Southwest

The Lycian Coast

A Greentours Tour Report

30th March – 9th April 2013

Led by Seda Soylu

Day 1 March 30th - To

We all met up at the airport after a little delay because Tim and Lynn were directed to the International part by the security by mistake and it took time to meet them. It was a nice and sunny spring day in Dalaman that made us feel like the holiday has already started. This part of Turkey where the tourism is very high in summer was quiet these days as the season hasn’t started here yet and people were getting ready for the new season so it was the right time of the year to enjoy the wild life there without tourists around.

After a 20 minute journey to Dalyan we got to our well-located hotel by the river which has the magnificent scenery of rock tombs across the river and after people settled in their rooms we met at the deck to have some lunch against the scenery. White Storks were flying above the river while we were eating our sandwiches.

Now we were all ready to start enjoying the place with the sunshine. The boatman picked us up from the hotel and sailed us to ’’Kaunos’’ which is an ancient city of Caria and .

The journey was accompanied by the loud calls of Cetti’s Warblers in the reeds. During the boat trip to Kaunos Common Kingfisher, Great Egret, Little Egrets and Purple Herons were seen. Finally we stopped by a nice path along the river which ends with the entrance to the ancient site. It took a long time to get to the ruins as we saw many nice ferns and flowers on the rocks such as big cushions of Euphorbia acanthothamnos, Allium neapolitanum, Linaria chalepensis, Onosma fruticosa, Phlomis lycia, Orobanche pubescens, Bellevalia trifoliata, Cheilanthes catanensis and Ceterach officinalis.

A Wryneck sitting on a Tamarix tree was noticed by Tim. Woodchat Shrike and Fan-tailed Warbler are the other birds were seen while walking. Spur-thighed Tortoises were very common throughout the rujins and kept coming across them. Finally we got to the Kaunos where Campanula lyrata, Hyoscyamus aureus, Gagea graeca and Valeriana dioscoridis were decorating the walls of the ruins. Cretzschmarr’s Bunting, Black-eared Wheatear and Western Rock Nuthatch were calling on the top of the walls. The first orchid of the tour Barlia robertiana was found by David.

1 It was a bit early for butterflies but still there were some Eastern Festoons, Wall Browns, Brimstones and Painted Ladies were flying around. After spending a few hours we headed back to our hotel by boat again and we saw Little Grebes and a Purple Heron.

Day 2 March 31st - Köyceğiz Lake - Ortaca Kemaliye Village - Liquidamber Place

The morning was a bit cool but nicely fresh as we were having our breakfast. This time we were heading to Köyceğiz Lake by boat again before finishing the day on the land in the afternoon. As we were sailing close to the reeds Great Reed Warblers were calling and Penduline Tits were easily seen in the reeds even people could take their pictures. When we got to the main lake Pygmy Cormorant, Great Cormorants, many many Black-necked Grebes on the water, Little Egrets, and Marsh Harriers were flying around. Thirteen Striped-necked Terrapins (Caspian Turtle) were sitting on the edge.

First stop on a land was the Mud Springs which is nicely located across the river again. As we were coming aboard we heard the White-throated Kingfisher and luckily we could see it while it was flying just above us.

As the weather got gradually warmer we started to see butterflies flying around like Southern Swallowtail, Large Tortoiseshell, Speckled Wood, Green Hairstreak and Red Admiral. Some other people were enjoying the pool while we were refreshing with fresh orange juice. Orobanche ramosa, Orobanche pubescens, Ranunculus muricatus, small flowered Romulea columnae and Marsh Frogs in the water were lastly seen before it was time to move for us.

The lunch was at a restaurant in the town with many alternatives of Turkish food. After the lunch we drove through a village few kilometres far from Dalyan where we searched a Liquidambar forest. After we turned the way to the village we stopped at the half way and get out from our vehicle to walk the track that goes to a Pine and Oak woods. After a short search under the Oak trees deep red var. lycica was just perfectly in flower with Ophrys heterochila, Ophrys holoserica, Fritillaria acmopetala ssp. acmopetala, Fritillaria bithynica and Neotinia maculata. When we walked more we came across many nicer and fresher Tulips and Ophrys growing together. Next destination was a river covered by Liquidambar orientalis trees before we stopped for a Hoopoe and a Honey Buzzard on the way. As we were walking on the rocks at the both sides of the river we saw the nice pink and creamy coloured Onosma albo-roseum garnishing the rocks beautifully with Muscari macrocarpum located between the rocks.

It was time to move back to our hotel to eat our dinner by the nice scenery of the lake.

Day 3 April 1st - Fish traps - İztuzu Beach -

We woke to another nice and sunny day for early morning boat trip to 1 km long İztuzu beach before breakfast. As we were trying to come to ourselves a sitting Common Kingfisher on the reed made all of us wake and we enjoyed it quite a long time. We sailed through the fishtraps and saw the fishermen were already awake and started working. As soon as we stepped on the beach hundreds

2 of Yellow Wagtails took our attention, also Little Ringed Plovers, Lesser Short-toed Larks, Red- throated Pipits, Crested Larks and White Wagtails while we were hearing Sedge Warbler and Great Reed Warbler calling from the bushes. A lovely surprise to see a Kentish Plover with three chicks. Before we left two Pintails were seen on the water where the fishtraps are and a group of Garganeys kept flying above the sea until we left.

When we got nearer to the end of the beach we noted some sand flowers like Cakile maritima, Medicago marina, Lotus halophyllus and Eryngium maritimum (lvs only). After that nice morning walk on the beach our driver picked us up from the end and we headed to the hotel for the second breakfast as we had a weak one early.

It was the last day in Dalyan and time to move to the next place, Kaş. Just after the late breakfast we were on the road to Xanthos which is another ancient Lycian city located on a slope. Good place to see also many nice flowers and butterflies while walking on the path among the ruins like Serapias bergonii, Ophrys heterochila, Common Blue and Common Swallowtails. We had the lunch there with the calls of Mistle Thrush and Alpine Swifts flying in the sky. We started off before it got late as we still got a bit of a long way to get to Kaş and we all wanted to eat our dinner at a reasonable time. We had our dinner at the top of our beautiful Hotel Hideaway which has the best view of the sea in Kaş and of the Greek island Meis.

Day 4 March 2nd - Kaş - Dereköy - Sinekçibeli Pass

Another warm morning we woke to and Tim, Lynn and David didn’t miss the sun and they were coming back from an early walk that they saw Rüppell’s Warbler and Yellow-vented Bulbul which is quite common in this area as a rich breakfast was waiting for us at the terrace of the hotel. Finally we left the breakfast and sunshine for our drive to the villages above Kaş which are not so far. The way itself goes into several villages was giving us the chance of enjoying the Mediterranian bushes nicely flowering at this time of the year like Spartium junceum, Cistus creticus, Cistus salviifolius, Daphne sericea and Euphorbia characias. Our first stop was for Iris unguicularis attractively flowering under the pine trees with scattered Orchis anatolica and nice cushions of Alkanna orientalis. After some driving we stopped by a river to have a walk by the water where we found Fritillaria elwesii, Ophrys phyryganae and Anenome coronaria perfectly in flower. As we were leaving the place after an hour walk a Large Tortoiseshell posed to us on a rock for a long time.

Next stop was a path going inside the woods where I found endemic Ophrys lycica with last year’s group, no luck this time though. We were still lucky to find a perfect specimen of Ophrys iricolor, Orchis italica and a tall Neotinia maculata. It was time to move just before noticing the Ornithogalum nutans and Ornithogalum umbellatum in a field. We stopped by a cemetery for orchid hunting and just a few minutes later we had seen 12 different orchids in that same small cemetery. The new ones for the trip were Orchis syriaca, Orchis papilionacea, Orchis simia, Ophrys sicula, Ophrys cinereophylla, Ophrys speculum and Limodorum abortivum.

3 Lunch stop was by a pine woodland that produced some new flowers like Ophrys umbilicata and Fumana arabica.

This time we headed towards higher areas to find some alpine flowers. We drove to Sinekçibeli Pass where some flowers first recorded for the trip from this area. When we got high enough we noticed many nice flowers on the rocks and stopped to search. We found big cushions of Aubrieta canescens decorating the rocks with Veronica cymbalaria, Viola heldrechiana, Erophila verna, Arabis caucasica, Euphorbia anacampseros and Lamium garganicum. We extended this stop to search the hill and luckily we did as we found Anenome blanda in white and blue colours, Cyclamen alpinum, Muscari anatolica, Scilla bifolia and many freshly flowering Fritillaria serpenticola. Green Woodpeckers were calling and two Hoopoes flew across in front of us. It was difficult to leave this nice flowery area. We took the road that goes down to Kalkan then to Kaş with spectacular views of the villages and the fields.

Day 5 March 3rd - Kekova Bay - -

Our last morning in Kaş and we woke to a showery day this time. Before breakfast Tim, David and I went on a short walk by the sea to enjoy the last new orchid of the area which was Ophrys regis- ferdinandii, plus we found Gladiolus italicus.

After having our breakfast we left our hotel and its delightful view to head east. Kekova, which is a small island, was today’s visiting place after we drove a bit higher again around Kaş area. We stopped by Cedar trees to find the Krüper’s Nuthatch we were hearing its call. Finally we got it and had a very nice, long view. This time moving higher didn’t work much with flowers except shiny pink Silene cryptoneaura but on the way back to the main road bird activity was pretty good and we saw Golden Orioles, Goldfinches, Black-eared Wheatears, a Lesser Kestrel, and a Booted Eagle.

The lunch was by a pine woods few kilometres before Kekova Bay. Rüppell’s Warbler was the first to draw our attention as we were setting up the picnic. Lynn came back with a smiley face and she took us inside the woods to show us maybe one hundred Pine Processionary Caterpillars which is the most destructive species of pines and cedars in Turkey marching in order.

We moved to Kekova Bay after lunch and luckily weather was getting warmer and no showers anymore. We stopped at the northern of the island where there is an ancient town destroyed by an earthquake during the 2nd century. We started walking along a lovely path curling up into the ruins and had to stop just at the beginning to watch the Glossy Ibis in the water with Sand Martins flying all around. Of course we kept botanising at the same time and the path was decorated with Aristolochia hirta, Parentucellia latifolia, Serapias bergonii, and Lupinus varius.

We were on our road again to stop by a wetland near the village Demre where we saw Black-winged Stilts, Little Stint, Moorhens, Greenshanks, Redshanks, Spotted Redshank, Marsh Sandpiper, Wood Sandpiper, Little Ringed Plovers and a Knot in the water, a Hen Harrier flying above them. Now it was time to drive to our next hotel in Finike and Tim was the luckiest he saw the Dolphins on the sea and Blue Rock Thrush we all saw just near the hotel.

4 Day 6 April 4th - Avlan Lake - Ördübek

Another sunny morning while we were leaving our hotel. We went to the north, to a lake named Avlan, surrounded with cedar forest and apple orchards located at the altitude of 1030 m. There were still some snowy patches on the slopes of the mountains that made us excited for the possibility of finding new alpine flowers.

We parked our vehicle just by the lake and started our delightful bird watching in the cool weather. Great Crested Grebes, Ruddy Shelducks, Pochards, Grey Herons, Pintail, Mallard, Coot and Egrets were noted on the water and also Serins were singing around. While people were enjoying the birds I walked up into the cedar forest above the lake and just few metres were enough to find a good amount of population of Fritillaria kitanea with cushions of Aubretia canescens and Arabis caucasica. I walked back fast and took people to the Fritillaria point which wasn’t too high. As people were taking pictures of the Fritillarias especially one that had a beautiful position on an Acantholimon sp. cushion a Krüper’s Nuthach was singing loudly around us but we were not lucky this time to see it. It was time for lunch and as we were driving to a nice limestone slope where I was planning to have the picnic we couldn’t resist to stop at the other side of the lake to see more birds. Finsch’s Wheatear, Alpine Swifts, Pallid Swifts and Common Swifts were the new ones for the list. The lunch was at a nice place near Juniperus excelsa trees and had lots of comfortable limestone rocks we used as seats and table. Veronica cymbalaria was decorating the rocks with Saxifraga tridactylites and Cyclamen alpinum. During a short walk after lunch we added Muscari muscarimi on our list.

Next destination was a yayla named Ördübek where still snowy areas could be seen while driving to the lake. Tim noticed a Goshawk flying past. Our first stop was by the road where we saw a beautiful form of the Ajuga bombyciana on the rocks with Onosma frutescens, Lamium garganicum and Alyssum sp. The cedar forest was irresistable for us and we were right as this time we found Fritillaria carica in a very good condition mixed with Fritillaria kitanae giving us nice shots together.

Next stop was just a few metres later in a beautiful cedar forest with masses of limestone rocks beautifully positioned in the forest. During our walk inside the forest we saw many nice flowers like Orchis sezikiana, Doronicum orientale and very good forms of Corydalis tauricola. Before we head to our hotel we walked down the road for about an hour and enjoy photograhphing the flowers decorating the rocks.

Day 7 April 5th - Gülmez Dağı – Limyra

After eating our breakfast with the nice scenery of the seaport we were ready to drive today’s destination which is the mountain just above the town. It was a narrow, zigzaggy road goes to the mountain so we were slow enough to catch the nice on the roadside as David did. He noticed the beautiful pink and white flowered Anthemis rosea group on the road side that was our first excuse to stop. Second was for two Short-toed Eagles flying spotted by Judith this time. Northern Wheaters and Black-eared Wheaters were everywhere and a lovely Krüper's Nutchatch was posing for us while it was tapping the bark of a Pine tree with a few shiny, purple coloured Romulea temskyanas trying to catch some sunshine under it. After some walking our driver managed to drive further

5 without us in it and he picked us up and drove the hills successfully. Many beautiful forms of Muscari muscarimi having many different colour comibinations like white and pale purple, pure white or whitish-brownish flowered under the pine tress.

After lunch we stopped for yellow and purple flowered Viola arvensis nicely growed on the rocks. The picnic was under a huge pine tree which provided us the shade we needed.That picnic stop produced two more orchids; Orchis fragrans (nearly in flower) and Ophrys lyciensis and some more Neotinia maculata and so many beautiful forms of Fritillaria elwesii flowering among the dead pine needles on the ground. Scops Owl was calling somewhere. Before we moved a Nettle-tree Butterfly was seen just at the picnic place. Our next destination after the lunch was another small ancient city of Lycians named Limyra where we found Agama Lizards (Leudakia stellio) doing their push ups, some of them sunbathing.

Cymbalaria longipes and Allium subhirsitum were the most attractive fowers clothing centuries-old rocks spread through the ruins. Ornate Bluet dragonflies and Chinese Mug Moth were seen around the small pool. Before we left the place Lyn spotted our new bird; A Masked Shrike on a tree and one Hoopoe was seen flying. It was time to go our hotel and keep birdwatching by the harbour. We all met in an hour and walked just at the end of the harbour to watch the different Gulls closer like Mediterranean, Yellow-legged Herring, Lesser Black-backed and Audouin’s Gull.

Day 8 April 6th - Beşikçi - Belen - Adrasan - Olympos - Chimeara

We left the well-located hotel by the harbour in Finike at about 8.30 a.m and headed east with weather getting warmer gradually. Our first stop was a cemetery in a small village where we used to see many orchids growing in it but this time we were not lucky as we found the same orchids and not just a few like Ophrys lyciensis, Ophrys heterochila, Limodorum abortivum, Serapias bergonii and Barlia robertiana.

We hit the road again driving to a nice pine tree area where we got enough with fresh, delightful orchids like Ophrys reinholdii, Ophrys ferrum-equinum and Ophrys umbilicata and many others we’ve already seen. The place was good for butterflies. We saw many Eastern Festoons flying around the Asphodelus aestivus flowers and Green Hairstreak was also seen. It was difficult to leave this beautiful area but it was time to move to the nearest village named Adrasan. We stopped by a pine plantation area by the sea where we found the beautifully scattered Tulipa orphanidae under the pines. A nice group of tulips were covering a gully and a Tree Frog was resting on an Erica bush and at the same time posing for the cameras quite a long time without being bothered. While Tim was coming for the frog he saw a dead Glass Snake on the road. We scanned the reeds before we left the area and saw another Masked Shrike.

We drove a road that goes to next village named Olympos and the lunch was next to another pine plantaion area where more nice forms of Fritillaria acmopetala, Fritillaria elwesii, Oprhys umbilicata, Oprhys ferrum-equinum and Serapias bergonii were seen.

6 In Turkey, in some places local people are digging the Orchid to make icecream and unfortunately we came across some of them while eating our lunch. The only thing I could do was calling the Jandarma rural police in Turkey. They came quickly and they did the only thing which is warning people not to do it again. We were on the road again for finding the attractive Lathyrus belinensis endemic to this area and just after a short drive we found them decorating the banks, and shining under the sun.

Last stop was Chimaera a must see place for its extraordinary geology that features flames coming out from the ground and surrounded with the ancient temples near the Olympos valley. A 1km path goes up to the ruins and flames and we walked it slowly while we were looking at the wildlife around. We saw some new flowers like pretty patches of Alyssum discolour on the rocks and Hypericum montbretii. Finally we got to the flames and enjoyed it about half an hour before we moved to our beautiful hotel which is a well decorated and nicely located on Mount Olimpos.

Day 9 April 7th - - Sundance - Üçoluk

Nice morning with fresh mountain weather and fabulous smells coming from the dining hall. As we all met for breakfast Tim and Lynn had a great surprise for us, also for everybody at the Lodge, they had many moths in their moth trap that they organised with the owners of the hotel. A Giant Peacock, Silver Cloud and Striped Hawkmoth were among them. After we finished the delicious breakfast with so many varieties of foods like fresh fruits of the season grow around the area and many varieties of dry fruits and jams we were ready to head to the sea and to Phaselis. Red-Rumped Swallow was seen around the Lodge.

Phaselis is another perfectly set up town by Rhodians first and used as an important harbour by Lycians because of its location that facilitates commerce with the nearest countries. As we were set to go for two hours visit in the area David noticed a Common Kingfisher sitting on a reed by the small pool and after he left us and walked into the pine woods he found an Earthstar (Astreaus hygrometricus) displaying its characteristic shape. As we started to walk towards the theatre a group of pink poppies Papaver gracilis grew near the ladders that go to theatre took our attention. Lunch was at a restaurant at the opposite coast of Phaselis named Sundance. Some of us prefered to walk on the path that goes there inside the woods and the others went by the vehicle. Many nice flowers of Limodorum abortivum and Tuberaria guttata were seen during the walk on the path and many others we’d already seen before.

After we had our lunch we walked by the river by the restaurant where we saw Common Sandpiper, Green Sandpiper, two Night Herons and Yellow Vented Bulbuls. A Southern Swallowtail flew fast in front of us. Last and the most delightful stop was a yayla above our hotel which was covered with many beautifully shaped limestone rocks and Cedar and Juniper trees where we were amazed with the spectacular display of the flowers growing between the rocks and forming nice groups together like very huge population of Fritillaria carica both normal yellow ones and also orangy forms of it, Scilla bifolia, Gagea granatellii, Corydalis wendelboi, Corydalis erdelii and Viola heldrechiana were seen.

7 When we moved a little bit further after spending an hour at our first stop this time we parked our vehicle for another hour to see the beautiful Romulea bulbocodium ssp. croceas just flowering on a snow patch with Ornithogalum lanceolatum and Eranthys hyemalis. Unfortunately it was time to leave that beautiful place before we stopped for a Short-toed Eagle flying above the high rocks.

Day 10 April 8th - Tahtalı Mountain - Kemer Valley

We were not lucky with the weather at our last day of the tour but still it was OK. Tim came to breakfast not feeling good that morning and wanted stay and rest at the hotel with Lynn. So me, David and Judith were ready to move for a jeep trip throuıgh the Tahtalı Mountains (local name of the Olimpos Mountain).

We met the driver of the jeep at Gedelme and had an enjoyable trip in the cool, fresh mountain weather. Nice patches of Muscari anatolica growing on the rocks and ground with Doronicum orientalis. First stop was near a very old orientalus tree which attracted us a lot. Then we got to our main destination where we had our picnic and spent about three hours there. The search around the area didn’t give us new flowers but we saw many nice groups of Aubrieta canescens, Scilla bifolia, Corydalis wendelboi and Anemone blanda nicely in flower. We spread in that beautiful place and had a nice walk before the picnic.

When we got back tea was waiting for us at the right time with a nice picnic made by our driver. As we drove higher this time we stopped for a Rock Thrush that let us even to take its pictures. We walked the road back for a while and saw only one Colchicum triphyllum nearly finishing and some Galanthus elwesii still in a good condition. It was time to head to Kemer Valley as the weather was getting cooler. We kept driving with our vehicle the way down from Gedelme to Kemer Valley and stopped several times by the road. First stop was for Astragalus lusitanicus growing by the road and also Gynandris sisyrichiums and more Fritillaria acmopetala. As we walked just a bit inside the woods we found Aristolochia lycica growing like it wants to hide from people. Next stop for a short walk by the river where we saw Ophrys iricolor, Ophrys ferrum equinum and some nice flowers of Orchis italica. The days surprise was Epipactis kurdica just flowering by the road side and we found an open one soon growing with the Ophrys climacis which was just finishing. Last stop was a cemetary covered with olive trees that we saw our last orchid, Orchis sancta just flowering. We finished the day with the delicious food at our hotel one more time.

Day 11 April 9th - Departure

We headed this morning to the airport and said our farewells after a very enjoyable and productive tour.

8 Systematic List Number 1 The Flora

The majority of the nomenclature has been taken from the Turkish Flora (edited by P H Davis). Non-woody dicot and monocot species are in flower unless otherwise stated.

Aceraceae Acer platanoides Norway Maple scattered; Adrasan, Kemer valley Acer sempervirens Acer monspessulanum Kemer Valley

Aizoaceae Carpobrotus edulis Red Hottentot Fig Dalyan, Adrasan and coast near Phaselis Anacardiaceae Pistacia lentiscus Mastic Tree scattered throughout [leaves pinnate without an end leaflet, rachis winged]; coast near Sundance Pistacia terebrinthus Terebrinth Scattered throughout [leaves pinnate with an end leaflet, rachis unwinged]; Xanthos Apiaceae Apium nodiflorum scattered; Kaunos, Olympos Artedia squamata Kemer Valley Eryngium maritimum Sea Holly lvs; Iztuzu beach, beach near Sundance Ferula communis around Dalyan area Oenanthe pimpinelloides scattered; Kaunos, Kekova Bay Scandix pecten-veneris Shepherd’s-needle widespread; around Dalyan, Kaş Tordylium apulum Tordylium widespread; Kekova Bay, Finike area Torilis nodosa Limyra

Apocynaceae Nerium oleander Oleander widespread near the coasts Vinca major Greater Periwinkle widespread many planted

Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia hirta Kekova bay Aristolochia lycica Kemer Valley

Asteraceae Anthemis ammophila Anthemis chia widespread [Flw bracts with brown margins]; Kaş area Anthemis cretica widespread Anthemis rosea carnea stunning! Pink daisy around Finike area and Chimera

9 Bellis perennis Daisy scattered Calendula arvensis scattered Chrysanthemum coronarium scattered; Kaş area, Kekova Bay Chrysanthemum segetum Finike area Cirsium arvense Avlan lake Cnicus benedictus St Benedict’s Thiatle Kaş area, Avlan lake Crepis sancta scattred; Dalyan area Doronicum orientale Ördübek, lvs in Tahtalı mountains Echinops onopordum Üçolouk?? Helichrysum stoechas scattered; Dalyan and Kaş area Matricaria matricarioides Phaselis Pallenis spinosa not in flower yet Phagnalon graecum widespread; Dalyan and Kaş area Ptilostemon chamaepeuce widespread on cliffs etc; Phaselis, Kaş Tragopogon porrifolius scattered; Adrasan, Olympos Senecio vernalis widespread Senecio vulgaris Common Groundsel widespread Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-Thistle Dalyan area, Phaselis

Berberidaceae Leontice leontopetalum Dereköy, Üçoluk yayla

Boraginaceae Alkanna orientalis Dereköy Anchusa aggregata beach at Sundance Anchusa azurea Large Blue Alkannet Phaselis, Kaş area Anchusa undulata hybrida scattered throughout; Üçoluk Yayla, Kaş area Cynoglossum creticum Blue Houndstongue scattered; Kaunos, Olympos Echium angustifolium Kaş area Echium plantagineum Purple Viper’s-Bugloss scattered; Dalyan area, Olympos Lithospernum arvensis Corn Gromwell scattered; Üçoluk, Kemer valley,Sinekçibeli Pass Myosotis alpestris Ördübek Yayla Onosma albo-roseum on the rocks near the river in Ortaca Onosma frutescens Scattered; Kaunos, Kaş area

Brassicaceae Alyssum discolor Chiemera Alyssum minus Tahtalı Mountains Alyssum strigosum Sinekçibeli pass, Avlan lake Arabis caucasica Scattered; Sinekçibeli pass, Ördübek Arabis verna Spring Rockcress Sinekçibeli pass, Tahtalı Mountains Aubretia canescens Sinekçibeli Pass, Tahtalı Mountains Biscutella Biscutella widespread Brassica oleracea Kemer Valley Cakile maritima Iztuzu beach

10 Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd’s-purse scattered Cardamine graeca widespread; Üçoluk yayla Erophila verna Early Whitlow Grass Sinekçibeli pass,Tahtalı Mountains Eruca sativa scattered; Dalyan area, Kaş area Isatis tinctoria Finike area Malcolmia flexuosa on the rocks around Phaselis Mathiola tricuspidata Sundance Ricotia sinuata Kaş Area, along coast road near Phasel Thlaspi perfoliatum Kemer Valley

Cactaceae Opuntia ficus-indica Prickly Pear Scattered

Campanulaceae Campanula drabifolia widespread; Kaunos, Kaş area Campanula lyrata on the rocks around Dalyan area Campanula phrygia Scattered; Kaunos

Caryophyllaceae Cerastium glomeratum Scattered; Dereköy Petrohagia velutina scattered; Dalyan area, Kekova bay Silene aegyptiaca Scattered throughout; Tahtalı Mountains Silene behen Dalyan area, Limyra Silena colorata Xanthos Silene cryptoneura Sinekçibeli pass, Üçoluk yayla

Cistaceae Cistus creticus widespread at low altitudes Cistus salvifolius Sage-leaved Cistus widespread at low altitudes Fumana arabica Fumana scattered; Phaselis, Olympos Tuberaria guttata Phaselis

Convolvulaceae Convolvulus arvensis Finike area Convolvulus siculus Kekova Bay

Crassulaceae Rosularia globularifolia reasonably common in low rocky areas; Phaselis Sedum littoreum Finike Umbilicus erectus Dalyan area Umbilicus rupestris scattered; Chimera, Phaselis

11 Dipsacaceae Scabiosa atropurpurea ssp. maritime Dalyan area

Ericaceae Arbutus andrachne Locally common Erica manupuliflora scattered in coastal regions; only lvs

Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia acanthothamnos on the rocks around Dalyan area Euphorbia anacampseros Sinekçibeli Pass, Tahtalı mountains Euphorbia characias ssp. wulfeni widespread Euphorbia dendroides local along the coast Euphorbia helioscopia scattered throughout Euphorbia peplus Petty Spurge scattered Euphorbia platypetala scattered; Dalyan area Mercurialis annua Annual Dogs Mercury Scattered Mercurialis perennis Perennial Dogs Mercury Kemer valley

Fabaceae Acacia cyanophylla roadsides Anagyris foetida scattered throughout; Kaş area(lvs) Astragalus lusitanicus Kemer Valley Bituminaria bituminosa Pitch Trefoil widespread; Dalyan and Kaş area Calycotome villosa Spiny Broom widespread Ceratonia siliqua Carob Locally common Cercis siliquastrum Jacob Tree Dereköy Colutea melanocalyx Dereköy, Kemer Valley Coronilla cretica widespread at low altitude Coronilla parviflora widespread at low altitude Coronilla emerus Scorpion Senna Kemer Valley Genista acanthoclada Kekova Bay, Olympos Hymenocarpus circinnatus Disc Trefoil scattered Lathyrus annus Kekova bay Lathyrus aphaca Yellow Vetchling Phaselis, Adrasan Lathyrus belinensis Locally common endemic near Olimpos and Belen Lathyrus blepharicarpus Ördübek Yayla Lathyrus digitatus Tahtalı mountains Lathyrus setifolius Kaunos Lathyrus stenophyllus Xanthos Lotus halophilus Sundance Lupinus varius Kekova Bay Medicago arabica scattered throughout; Phaselis Medicago littoralis widespread on coasts Medicago marina Iztuzu beach Medicago minima Limyra

12 Medicago orbicularis scattered; Dalyan area, Olympos Melilotus officinalis Dereköy Ononis natrix Kaş area, Olimpos area Pisum sativum Wild Pea scattered; Dalyan area Spartium junceum Spanish Broom widespread Scorpiurus muricatus Phaselis, Kemer valley Trifolium campestre Hop Trefoil coastal areas mainly Trifolium clypeatum Shield Clover scattered; Dalyan area Trifolium physodes widespread Trifolium stellatum Star Clover Dalya area, Kaş area Trifolium tomentosum Woolly Trefoil locally very common Trigonella corniculata widespread Vicia cassia Xanthos, Olimpos area Vicia cracca Xanthos Vicia cypria Gülmez mountain Vicia hybrida Hairy Yellow Vetchling scattered; Dalyan area Vicia sativa Common Vetch scattered

Fagaceae Qouercus cerris Turkey Oak Kaş area Quercus coccifera Kermes Oak widespread Quercus infectoria scattered; Kaş area

Geraniaceae Erodium acaule Dalyan area Erodium ciconium Dalyan area Erodium cicutarium Common Stork’s-bill widespread Erodium gruinum Long-beaked Storksbill scattered Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Cranesbill scattered; Kaş area, Dalyan area Geranium lucidum Shining Cranesbill scattered; Dereköy Geranium purpureum Herb Robert scattered; Tahtalı mountains Geranium robertianum scattered; Tahtalı mountains Geranium rotundifolium Round-leaved Cranesbill scattered

Hypericaceae Hypericum montbretii Chiemera

Juglanaceae Juglans regia Walnut Scattered, esp. in gardens

Lamiaceae Ajuga orientalis widespread; Dereköy, Adrasan Ajuga bombycina Ördübek yayla Ajuga chamaepitys Ground-Pine Sinekçibeli Pass Lamium amplexicaule Henbit Deadnettle widespread

13 Lamium garganicum Dereköy; Ördübek yayla Lamium album Ördübek yayla, Tahtalı mountains Lavandula stoechas French Lavender locally abundan Mentha aquatica Water Mint Kemer valley Phlomis bourgaei Adrasan area Phlomis chimerae Olimpos area, near Antalya Phlomis lycia Scattered; Dalyan area Prasium majus Prasium Dalyan area Salvia fruticosa Kaş area Salvia viridis Red-topped Sage coastal areas in the main; Dalyan area Satureja thymbra Satureja widespread; Olympos area Stachys arvensis Olympos area Teucrium brevifolium Kaş area

Lauraceae Laurus nobilis widespread

Linaceae Linum bienne Pale Flax Xanthos

Malvaceae Malva cretica scattered; Dalyan area, Kaş area Malva sylvestris Kekova bay Lavatera cretica Scattered; Kekova bay

Moraceae Ficus carica Fig widespread

Myrtaceae Eucalyptus species planted Myrtus communis widespread

Oleaceae Olea europea Olive widespread

Orobanchaceae Orobanche ramosa Branched Broomrape scattered; Dalyan area, Adrasan Orobanche pubescens scattered; Dalyan area

Oxalidaceae Oxalis corniculata scattered Oxalis pres-caprae Bermuda Buttercup Kaş area

14 Papaveraceae Fumaria capreolata scattered; Kekova bay Fumaria parviflora Scattered; Dalyan area, Finike Corydalis erdelii Üçoluk yayla Corydalis tauricola Ördübek yayla Corydalis wendelboi Sinekçibeli Pass, Tahtalı M. Hypecoum procumbens Ördübek yayla Papaver gracilis Phaselis Papaver dubium widespread, Kaş area Papaver rhoeas Corn Poppy local in lowlands

Plantaginaceae Plantago cretica Olympos Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain widespread Plantago major Greater Plantain widespread

Platanaceae Platanus orientalis Oriental Plane locally common

Polygonaceae Rumex acetosa Kaunos Rumex bucephalophorus Bull’s-head Dock scattered; Chimera

Primulaceae Anagallis arvensis Scarlet Pimpernel scattered; Dalyan area; Adrasan Cyclamen alpinum Sinekçibeli P., Ördübek yayla, Üçoluk Yayla, Tahtalı Mountains Cyclamen graecum in leaf Phaselis

Ranunculaceae Anemone blanda Sinekçibeli Pass, Tahtalı M. Anemone coronaria scattered in the lowlands Clematis flammula Kemer valley Eranthis hyemalis Tahtalı M. Ranunculus ficaria Ördübek yayla, Tahtalı M. Ranunculus isthmicus stepporum locally common ; Dalyan area Ranunculus millefoliatus Kaş area Ranunculus muricatus Dalyan area Ranunculus trichophyllus Kekova bay

Rhamnaceae Paliurus spina-cristi scattered Rhus coriaria ??Dalyan area

15 Rosaceae Aphanes arvensis Ördübek yayla Crataegus nummularia Tahtalı M. Sanquisorba minor scattered Sarcopoterium spinosum locally common

Rubiaceae Galium aparine Cleavers widespread; Xanthos, Kaş area Sherardia arvensis Sherardia widespread Valantia hispida widespread

Saxifragaceae Saxifraga tridactylites Ördübek yayla, Tahtalı M.

Scrophulariaceae Cymbalaria longipes widespread on rocks; Limyra Linaria chalepensis scattered throughout; Dalyan area Olympos Linaria iconia Ortaca Misopates orontium Weasel’s Snout Dalyan area, Kemer Valley Parentucellia latifolia widespread and locally dominant Parentucellia viscosa Yellow Bartsia scattered; Kekova bay Scrophularia lucida scattered; Dalyan are, Kemer valley Scrophularia peregrina scattered; Kekoba bay, Phaselis Verbascum cheiranthifolium Dereköy, Finike area Verbascum levantina Kekova bay, Olympos Verbascum sinuatum ??Ortaca Veronica anagallis-aquatica scattered; Adrasan Veronica arvensis scattered; Avlan lake Veronica catenata Pink Water Speedwell Kemer valley Veronica cymbalaria White Speedwell widespread; Sinekçibeli P., Ördübek yayla

Solanaceae Hyoscyamus aureus Kaunos, Phaselis Mandragora officinalis Mandrake Dereköy (lvs only)

Styracaceae Styrax officinalis Storax widespread; Kaunos, Chimera

Tamaricaceae Tamarix smyrnensis Dalyan area, Adrasan & Phaselis

Thymelaeaceae Daphne gnidioides widespread; Kaunos, Olympos Daphne sericea scatteres throughout, Kaunos, Dereköy

16 Ulmaceae Ulmus carpiniifolia Dalyan area

Valerianaceae Valeriana dioscoridis scattered; Dereköy, Kemer Valley Valerianella obtusiloba Olympos

Violaceae Viola arvensis Gülmez M., Adrasan Viola heldreichiana Scattered; Sinekçibeli P., Üçoluk yayla Viola odorata Dalyan area

Monocotyledons

Amaryllidaceae Galanthus elwesii Tahtalı M. Narcissus tazetta Belen Urginea maritime widespread (lvs only)

Araceae Arisarum vulgare Friar’s Cowl Kaunos, Kemer valley Arum dioscoridis scattered, Kaş area, Limyra Dracunculus vulgaris Dragon Arum lvs only seen - Dereköy, Andriake

Dioscoraceae Tamus communis Black Bryony Sundance

Graminaceae Briza maxima Large Quaking Grass scattered; Xanthos, Olympos Briza media Chimera Lagurus ovatus scattered Piptatherum virescens Dalyan area, Chimera

Iridaceae Crocus biflorus isuaricus Tahtali M. Gladiolus italicus Kekova bay Gynandriris sisyrinchium Ortaca, Kemer valley Iris germanica cultivated; Dereköy Iris purpureobractea In bud on Alacadağ Iris unguicularis carica Kaş area, Olimpos area Iris xanthospuria Limyra Romulea tempskyana Beycik Romulea bulbocodium ssp. crocea Üçoluk Y. Romulea columnae Dalyan area

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Juncaceae Juncus acutus Dalyan area, Sundance

Liliaceae Allium neapolitanum Dalyan area Allium subhirsutum widespread; İztuzu beach, Limyra Asparagus acutifolius widespread; Olympos Asphodelus aestivus widespread Asphodeline lutea Üçoluk Y. Bellevalia tauri Kaş area Bellevalia trifoliata scattered; Dalyan area, Olympos Colchicum triphyllum Tahtalı M. Drimia maritima leaves only Fritillaria acmopetala acmopetala widespread – Ortaca, Olympos Fritillaria bithynica Ortaca Fritillaria carica Ördübek Y., huge population around Üçoluk Y. Fritillaria elwesii Kaş area, Gülmez M. Fritillaria kitanae Avlan Lake , Ördübek Y. Fritillaria serpenticola Sinekçibeli pass Gagea granatelli Ördübek Y., Üçoluk Y. Gagea graeca Dalyan area, Phaselis Gagea peduncularis Sinekçibeli Pass, Kemer Valley Hyacinthus orientalis Sinekçibeli Pass, Tahtalı M. Muscari anatolicum Sinekçibeli pass, Tahtalı M. Muscari comosum Tassel Hyacinth scattered; Dalyan area, Kaş area Muscari latifolium Alacadağ Muscari muscarimi Ördübek Y., Gülmez M. Muscari macrocarpum Ortaca Ornithogalum lanceolatum Üçoluk Y. Ornithogalum montanum Üçoluk Yayla Ornithogalum narbonense Dalyan area Ornithogalum nutans Dereköy Ornithogalum oligophyllum Ördübek Yaylası Ornithogalum umbellatum scattered; Kaş area Ruscus aculeatus scattered; Kaş area Scilla bifolia Sinekçibeli P., Tahtalı M. Smilax aspera scattered, common at low altitudes Tulipa orphanidea Çıralı Tulipa armena var. lycica Ortaca

Orchidaceae Cephalanthera kurdica Kurdish Helleborine Kemer Valley Limodorum abortivum Violet Limodore scattered,Dereköy, Phaselis Neotinea maculate Ortaca, Gülmez M. Ophrys climacis Kemer Valley

18 Ophrys cinereophila a good population near Belen Ophrys ferrum-equinum ssp.labiosa Kemer Valley Ophrys heterochila Ortaca, Olympos Ophrys holoserica Ortaca Ophrys iricolor Rainbow Ophrys Dereköy, Kemer Valley Ophrys lyciensis Common Ophrys omegifera ssp. israelitica nearly finishing around Dereköy Ophrys phryganae Dereköy Ophrys regis-ferdinandii Kaş area Ophrys reinholdii scattered; Belen, Kemer Valley Ophrys sicula scattered; Dereköy, Belen Ophrys speculum Dereköy Ophrys straussii Belen Ophrys umbilicata Dereköy, Belen, Olympos Orchis anatolica Anatolian Orchid scattered throughout Orchis fragrans in bud in Gülmez M. Orchis italica Naked Man Orchid scattered; Dereköy, Olympos Orchis papilionacea Pink Butterfly Orchid Dereköy Orchis sancta Holy Orchid in bud in Kemer Valley Orchis sezikana Ördübek yayla Orchis simia Monkey Orchid Dereköy Orchis syriaca locally common; Dereköy Barlia robertiana Giant Orchid Kaunos, Belen Serapias bergonii locally common

Pteridophyta Adiantum capillus-veneris Maidenhair Fern Kaunos, Dereköy Asplenium ceterach Rusyback Fern common Ceterach officinarum Dalyan area Cheilanthes catanensis Kaunos Selaginella denticulata Dalyan area

Cupressaceae Cupressus sempervirens widespread Juniperus foetidissima widespread Juniperus oxycedrus scattered Juniperus excelsa widespread

Pinaceae Cedrus libani Cedar-of-Lebanon frequent to dominant at higher altitudes Pinus brutia Calabrian Pine dominant at low to mid levels Pinus pinea Stone Pine coastal

19 Systematic List Number 2 Birds

The and order of the following list largely follows Voous (1977, List of Recent Holarctic Bird Species). Many of the bird identifications made by the help of Tim Norris and many of them were noted by him.

Little Grebe Tachbaptus ruficollis Dalyan area Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus 10 Avlan Lake Black Necked Grebe Podiceps nigricolis Köyceğiz Lake Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo Scattered;Dalyan,Avlan lake Pygmy Cormorant Phalacrocorax pygmeus Köyceğiz Lake Night Heron Nyticorax nyticorax 2 Sundance Grey Heron Ardea cinerea Dalyan area, 15 Avlan Lake Purple Heron Ardea purpurea Dalyan area, 1 Avlan lake Little Egret Egretta garzetta Scattered; Dalyan area, Avlan lake, Andriake Great White Egret Ardea alba Dalyan area, Avlan Lake White Stork Ciconia ciconia Dalyan area Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea 4 Avlan Lake Garganey Anas querquedula ~80 Dalyan area Mallard Anas plathyrhyncos Dalyan area, Avlan Lake Pintail Anas acuta Dalyan area, Avlan Lake Pochard Aythya farina 2 Avlan Lake Booted Eagle Aquila minuta Kaş area, Üçoluk yayla Short-toed Eagle Circaetus gallicus 2 Üçoluk yayla Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus Dalyan area Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus Finike area Goshawk Accipiter gentilis Sinekçibeli Pass, Ördübek Yayla Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus Sinekçibeli pass Common Buzzard Buteo buteo Dalyan area, en route to Kekova Bay to Andriake Honey Buzzard Pernis apivorus Ortaca Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus Scattered; Ortaca, Finike area Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni 2 En route to Kekova ba Water Rail Rallus aquaticus Heard Moorhen Gallinula chloropus Common; Dalyan area, Phaselis Coot Fulica atra Common Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus Kekova bay, Avlan lake Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola Kaunos Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius İztuzu beach, Andriake, Sundance Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus İztuzu beach Little stint Calidrus minuta Andriake Knot Calidrus canutus Andriake Jack snipe Lymnocryptes minimus Kaunos Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus Andriake Common Redshank Tringa totanus Andriake Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis Andriake

20 Greenshank Tringa nebularia Andriake Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus Sundance Wood sandpiper Tringa graleola Andriake Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos Andriake Mediterranean Gull Larus melanocephalus 52 Finike Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus Dalyan area Audouin’s Gull Larus audounii 5 Finike Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus 4 Kekova bay, 2 Finike Yellow-legged Herring Gull Larus cachinnans Common Slender-billed Gull Chroicocephalus genei Dalyan area Sandwich Tern Sterna sandivicensis Kekova bay Common Tern Sterna hirundo Kekova bay Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto Common Rock Dove Columba livia Kaş area Cuckoo Cuculus canorus Heard at dalyan area, Dereköy Common Swift Apus apus Common; Kaş area, Avlan lake Pallid swift Apus pallidus Avlan lake Alpine Swift Apus melba Scattered; Xanthos, Finike Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis Dalyan area, Phaselis White-throated Kingfisher Halycon smynensis Dalyan area Hoopoe Upupa epops Common; Dalyan area, Sinekçibeli pass Wryneck Jynx torquilla Kaunos Green Woodpecker Picus viridus Heard only at Sinekçibeli Pass Short-toed Lark Calandrella brachydactyla 6 İztuzu beach, 2 Sinekçibeli pass Crested Lark Galerida cristata Scattered; Kaş area Wood Lark Lullula arborea Dereköy Crag Martin Ptyonoprogne rupestris Dereköy Swallow Hirundo rustica Common Red-rumped Swallow Hirundo daurica Beycik House Martin Delichon urbica Common Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris Belen Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis Belen Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis Üçoluk yayla Red-throated Pipit Anthus cervinus 6 İztuzu beach Black-headed Wagtail Motacilla (flava) feldegg İztuzu beach Blue-headed Wagtail Motacilla flava ~700 at İztuzu beach Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea İztuzu beach White Wagtail Motacilla alba Common Yellow-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus xanthopygus Kaş area, Sundance Wren Troglodytes troglodytes Dalyan area Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos Ortaca, Dereköy (heard) Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros Dalyan area Whinchat Saxicola rubetra Iztuzu beach, Kaş area, Limyra Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe Scattered; Dalyan area, Limyra Black-eared Wheatear Oenanthe hispanica Scattered; Dalyan area, Limyra, Üçoluk yayla Finch’s Wheatear Oenanthe finschii Avlan Lake Blackbird Turdus merula Common

21 Song Thrush Turdus philomelos Limyra Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus Xanthos, Sinekçibeli P. (heard) Cetti’s Warbler Cettia cetti Heard in several places Fan-tailed Warbler Cisticola juncidis Dalyan area Sedge Warbler Acrocephalusschoenobaenus Dalyan area Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus Dalyan area Ruppell’s Warbler Sylvia rueppelli 5 Kaş area Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca Kaunos, Kaş area Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla Kaş area Bonelli's Warbler Phylloscopus bonelli Dereköy, Chimera Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix Dereköy Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita Dereköy Goldcrest Regulus regulus Dereköy (heard) Long-tailed Tit Aegithalos caudatus Chimera Sombre Tit Parus lugubris ??? Crested Tit Parus cristatus Avlan lake Coal Tit Parus ater Common Blue Tit Parus caeruleus Scattered;Kaş area Great Tit Parus major Common Penduline Tit Remiz pendulinus Dalyan area Kruper’s Nuthatch Sitta krueperi Kaş area, Avlan Lake, Beycik Nuthatch Sitta europaea 1/12 Gülmez Mount. Eastern Rock Nuthatch Sitta neumayer Dalyan area, Üçoluk Y. Short-toed Treecreeper Certhia brachydactyla 2 Tahtalı M. Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus Kaş area Woodchat Shrike Lanius senator Sacttered; Dalyan area, Sinekçibeli P. Sundance Masked Shrike Lanius nubicus Limyra, Adrasan Jay Garrulus glandarius Common Alpine Cough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax 1/12 Gembos Hooded Crow Corvus cornix Common House Sparrow Passer domesticus Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs Common Serin Serinus serinus Scattered; dalyan area, Dereköy, Beycik Greenfinch Carduelis chloris Dalyan area, Ördübek Y. Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis Common Siskin Carduelis spinus Sinekçibeli Pass Linnet Carduelis cannabina Dalyan area, Ördübek Y. Cirl Bunting Emberiza cirlus Heard in Dereköy Cretzschmar's Bunting Emberiza caesia Dalyan area, Avlan Lake Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana İztuzu beach Corn Bunting Miliaria calandra Dalyan area, Dereköy

22 Systematic List Number 3 Butterflies

The taxonomic nomenclature has been taken from Ahmet Baytaş’s excellent “Butterflies of Turkey” published by NTV (2007) with additional information from Hasselbarth’s ‘Die Tagfalter der Turkiye.The species were seen mostly noted and identified by Tim Norris.

Papilionidae Common Swallowtail Papilio machaon Dalyan area Southern Swallowtail Papilio alexanor Dalyan area, Sundance Scarce Swallowtail Iphiclides podalirius Xanthos Eastern Festoon Zerynthia cerisyi scattered; Dalyan area, Belen

Pieridae Large White Pieris brassicae Dalyan area, Olympos Small White Artogeia rapae Dalyan area Eastern Dappled White Euchloe ausonia Dalyan area Orange-tip Anthocharis cardamines Scattered; Dalyan area, Olympos Clouded Yellow Colias crocea scattered; Dalyan area, Finike area Brimstone Gonepteryzx rhamni scattered; Dalyan area, Olympos

Lycaenidae Green Hairstreak Callophrys rubi Kaunos, Limyra, Belen Small Copper Lycaena phlaeas Xanthos Holly Blue Celastrina argiolus Kaunos Common Blue Polyommatus icarus Xanthos Green-underside Blue Glaucopsyche alexis Kaunos,Limyra

Libytheidae Nettle-tree Butterfly Libythea celtis Gülmez Mountain

Nymphalidae Large Tortoiseshell Nymphalis polychloros Dalyan area Red Admiral Vanessa atalanta Dalyan area Painted Lady Cynthia cardui Common Queen of Spain Fritillary Issoria lathonia 1 seen at Ordubek Yayla

Satyridae Speckled Wood Pararge aegeria Scattered; Dalyan area,Olympos Wall Brown Lasiommata megera Dalyan area

23 Systematic List Number 4 Reptiles / Amphibians

Many thanks to Tim Norris for collating this list.

Hylidae Eastern Tree Frog Hyla orientalis 1 on 6/4,Adrasan (Recent split from H. arborea)

Ranidae Levant Water Frog Pelophylax bedriagae common

Bufonidae Green Toad Bufo viridis 1 at Xanthos

Bataguridae Stripe-necked (Balkan) Terrapin Mauremys rivulata Kas, Sundance

Tesdudinidae Spur-thighed Tortoise Testudo graeca common

Cheloniidae Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta One seen in Finike (or possibly Green Turtle) bay on 5/4

Agamidae Starred Agama Leudakia stellio Xanthos, Phaselis

Lacertidae Balkan Green Lizard Lacerta trilineata scattered Snake-eyed Lizard Ophisops elegans common

Scincidae Eastern Snake-eyed Skink Ablepharus budaki One on 31/3. Levant Skink Trachylepis aurata One on 1/4

Amphisboenidae Anatolian Worm Lizard Blanus strauchi 1 probable on 2/4

Colubridae Grass Snake Coluber jugularis 1 dead on road on 6/4.

24 Systematic List Number 5 Dragonflies

Many thanks to Tim Norris for collating this list.

Coenagrionidae Blue-tailed Damselfly Ischnura elegans Kaunos Ornate Bluet Coenagrion ornatum two at Limyra

Platycnemididae White-legged Damselfly Platycnemus Pennipes Kas

Aeshnidae Vagrant Emperor Hemianax ephippiger Phaselis Yellow-winged Darter Sympetrum flaveolum common

Systematic List Number 6 Moths

Many thanks to Tim Norris for collating this list.

Micropterigidae Micropterix sp. Kaunos Pyralidae Uresephita gilvata Olympos, Kaunos

Small China-mark Cataclystalem nata Limyra Mint moth Pyrausta aurata Limyra

Saturniidae Giant Peacock Saturnia pyri Olympos

Sphingidae Spurge Hawk-moth Hyles euphorbiae one by day at Kas Striped Hawk-moth Hyles livornica Olympos Humming-bird Hawk-moth Macroglossum stellatarum adults common. One larva at Xanthos Geometridae Garden Carpet Xanthorhoe fluctuata Olympos Catarhoe sp Olympos

Noctuidae Common Quaker cerasi Olympos Shuttle-shaped Dart Agrotis puta Olympos Silver Cloud Egira conspicillaris Olympos Bordered Straw Heliothis peltigera Olympos Pale Mottled Willow Paradrina clavipalpis Olympos Amephana aurita Olympos Silver Y Autographa gamma Olympos Lunar Double-stripe Minucia lunaris one by day on 6/4

25