DOCSLIB.ORG

Beta Israel: the Jews of Ethiopia and Beyond

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Beta Israel: the Jews of Ethiopia and Beyond. History, Identity and Borders edited by Emanuela Trevisan Semi and Shalva Weil Beta Israel: the Jews of Ethiopia and Beyond. History, Identity and Borders Edited by Emanuela Trevisan Semi and Shalva Weil Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia Dipartimento di Studi sull’Asia e sull’Africa Mediterranea © 2011 Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia ISBN: 978-88-7543-286-7 Libreria Editrice Cafoscarina srl Dorsoduro 3259, 30123 Venezia www.cafoscarina.it Tutti i diritti riservati. Prima edizione febbraio 2011 CONTENTS Introduction 7 JAMES QUIRIN Personal Reflections on Researching Beta Israel History 11 HAIM ADMOR The Question about the Beta Israel’s Jewish Identity, at the Crossroads of History and Argumentation 25 EMANUELA TREVISAN SEMI East and West through the Conversations between Jacques Faitlovitch and Farid Kassab 45 ALICE JANKOWSKI “An Obligation of Honour”: Glimpses of the Forgotten Story of the Pro-Falasha Committee in Germany 57 JOSEPH (GIUSEPPE ) LEVI Taamerat Emmanuel and Giuseppe Levi. A Friendship between an Ethiopian Jewish Maskil and a Florentine Jewish Rabbi 75 ANITA NUDELMAN AND MELKAMU YAACOV Aleka Yaacov: Undisputed Healer and Leader among Ethiopian Jews 101 SHARON SHALOM The Time of Circumcision in the Beta Israel Community 117 RON ATAR The Performance Practice in Beta Israel Prayers – a Service for the New Moon (ya-Caraqâ Ba’âl): a Case Study 133 SHALVA WEIL Mikael Aragawi: Christian Missionary among the Beta Israel 147 RAVIT COHEN The Ethnography of the Gondar Compound: “Waiting” and what it means 159 EDITH BRUDER The Beit Avraham of Kechene: The Emergence of a New Jewish Community in Ethiopia 181 INTRODUCTION This volume focuses around the issues of history, identity and borders concerning the Beta Israel (Jews of Ethiopia). The Beta Israel practised ancient Jewish rites, as Sharon Shalom describes in this volume, which were quite different from Rabbinic lore. Their performance of liturgy was characterized by distinct, unique musical phenomena, which Ron Atar documents. This volume brings together a selection of papers that were presented in two international conferences hosted by SOSTEJE (Society for the Study of Ethiopian Jewry) held in Florence in October 2007 and in Gondar, Ethiopia in November 2009. James Quirin was the keynote speaker at the Gondar conference, where he traced in a retrospective the oral history and fieldwork he had carried out in Ethiopia and among the Beta Israel in the 1960’s and 1970’s. Florence is strongly connected with the beginning of the Western part of Beta Israel contemporary history. In fact, it was in this city that the first Pro-Falasha Committee was established in 1907 by Jacques Faitlovitch, the Polish Jew who studied Semitic languages in Paris and spent all his life in travelling to and fro between Ethiopia, Europe, United States and Palestine. He was concerned with the Jews of Ethiopia, at time known as “Falashas”, a term that today is considered derogatory. His Jewish identity model was at odds with that of Rabbi Haim Nahoum, who was sent by the French Alliance Israélite Universelle to report on the Jewish identity of the Beta Israel: Haim Admor analyses in this volume the argumentative analysis of the reports of both personalities who visited the Beta Israel in Ethiopia 8 BETA ISRAEL: THE JEWS OF ETHIOPIA AND BEYOND during the same period. In Faitlovitch’s mind, the Beta Israel had to be integrated into mainstream Judaism, that is to say into Western Judaism, and had to be educated in Europe in order to be prepared as future “native” teachers to be sent back to Ethiopia in order to further his educational ideals. The unusual correspondence between Jacques Faitlovitch and Farid Kassab is the subject of Emanuela Trevisan Semi’s chapter in this volume. At that time, Zvi Margulies, an Ashkenazi rabbi from East Europe, was the Rabbi of the Florentine community, who shared Faitlovitch’s project to “save” the Beta Israel. The first Pro-Falasha Committee was soon followed by a German Pro-Falasha Committee set up Frankfurt on Main in 1914 and documented in detail by Alice Jankowski. In Florence there were already two young Beta Israel coming from Ethiopia, the first to be educated in Europe. One of these was Taamerat Emmanuel, a brilliant and cultivated youth, who would become a close friend of the grandfather of the present day’s Florentine Rabbi Giuseppe Levi, one of the contributors to this volume. The Beta Israel have lived in Gondar and its surrounding areas, including the Simien, for centuries, where they engaged in specific occupations, as smiths and landless agriculturalists. Nudelman and Yaacov relate the unique memoirs of Aleka Yaacov, a healer, who lived in the area for most of his life prior to his aliyah (emigration). Other Beta Israel resided in Tigray and other provinces. The vast majority of the Beta Israel left Gondar in the 1980’s and 1990’s and live today in the State of Israel, although some people called Felesmura are today awaiting emigration, as Ravit Cohen describes, in a compound in Gondar. Many of these people converted to Christianity from the middle of the nineteenth century on. The greatest of the “native” missionaries was Mikael Aragawi, many of whose descendants immigrated to Israel, as Shalva Weil demonstrates. The authors in this volume come from a wide range of disciplines, including anthropology, literature, ethno-musicology and Jewish studies. They work in different European countries, including France, Israel, Italy, Switzerland, Germany and more. Some are of native Ethiopian origin, while most are researchers of Ethiopian Jewry. Some are doctoral students, while others are well-established professors in their fields. INTRODUCTION 9 The volume is organized into three sections. The largest section begins off with so far undocumented modern history of the Beta Israel, by tracing the identity of the Beta Israel in Ethiopia at the beginning of the twentieth century, and the role of Dr. Jacques Faitlovitch and the work of his students in aligning Beta Israel with world Jewry. This section incorporates original articles on the correspondence between Dr. Faitlovitch and an Arab intellectual, the establishment of the Pro-Falasha committee in Germany, and unpublished material on one of Dr. Faitlovitch’s outstanding pupils who studied in Europe, and developed a special friendship with an Italian Jew. The second section will describe unique Beta Israel religious practices, such as the service for the new moon, and the circumcision ceremony as practised by the Beta Israel, which are at times compared with normative Judaic customs. The third section moves from the history of the Beta Israel in Ethiopia to contemporary trends within and without the community. A chapter documents nineteenth and twentieth century missionary activity among the Beta Israel, and then move to describing the contemporary group called Felesmura or Zera Beta Israel still waiting to immigrate to Israel. Finally, a chapter by Edith Bruder examines the identities of the Beit Avraham of Kechene, Ethiopia, who identify with the Beta Israel and their successful emigration to Israel. This collection provides a novel view of different and evolving identities of the Beta Israel from the early twentieth century till today, fanning out from a Hebraic-type of Judaism, to a loosely-defined view of Judaism, as expressed by other groups who regard the Beta Israel as their role model. The volume brings into focus the question of borders: between the Beta Israel and other normative Jews, between the Beta Israel in Ethiopia and the Beta Israel in Israel, between the Beta Israel and other Israelis, and between the Beta Israel and non-Beta Israel groups aspiring to the same status as the Beta Israel. Emanuela Trevisan Semi, Venice Shalva Weil, Jerusalem ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Emanuela Trevisan Semi is most thankful to Piera Rossetto, who have helped prepare the manuscript for publication. PERSONAL REFLECTIONS ON RESEARCHING BETA ISRAEL HISTORY1 James Quirin, Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA Motives for studying on the Beta Israel As I began researching Beta Israel history, and especially later when I began speaking about and publishing the results of my research, I was often asked how I got interested in the subject originally. It is certainly a legitimate question to ask “where one is coming from,” as my students at Fisk University like to phrase it. In this case, it was perhaps particularly pertinent since most of the interest, advocacy and research on this group had been carried out since the mid-19th century by foreign Jews and related to the issue of the extent to which they were similar or different from world Jewish standards and practices. This strain was begun by Joseph Halevy and Jacques Faitlovitch who 1 When I was invited by Shalva Weil, the President of the Society for the Study of Ethiopian Jewry (SOSTEJE), to present the Keynote Address at the SOSTEJE Gondar conference in November 2009, I was both gratified and hesitant. SOSTEJE’s scholars have been the leading edge of new research on the Ethiopian Jews for the past few decades, and I appreciated the opportunity to share some personal thoughts on the development of my own interest and research on the Beta Israel. My hesitancy revolved around the fact that I had not completed any new research or publications on the Beta Israel for some time. But when Shalva Weil explained that I could give a “retrospective” personal view at the SOSTEJE conference, I accepted her invitation. This written version
Recommended publications
  • Print Friendly Version

    Print Friendly Version

    TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 The Holiday of Hanukkah 5 Judaism and the Jewish Diaspora 8 Ashkenazi Jews and Yiddish 9 Latkes! 10 Pickles! 11 Body Mapping 12 Becoming the Light 13 The Nigun 14 Reflections with Playwright Shari Aronson 15 Interview with Author Eric Kimmel 17 Glossary 18 Bibliography Using the Guide Welcome, Teachers! This guide is intended as a supplement to the Scoundrel and Scamp’s production of Hershel & The Hanukkah Goblins. Please note that words bolded in the guide are vocabulary that are listed and defined at the end of the guide. 2 Hershel and the Hanukkah Goblins Teachers Guide | The Scoundrel & Scamp Theatre The Holiday of Hanukkah Introduction to Hanukkah Questions: In Hebrew, the word Hanukkah means inauguration, dedication, 1. What comes to your mind first or consecration. It is a less important Jewish holiday than others, when you think about Hanukkah? but has become popular over the years because of its proximity to Christmas which has influenced some aspects of the holiday. 2. Have you ever participated in a Hanukkah tells the story of a military victory and the miracle that Hanukkah celebration? What do happened more than 2,000 years ago in the province of Judea, you remember the most about it? now known as Palestine. At that time, Jews were forced to give up the study of the Torah, their holy book, under the threat of death 3. It is traditional on Hanukkah to as their synagogues were taken over and destroyed. A group of eat cheese and foods fried in oil. fighters resisted and defeated this army, cleaned and took back Do you eat cheese or fried foods? their synagogue, and re-lit the menorah (a ceremonial lamp) with If so, what are your favorite kinds? oil that should have only lasted for one night but that lasted for eight nights instead.
  • Mimesis Journal. Scritture Della Performance

    Mimesis Journal. Scritture Della Performance

    Mimesis Journal Books collana di «Mimesis Journal. Scritture della performance» ISSN 2283-8783 comitato scientifico Antonio Attisani Università degli Studi di Torino Florinda Cambria Università degli Studi di Milano Lorenzo Mango Università degli Studi L’Orientale di Napoli Tatiana Motta Lima Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Franco Perrelli Università degli Studi di Torino Antonio Pizzo Università degli Studi di Torino Kris Salata Florida State University Carlo Sini Università degli Studi di Milano Éric Vautrin Université de Caën Mimesis Journal Books ISSN 2283-8783 1. Jerzy Grotowski. L’eredità vivente isbn 978-88-97523-29-1 a cura di Antonio Attisani ebook www.aAccademia.it/grotowski 2. Logiche della performance. isbn 978-88-97523-27-7 Dalla singolarità francescana alla nuova mimesi di Antonio Attisani ebook www.aAccademia.it/performance 3. Neodrammatico digitale. isbn 978-88-97523-37-6 Scena multimediale e racconto interattivo di Antonio Pizzo ebook www.aAccademia.it/neodrammatico 4. Lugné-Poe e l’Œuvre simbolista. isbn 978-88-97523-64-2 Una biografia tea trale (1869-1899) di Giuliana Altamura ebook www.aAccademia.it/lugnepoe 5. Teorie e visioni dell’esperienza “teatrale”. isbn 978-88-97523-87-1 L’arte performativa tra natura e culture di Edoar do Giovanni Carlotti ebook www.aAccademia.it/carlotti 6. Carmelo Bene fra tea tro e spettacolo isbn 978-88-97523-89-5 di Salvatore Vendittelli a cura di Armando Petrini ebook www.aAccademia.it/vendittelli 7. L’attore di fuoco. Martin Buber e il teatro isbn 978-88-99200-39-8 di Marcella Scopelliti ebook www.aAccademia.it/scopelliti 8.
  • Proceedings of the 16Th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies

    Proceedings of the 16Th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies

    www.svt.ntnu.no/ices16/ Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies Conference of the 16th International Proceedings Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies Volume 1 Volume 1 Volume Edited by Svein Ege, Harald Aspen, Birhanu Teferra and Shiferaw Bekele ISBN 978-82-90817-27-0 (printed) Det skapende universitet Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies Volume 1 Edited by Svein Ege, Harald Aspen, Birhanu Teferra and Shiferaw Bekele Department of Social Anthropology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 2009 Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies, ed. by Svein Ege, Harald Aspen, Birhanu Teferra and Shiferaw Bekele ISBN 978-82-90817-27-0 (printed) Vol. 1-4 http://www.svt.ntnu.no/ices16/ Printed in Norway by NTNU-trykk, Trondheim 2009 © The authors Table of contents Author index xv Preface xix Archaeology The Temple of Yeha: Geo-Environmental Implications on its Site Selection 1 and Preservation Asfawossen Asrat The Archaeology of Islam in North East Shoa 11 Kassaye Begashaw History A Miracle of the Archangel Uriel Worked for Abba Giyorgis of Gasəcca 23 Getatchew Haile Ras Wäsän Säggäd, a Pre-Eminent Lord of Early 16th-Century Ethiopia 37 Michael Kleiner T.aytu’s Foremothers. Queen Əleni, Queen Säblä Wängel and Bati Dəl 51 Wämbära Rita Pankhurst Ase Iyasu I (1682-1706) and the synod of Yébaba 65 Verena Böll Performance and Ritual in Nineteenth-Century Ethiopian Political Culture 75 Izabela Orlowska Shäwa, Ethiopia's Prussia. Its Expansion, Disappearance and Partition 85 Alain Gascon Imprints of the Time : a Study of the hundred Ethiopian Seals of the Boucoiran 99 collection Serge Tornay and Estelle Sohier The Hall Family and Ethiopia.
  • Experiences from Pregnancy and Childbirth Related to Female Genital Mutilation Among Eritrean Immigrant Women in Sweden

    Experiences from Pregnancy and Childbirth Related to Female Genital Mutilation Among Eritrean Immigrant Women in Sweden

    ARTICLE IN PRESS Midwifery (2008) 24, 214–225 www.elsevier.com/locate/midw Experiences from pregnancy and childbirth related to female genital mutilation among Eritrean immigrant women in Sweden Pranee C. Lundberg, PhD, RN (Associate Professor)Ã, Alganesh Gerezgiher, BMSc, RN (Nurse) Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden ÃCorresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (P.C. Lundberg). Received 17 May 2006; received in revised form 14 September 2006; accepted 3 October 2006 Abstract Objective: to explore Eritrean immigrant women’s experiences of female genital mutilation (FGM) during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. Design: qualitative study using an ethnographic approach. Data were collected via tape-recorded interviews. Setting: interviews in the Eritrean women’s homes located in and around Uppsala, Sweden. Participants: 15 voluntary Eritrean immigrant women. Data collection and analysis: Semi-structured interview and open-ended questions were used. The interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed verbatim and then analysed. Findings: six themes of experiences of FGM among Eritrean women during pregnancy and childbirth were identified. They are (1) fear and anxiety; (2) extreme pain and long-term complications; (3) health-care professionals’ knowledge of circumcision and health-care system; (4) support from family, relatives and friends; (5) de-infibulation; and (6) decision against female circumcision of daughters. Key conclusion and implications for practice: the Eritrean women had experiences of FGM and had suffered from its complications during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. Midwives and obstetricians should have competence in managing women with FGM, and they need increased understanding of cultural epistemology in order to be able to provide quality care to these women.
  • The Hebrew-Jewish Disconnection

    The Hebrew-Jewish Disconnection

    Bridgewater State University Virtual Commons - Bridgewater State University Master’s Theses and Projects College of Graduate Studies 5-2016 The eH brew-Jewish Disconnection Jacey Peers Follow this and additional works at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/theses Part of the Reading and Language Commons Recommended Citation Peers, Jacey. (2016). The eH brew-Jewish Disconnection. In BSU Master’s Theses and Projects. Item 32. Available at http://vc.bridgew.edu/theses/32 Copyright © 2016 Jacey Peers This item is available as part of Virtual Commons, the open-access institutional repository of Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts. THE HEBREW-JEWISH DISCONNECTION Submitted by Jacey Peers Department of Graduate Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages Bridgewater State University Spring 2016 Content and Style Approved By: ___________________________________________ _______________ Dr. Joyce Rain Anderson, Chair of Thesis Committee Date ___________________________________________ _______________ Dr. Anne Doyle, Committee Member Date ___________________________________________ _______________ Dr. Julia (Yulia) Stakhnevich, Committee Member Date 1 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my mom for her support throughout all of my academic endeavors; even when she was only half listening, she was always there for me. I truly could not have done any of this without you. To my dad, who converted to Judaism at 56, thank you for showing me that being Jewish is more than having a certain blood that runs through your veins, and that there is hope for me to feel like I belong in the community I was born into, but have always felt next to.
  • From Falashas to Ethiopian Jews

    From Falashas to Ethiopian Jews

    FROM FALASHAS TO ETHIOPIAN JEWS: THE EXTERNAL INFLUENCES FOR CHANGE C. 1860-1960 BY DANIEL P. SUMMERFIELD A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON (SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES) FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PhD) 1997 ProQuest Number: 10673074 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10673074 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT The arrival of a Protestant mission in Ethiopia during the 1850s marks a turning point in the history of the Falashas. Up until this point, they lived relatively isolated in the country, unaffected and unaware of the existence of world Jewry. Following this period and especially from the beginning of the twentieth century, the attention of certain Jewish individuals and organisations was drawn to the Falashas. This contact initiated a period of external interference which would ultimately transform the Falashas, an Ethiopian phenomenon, into Ethiopian Jews, whose culture, religion and identity became increasingly connected with that of world Jewry. It is the purpose of this thesis to examine the external influences that implemented and continued the process of transformation in Falasha society which culminated in their eventual emigration to Israel.
  • Transmission of Collective Memory and Jewish Identity in Post-War Jewish Generations Through War Souvenirs

    Transmission of Collective Memory and Jewish Identity in Post-War Jewish Generations Through War Souvenirs

    heritage Article Transmission of Collective Memory and Jewish Identity in Post-War Jewish Generations through War Souvenirs Jakub Bronec C2DH—Luxembourg Centre for Contemporary and Digital History, University of Luxembourg, Maison des Sciences Humaines 11, Porte des Sciences, L-4366 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; [email protected] Received: 14 May 2019; Accepted: 30 June 2019; Published: 2 July 2019 Abstract: The article includes a sample of testimonies and the results of sociological research on the life stories of Jews born in the aftermath of World War II in two countries, Czechoslovakia and Luxembourg. At that time, Czechoslovak Jews were living through the era of de-Stalinization and their narratives offer new insights into this segment of Jewish post-war history that differ from those of Jews living in liberal, democratic European states. The interviews explore how personal documents, photos, letters and souvenirs can help maintain personal memories in Jewish families and show how this varies from one generation to the next. My paper illustrates the importance of these small artifacts for the transmission of Jewish collective memory in post-war Jewish generations. The case study aims to answer the following research questions: What is the relationship between the Jewish post-war generation and its heirlooms? Who is in charge of maintaining Jewish family heirlooms within the family? Are there any intergenerational differences when it comes to keeping and maintaining family history? The study also aims to find out whether the political regime influences how Jewish objects are kept by Jewish families. Keywords: Jewish family heirlooms; Jewish material culture; ritual items 1.
  • The Project Gutenberg Ebook of the Renascence of Hebrew Literature (1743-1885), by Nahum Slouschz

    The Project Gutenberg Ebook of the Renascence of Hebrew Literature (1743-1885), by Nahum Slouschz

    The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Renascence of Hebrew Literature (1743-1885), by Nahum Slouschz Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing this or any other Project Gutenberg eBook. This header should be the first thing seen when viewing this Project Gutenberg file. Please do not remove it. Do not change or edit the header without written permission. Please read the "legal small print," and other information about the eBook and Project Gutenberg at the bottom of this file. Included is important information about your specific rights and restrictions in how the file may be used. You can also find out about how to make a donation to Project Gutenberg, and how to get involved. **Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** **eBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** *****These eBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!***** Title: The Renascence of Hebrew Literature (1743-1885) Author: Nahum Slouschz Release Date: February, 2005 [EBook #7530] [Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule] [This file was first posted on May 14, 2003] Edition: 10 Language: English Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RENASCENCE HEBREW LIT. *** Produced by Charles Aldarondo, Tiffany Vergon, Blain Nelson and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. THE RENASCENCE OF HEBREW LITERATURE (1743-1885) BY NAHUM SLOUSCHZ _Translated from the French_ * * * * * TRANSLATOR'S NOTE The modern chapter in the history of Hebrew literature herewith presented to English readers was written by Dr.
  • PHILOLOGIA ARTS & Vol

    PHILOLOGIA ARTS & Vol

    COLLEGE OF LIBERALPHILOLOGIA ARTS & Vol. X HUMAN SCIENCES Undergraduate Research Journal Associate Editor: Holly Hunter Faculty Reviewer: Shaily Patel Author: Rachel Sutphin Title: The Impact of Christianity on Israel-Palestine Peace Relations ABSTRACT When analyzing the Israel-Palestine conflict, one may be tempted to focus solely on the political and historical situation of the geographic land. However, it is also important to consider the deeply embedded religious traditions of the area. When doing so, one will come across Christian Zionism, an impediment to peace. Some of the most prominent voices find validation for their narratives and actions through Christian Zionism. Zionism, in all forms, is an ideology that anchors Jews to Eretz Yisrael, the land of Biblical Israel. Some forms of Zionism include a system of balancing accumulations of land, resources, and wealth with the displacement of Palestinians. This belief that the Jews have a divineVOL. right to the X accumulation of land and resources legitimizes Zionism in their conquering of the past-legitimate Palestine. Thus, as Palestinian scholar Edward Said states, Zionism is an imported ideology in which Palestinians “pay and suffer” (Said, 1978). Christian Zionism consists of a variety of beliefs that promote and protect the Israeli state and government, while also dehumanizing the Palestinians and equating anti-Zionism with anti-Semitism. As a result, Christian Zionism is a challenging obstacle, one that is necessary to overcome to establish peace. Therefore, due to Christians being called to live peacefully (Colossians 3:15), the Christian tradition must seek and adhere to an alternative theology to Christian Zionism. Palestinian Christian Liberation Theology is a relevant way to interpret Scriptures based on the Christian tradition of peace found in the Old and New Testaments.
  • A Mobile Based Tigrigna Language Learning Tool

    A Mobile Based Tigrigna Language Learning Tool

    PAPER A MOBILE BASED TIGRIGNA LANGUAGE LEARNING TOOL A Mobile Based Tigrigna Language Learning Tool http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v9i2.4322 Hailay Kidu University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia Abstract—Mobile learning (ML) refers to the use of mobile Currently many people visit Tigray - or hope to do so and handheld IT devices such as Personal Digital Assistants one day - because of the remarkable manner in which (PDAs), mobile telephones, laptops and tablet PC technolo- ancient historical traditions have been preserved. There- gies, in teaching and learning. Mobile learning is a new form fore anybody who wishes to visit or stay in Tigray and in of learning, using mobile network and tools, expanding Eritrea can learn the language for communication in for- digital learning channel, gaining educational information, mal class from schools, colleges or Universities. But there educational resources and educational services anytime, is no why that provides learning out of the formal class anywhere .Mobile phone is superior to a computer in porta- [2][3]. bility. This technology also facilitates the learning by your- Tigrigna is the third most spoken language in Ethiopia, self process. Learning without teacher is easy in this scenar- after Amharic and Oromo, and by far the most spoken in io. The technology encourages learn anytime and anywhere. Eritrea. It is also spoken by large immigrant communities Learning a language is different from any other subject as it around the world, in countries including Sudan, Saudi combines explicit learning of vocabulary and language rules Arabia, Germany, Italy, Sweden, the United Kingdom, with unconscious skills development in the fluent applica- tion of both these things.
  • The Role of the African Diaspora in Conflict Processes

    The Role of the African Diaspora in Conflict Processes

    B ONN INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR CONVERSION • INTERNATIONALES KONVERSIONSZENTRUM BONN Agents of Peace or Agents of War? The Role of the African Diaspora in Confl ict Processes CONCEPT PAPER The Role of the African Diaspora in Conflict Processes Concept Paper (abridged English version) Of the Workshop Agents of Peace or Agents of War? The Role of the African Diaspora in Conflict Processes organized by the Ministry for Intergenerational Affairs, Family, Women and Integration of the Land of North Rhine-Westphalia in cooperation with the Bonn International Center for Conversion (BICC) INTERNATIONALES KONVERSIONSZENTRUM BONN - An der Elisabethkirche 25 BONN INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR CONVERSION (BICC) GMBH 53113 Bonn, GERMANY Phone: +49-228-911 96-0 Director: Peter J. Croll Fax: +49-228-24 12 15 Chairman of the Board: Deputy Minister Dr. Michael Stückradt E-Mail: [email protected] Register of Companies: Bonn HRB 6717 Internet: www.bicc.de Authors: Andrea Warnecke Julie Brethfeld Volker Franke BICC, April 2007 2 ANDREA WARNECKE is Junior Researcher at BICC JULIE BRETHFELD is Research Associate at BICC VOLKER FRANKE is Research Director at BICC This study was conducted by BICC with the support of the Ministry for Intergenerational Affairs, Family, Women and Integration of the Land of North Rhine-Westphalia. The authors are solely responsible for the content and for the opinions expressed therein. 3 1. INTRODUCTION 5 2. THE TERMS ‘CONFLICT PROCESS’ AND ‘DIASPORA’ 7 2.1. Conflict process 7 2.2. Diaspora 7 3. THE AFRICAN DIASPORA IN GERMANY (FOCUS NORTH RHINE-WESTPHALIA) 9 3.1. Heterogeneity and networking 10 3.2. Organizations of the African Diaspora in NRW 11 4.
  • UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations

    UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations

    UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title One Law for Us All: A History of Social Cohesion through Shared Legal Tradition Among the Abrahamic Faiths in Ethiopia Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5qn8t4jf Author Spielman, David Benjamin Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles One Law For Us All: A History of Social Cohesion through Shared Legal Tradition Among the Abrahamic Faiths in Ethiopia A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in African Studies by David Benjamin Spielman 2015 ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS One Law For Us All: A History of Social Cohesion through Shared Legal Tradition Among the Abrahamic Faiths in Ethiopia by David Benjamin Spielman Master of Arts in African Studies University of California, Los Angeles, 2015 Professor Ghislaine E. Lydon, Chair This thesis historically traces the development and interactions of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam in Ethiopia. This analysis of the interactions between the Abrahamic faiths is primarily concerned with identifying notable periods of social cohesion in an effort to contest mainstream narratives that often pit the three against each other. This task is undertaken by incorporating a comparative analysis of the Ethiopian Christian code, the Fetha Nagast (Law of Kings), with Islamic and Judaic legal traditions. Identifying the common threads weaved throughout the Abrahamic legal traditions demonstrates how the historical development and periods of social cohesion in Ethiopia were facilitated. ii The thesis of David Benjamin Spielman is approved. Allen F.