 Introdução ....................................................................................................
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