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In Search of the Indiana Lenape
IN SEARCH OF THE INDIANA LENAPE: A PREDICTIVE SUMMARY OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPACT OF THE LENAPE LIVING ALONG THE WHITE RIVER IN INDIANA FROM 1790 - 1821 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS BY JESSICA L. YANN DR. RONALD HICKS, CHAIR BALL STATE UNIVERSITY MUNCIE, INDIANA DECEMBER 2009 Table of Contents Figures and Tables ........................................................................................................................ iii Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 Research Goals ............................................................................................................................ 1 Background .................................................................................................................................. 2 Chapter 2: Theory and Methods ................................................................................................. 6 Explaining Contact and Its Material Remains ............................................................................. 6 Predicting the Intensity of Change and its Effects on Identity................................................... 14 Change and the Lenape .............................................................................................................. 16 Methods .................................................................................................................................... -
War and Legitimacy: the Securement of Sovereignty in the Northwest Indian War
i ABSTRACT WAR AND LEGITIMACY: THE SECUREMENT OF SOVEREIGNTY IN THE NORTHWEST INDIAN WAR During the post-revolution period, the newfound constitutional government of the United States faced a crisis of sovereignty and legitimacy. The Old Northwest region, encompassing what is now Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, was disputed between several groups. The U.S. government under George Washington claimed the region and sought to populate the land with white settlers, British officials in North America wished to reestablish British hegemony in the Ohio River valley and Native-Americans wished to protect their ancestral homeland from foreign invasion. In the 1790s, war broke out between a British backed alliance of Native tribes and the United States of America. Historians have named this conflict the Northwest Indian War. Examining government records, personal correspondences between Washington administration officials and military commanders, as well as recollections of soldiers, officials and civilians this thesis explores the geopolitical causes and ramifications of the Northwest Indian War. These sources demonstrate how the war was a reflection of a crisis which threatened the legitimacy to American sovereignty in the West. Furthermore, they also demonstrate how the use of a professional federal standing army was used by Washington’s government to secure American legitimacy. Michael Anthony Lipe August 2019 ii WAR AND LEGITIMACY: THE SECUREMENT OF SOVEREIGNTY IN THE NORTHWEST INDIAN WAR by Michael Anthony Lipe A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History in the College of Social Sciences California State University, Fresno August 2019 APPROVED For the Department of History: We, the undersigned, certify that the thesis of the following student meets the required standards of scholarship, format, and style of the university and the student's graduate degree program for the awarding of the master's degree. -
Indian Education for All Connecting Cultures & Classrooms K-12 Curriculum Guide (Language Arts, Science, Social Studies)
Indian Education for All Connecting Cultures & Classrooms K-12 Curriculum Guide (Language Arts, Science, Social Studies) Montana Office of Public Instruction Linda McCulloch, Superintendent In-state toll free 1-888-231-9393 www.opi.mt.gov/IndianEd Connecting Cultures and Classrooms INDIAN EDUCATION FOR ALL K-12 Curriculum Guide Language Arts, Science, Social Studies Developed by Sandra J. Fox, Ed. D. National Indian School Board Association Polson, Montana and OPI Spring 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ..................................................................................... i Guidelines for Integrating American Indian Content ................. ii Using This Curriculum Guide ....................................................... 1 Section I Language Arts ...................................................................... 3 Language Arts Resources/Activities K-4 ............................ 8 Language Arts Resources/Activities 5-8 ............................. 16 Language Arts Resources/Activities 9-12 ........................... 20 Section II Science .................................................................................... 28 Science Resources/Activities K-4 ......................................... 36 Science Resources/Activities 5-8 .......................................... 42 Science Resources/Activities 9-12 ........................................ 50 Section III Social Studies ......................................................................... 58 Social Studies Resources/Activities K-4 ............................. -
Bloetscher Collection
BLOETSCHER COLLECTION SPECIAL COLLECTIONS – AKRON-SUMMIT COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY SPECIAL COLLECTIONS #: 2004-5 ACQUISTION: The collection was donated by Virginia Chase Bloetscher in 2004. ACCESS: Restricted access: materials fragile; access by request at Main Library archives only; material does not circulate. VOLUME: 8 storage boxes and books, 10 LF. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE: Virginia Chase Bloetscher was a local author, storyteller, and historian who lived in Cuyahoga Falls and specialized in local Native American history. Her book, Indians of the Cuyahoga Valley and Vicinity was published in 1980 by the North American Indian Culture Center, Inc. The second revised edition was published by Cuyahoga Valley Archaeological Society in 1997. SCOPE AND CONTENT: The collection consists of a wide variety of documents from Ms. Bloetscher’s manuscripts, presentation notes, slides and photographs, research notes, clippings, posters, artifacts, copies of treaties and maps, and fiction and non-fiction books pertaining to Native Americans. The collection also includes correspondence, manuscripts, articles and clippings from various people she networked with from the 1970s through the 1990s. ARRANGEMENT: Arranged by format and types of materials. NOTE: All measurements are approximate. Box measurements include lid. ABBREVIATIONS: (bw) = black and white (col) = color INVENTORY: SERIES I: SLIDES Slides used for presentations by Ms. Bloetscher. BOX 1 (4 ½ x 6 x 5 ¼”) includes: SLIDE CONTAINERS 1-3: Scenes of miscellaneous Native American locations showing mounds, ceremonial and treaty sites, trails, etc. SLIDE CONTAINERS 4 & 5: Miscellaneous slides of charts, drawings, and Native American artifacts. SERIES II: PHOTOGRAPHS ENVELOPES 1-6: (bw; 2 ½ x 3 ¼”) scenes of Native American locations. Each photo is marked 1 through 6 on the back with a blue marker. -
The Frontiers of American Grand Strategy: Settlers, Elites, and the Standing Army in America’S Indian Wars
THE FRONTIERS OF AMERICAN GRAND STRATEGY: SETTLERS, ELITES, AND THE STANDING ARMY IN AMERICA’S INDIAN WARS A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Government By Andrew Alden Szarejko, M.A. Washington, D.C. August 11, 2020 Copyright 2020 by Andrew Alden Szarejko All Rights Reserved ii THE FRONTIERS OF AMERICAN GRAND STRATEGY: SETTLERS, ELITES, AND THE STANDING ARMY IN AMERICA’S INDIAN WARS Andrew Alden Szarejko, M.A. Thesis Advisor: Andrew O. Bennett, Ph.D. ABSTRACT Much work on U.S. grand strategy focuses on the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. If the United States did have a grand strategy before that, IR scholars often pay little attention to it, and when they do, they rarely agree on how best to characterize it. I show that federal political elites generally wanted to expand the territorial reach of the United States and its relative power, but they sought to expand while avoiding war with European powers and Native nations alike. I focus on U.S. wars with Native nations to show how domestic conditions created a disjuncture between the principles and practice of this grand strategy. Indeed, in many of America’s so- called Indian Wars, U.S. settlers were the ones to initiate conflict, and they eventually brought federal officials into wars that the elites would have preferred to avoid. I develop an explanation for settler success and failure in doing so. I focus on the ways that settlers’ two faits accomplis— the act of settling on disputed territory without authorization and the act of initiating violent conflict with Native nations—affected federal decision-making by putting pressure on speculators and local elites to lobby federal officials for military intervention, by causing federal officials to fear that settlers would create their own states or ally with foreign powers, and by eroding the credibility of U.S. -
The Mckee Treaty of 1790: British-Aboriginal Diplomacy in the Great Lakes
The McKee Treaty of 1790: British-Aboriginal Diplomacy in the Great Lakes A thesis submitted to the College of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies In partial fulfilment of the requirements for MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of History UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN Saskatoon by Daniel Palmer Copyright © Daniel Palmer, September 2017 All Rights Reserved Permission to Use In presenting this thesis/dissertation in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis/dissertation in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis/dissertation work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis/dissertation or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis/dissertation. Requests for permission to copy or to make other uses of materials in this thesis/dissertation in whole or part should be addressed to: Head of the Department of History HUMFA Administrative Support Services Room 522, Arts Building University of Saskatchewan 9 Campus Drive Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A5 i Abstract On the 19th of May, 1790, the representatives of four First Nations of Detroit and the British Crown signed, each in their own custom, a document ceding 5,440 square kilometers of Aboriginal land to the Crown that spring for £1200 Quebec Currency in goods. -
The Emergence and Decline of the Delaware Indian Nation in Western Pennsylvania and the Ohio Country, 1730--1795
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by The Research Repository @ WVU (West Virginia University) Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2005 The emergence and decline of the Delaware Indian nation in western Pennsylvania and the Ohio country, 1730--1795 Richard S. Grimes West Virginia University Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Grimes, Richard S., "The emergence and decline of the Delaware Indian nation in western Pennsylvania and the Ohio country, 1730--1795" (2005). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 4150. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/4150 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Emergence and Decline of the Delaware Indian Nation in Western Pennsylvania and the Ohio Country, 1730-1795 Richard S. Grimes Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Mary Lou Lustig, Ph.D., Chair Kenneth A. -
TIDSLINJE FÖR WESTERNS UTVECKLING 50 000 F.Kr 30 000 F
För att söka uppgifter, gå till programmets sökfunktion (högerklicka var som helst på sidan så kommer det upp en valtabell TIDSLINJE FÖR WESTERNS UTVECKLING där kommandot "Sök (enkel)" finns. Klicka där och det kommer upp ett litet ifyllningsfält uppe i högra hörnet. Där kan ni skriva in det ord ni söker efter och klicka sedan på någon av de triangelformade pilsymbolerna. Då söker programmet tidpunkt för senaste uppdatering 28 Juli 2020 (sök i kolumn "infört dat ") närmaste träff på det sökta ordet, vilket då markeras med ett blått fält. tidsper datum mån dag händelse länkar för mera information (rapportera ref. infört dat länkar som inte fungerar) 50 000 50000 f. Kr De allra tidigaste invandrarna korsar landbryggan där Berings Sund nu ligger och vandrar in på den Nordamerikanska http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Americans_in 1 _the_United_States f.Kr kontinenten troligen redan under tidigare perioder då inlandsisen drog sig tillbaka. Kanske redan så tidigt som för 50’000 år sedan. Men det här finns inga bevis för.Under den senaste nedisningen, som pågick under tiden mellan 26’000 år sedan och fram till för 13’300 år sedan, var så stora delar av den Nordamerikanska kontinenten täckt av is, att någon mera omfattande människoinvandring knappast har kunnat ske. Den allra senaste invandringen beräknas ha skett så sent som ett par tusen år före Kristi Födelse. De sista människogrupper som då invandrade utgör de vi numera kallar Inuiter (Eskimåer). Eftersom havet då hade stigit över den tidigare landbryggan, måste denna sena invandring antingen ha skett med någon form av båt/kanot, eller så har det vintertid funnits tillräckligt med is för att människorna har kunnat ta sig över. -
Native American Indians
Native American Indians Local Camp Sites, Forts and Mounds Indian Trails Native American Indians Also see Maps Album - Maps of Native American Tribes, Trails, Camps Indian Trails in the Bedford - Walton Hills area Early Indian Trails and Villages in Pre-Pioneer Times Indian Trails Passing through our area Recorded Indian Sites in the Bedford - Walton Hills area Also see Album - Maps Archaeological Reconnaissance of the Lower Tinkers Creek Region - Also see Maps Album Tinkers Creek Valley Tinkers Creek from its Source to its Mouth, in 3 sections/pages The Many Fingers of Tinkers Creek in our area Tinkers Creek and its Tributaries 1961 map of Proposed Lake Shawnee, map 1 1961 map of Proposed Lake Shawnee, map 2 - Also see Maps Album Tinkers Creek Valley 1923-1933 Scenic and Historic Tinkers Creek Valley Map of Tinkers Creek Valley Legend and Map of Tinkers Creek Valley Legend and Map of Deerlick Creek Valley 1989 - Bedford Reservation and Cuyahoga Valley National Park areas within Walton Hills Boundaries - Also see Maps Album Special Areas of the Tinkers Creek Valley, Bedford Reservation 1923-1933 Topography and Elevations Streams Woodlands Trails and Lanes Early Residents - homes, bams Legend and Map - Places of Interest Also see Native American items on exhibit at Walton Hills Historical Resource Center, Community Room, Walton Hills Village Hall, corner of Walton and Alexander Roads, Walton Hills, Ohio CHAPTER 4 INDIAN SITES For many years, from mid Spring through Autumn, bands of woodland Indians camped in the western half of Walton Hills. Their summer campsites were near major Indian trails for east-west and north-south travel. -
Newton County Indian Trails and Pioneer Roads in This Issue
Volume 22, Issue One A publication of the Newton County Historical Society, Inc. Winter 2016 $3.00 Newton County: Indiana’s Youngest County Newton County Indian Trails and Pioneer Roads In this issue .... by Beth Bassett The wilderness in the early days was marked by many Indian trails, caused by different parties of Indians travelling frequently over the same routes to hunt or trade. Their path usually Indian Trails and Pioneer Roads followed that of least resistance, avoiding swamps, bogs and stony places; choosing light and dry ground. Sometimes they would follow the traces made by buffalo and deer, going to salt The First To Arrive: Early Settlers licks and watering places. In peace times, hunting parties would follow those trails that afforded 1816, A Year Without Summer them the opportunity to camp and rest in the groves and woodlands. To the settlers, these paths were not always plainly marked. In places they would be lost in the expanse of the plains, or Newton County, Another Place disappeared into the marshes and lowlands. Another Time: Millinnea-1840 The general outlines of the larger trails were fairly well fixed. There might be two or three paths • The Northwest Territory in some places, but these may later converge and run together. And in others, the path could • The Land of the Potawatomi totally disappear, only to appear later down the path. • Potawatomi Facts In the pioneer era, they provided the most direct path to the early town of Morocco; to the settlers along the Iroquois and the first Jasper County Courthouse; thence onward east to • The Secession of Lands Rensselaer. -
Working Towards Community-Engaged Research
Working Towards Community-Engaged Research with American Indian Tribes Christine Thompson Applied Anthropology Laboratories, Ball State University October 4, 2019 Betsy Helder’s request: “present on your experience with the process of consulting with American Indian tribes during your investigation of the battles at Fort Recovery. Ideally, the session would cover not just what you did, but what you learned from the process that can be helpful to historical sites as they work on their own similar projects.” Abstract The Northwest Indian War Battles of the Wabash (1791) and Fort Recovery (1794) involved multiple tribes and the U.S. military. Archaeological research supported by the Fort Recovery Historical Society has evolved from sharing to reviewing to collaborating with descendent American Indian tribes. We share our many lessons learned as we work towards community-engaged research with all stakeholders. Topics 1. Battle of the Wabash (1791) 2. Battle of Fort Recovery (1794) 3. Archaeological and preservation research 4. Community-engaged research 5. Evolution of tribal involvement 6. Lessons learned and tips My Experiences – Huge Team • Introduction • Fort Recovery Historical Society • Ohio History Connection o battlefield, museum, fort, monument • Ball State research team • Tribal partners • Community of Fort Recovery • Funding agencies BSU Applied Anthropology Laboratories Research Team Funding Agencies Fort Recovery Historical Society Ohio History Community of Connection Fort Recovery Descendent Tribes * Relationships not to scale Topics 1. Battle of the Wabash (1791) 2. Battle of Fort Recovery (1794) 3. Archaeological and preservation research 4. Evolution of tribal involvement 5. Community-engaged research 6. Lessons learned and Tips Northwest Indian War Timeline • 1783 – Treaty of Paris • 1785/6 – Western Indian Confederacy formed • 1787 – Northwest Ordinance • 1790 – Harmar’s Campaign • 1791 – St. -
Historic American Indian Tribes of Ohio 1654-1843
Historic American Indian Tribes of Ohio 1654-1843 Ohio Historical Society www.ohiohistory.org $4.00 TABLE OF CONTENTS Historical Background 03 Trails and Settlements 03 Shelters and Dwellings 04 Clothing and Dress 07 Arts and Crafts 08 Religions 09 Medicine 10 Agriculture, Hunting, and Fishing 11 The Fur Trade 12 Five Major Tribes of Ohio 13 Adapting Each Other’s Ways 16 Removal of the American Indian 18 Ohio Historical Society Indian Sites 20 Ohio Historical Marker Sites 20 Timeline 32 Glossary 36 The Ohio Historical Society 1982 Velma Avenue Columbus, OH 43211 2 Ohio Historical Society www.ohiohistory.org Historic American Indian Tribes of Ohio HISTORICAL BACKGROUND In Ohio, the last of the prehistoric Indians, the Erie and the Fort Ancient people, were destroyed or driven away by the Iroquois about 1655. Some ethnologists believe the Shawnee descended from the Fort Ancient people. The Shawnees were wanderers, who lived in many places in the south. They became associated closely with the Delaware in Ohio and Pennsylvania. Able fighters, the Shawnees stubbornly resisted white pressures until the Treaty of Greene Ville in 1795. At the time of the arrival of the European explorers on the shores of the North American continent, the American Indians were living in a network of highly developed cultures. Each group lived in similar housing, wore similar clothing, ate similar food, and enjoyed similar tribal life. In the geographical northeastern part of North America, the principal American Indian tribes were: Abittibi, Abenaki, Algonquin, Beothuk, Cayuga, Chippewa, Delaware, Eastern Cree, Erie, Forest Potawatomi, Huron, Iroquois, Illinois, Kickapoo, Mohicans, Maliseet, Massachusetts, Menominee, Miami, Micmac, Mississauga, Mohawk, Montagnais, Munsee, Muskekowug, Nanticoke, Narragansett, Naskapi, Neutral, Nipissing, Ojibwa, Oneida, Onondaga, Ottawa, Passamaquoddy, Penobscot, Peoria, Pequot, Piankashaw, Prairie Potawatomi, Sauk-Fox, Seneca, Susquehanna, Swamp-Cree, Tuscarora, Winnebago, and Wyandot.