Index

Aachen, 308, 310, 311, 313, 317, 320 Æthelred II, 182 ʿAbbas I Safavi, 16, 329, 371–95 Æthelstan, 13, 245–54, 255, 262–63 and chiraghan (“illuminations”), 390 “English Charlemagne”, 252 and Isfahan, 383–90 “king of all Britain”, 246, 247–48, 250 appealing to Sufi and Shiʿi, 378, 383, “king of the English”, 246, 247–48 387, 390 Aegisthus, 203 as power to unveil creativity, 391 Aeschylus, Persians, 93, 94 “humanity and divinity”, 381 Afrasiyab, 358, 362 moves capital to Isfahan, 383–84 Afushtah Natanzi, 391 personal rule of, 391–92 Agamemnon, 203 pilgrimage from Isfahan, 379–81, 390 “agent of God”, king as (see also Vicar of “religious” building, 376–83 God), 14, 164, 288, 292, 297 ʿAbbasids, 13, 15, 16, 254, 255, 258–59, 261, Agesilaus of Sparta, 96 262, 337, 340, 348, 360, 363, 365 Agila, 285 ʿAbd Allah, 254–55 Agra, 383, 384 ʿAbd al-Rahman I, 254, 259 Ahuramazda, 25, 26, 30, 33, 35–36, 37–38, ʿAbd al-Rahman III, 13, 246, 254–63 40, 44, 46, 48, 49–50, 52–53, 55, 57, 60, as amir, 254 82, 83–84 as caliph and “Commander of the Faith- Akbar (Mughal emperor), 371, 384 ful”, 254, 255, 258–59 semi-divinity of, 381 regnal name al-Nasir li-Din Allah, 255 Akkad, empire of, 40 Abdelmelic (= ʿAbd al-Malik), 276–77 Alan Qo’a, 363 abdication, 345–46 Alanya, 327 Abradatas (in the Cyropaedia), 67, 75, 79, Alcase, 308, 311, 314 87 Alcuin of York, 199 absolutism, 2, 3–4, 6, 18, 19, 92, 99 Alexander (the Great) III of Macedon, 2, 4, Abu Hamid, 338 7, 8–9, 10, 17–18, 345, 346, 349–50, 352, Abu’l-Fazl, Akbarnama, 381 355, 363 Abu Tahir Khatuni, 329 and Cyrus the Great, 101 Achaemenids/Achaemenid kingship, 2, and Darius, 352, 353, 358–59 5–7, 9, 23–61, 78, 330, 346 and Land of Darkness, 350 court, 79, 82 and law, 91–92, 99–104 empire, 28, 55, 60 and Seleucus I, 109–12 king as divine adjudicator, 56–57 and the Greek cities, 99–101, 102–4 king in divine role, 59–61, 82–84 and Zeus, 113, 115 King’s Eye, 82 as basileus, 100, 103, 104 royal ideology, 54, 78 as heir of Darius, 104, 345, 358 superior virtue, 102, 104 in Machiavelli, 142, 143, 145 acculturation, 344, 348, 362, 365 proclaimed god, 91–92, 101, 104 adab, 246, 257, 259–62 supreme virtues of, 101, 104 adib (“gentleman-scholar”), 259 visits Mecca, 351 adultery, 195–212 Alexander Romance, 123, 153, 210 accusations aimed at kings’ mothers, Alexandria, 121 206 Alfonso X of Castile, 13, 16, 17, 269–82 adventus receptions for German kings, 305 “Champion of Christianity”, 279, 280 advice, 351 primus inter pares, 273 Ælfgifu (wife of Eadwig), 201 Rey de Romanos, 269 Ælfthryth (wife of Edgar), 201 “true believer”, 281 400 index

Alfred, King of Wessex (“king of the Anglo- Aristotle, 7, 17, 97–99, 104, 129, 130, 131, 140, Saxons”), 246, 251 142–43, 148 ʿAli Qapu, 378, 387 on the pambasileia, 98–99, 102 ʿAli-Riza ʿAbbasi, calligrapher, 376 Armaiti, 40–41 ʿAli Riza, Imam, 374 Armes Prydein Vawr (“Great Prophecy of al-Jahiz, 261 Britain”), 248 Aljubarrota, Battle of, 221–24, 225 Arrian (as second Xenophon), 101 Allahverdi Khan Bridge, 389 Arthur, King of Camelot, 10, 173, 175–77, Alliterative Morte Arthure, 204 180, 188–89, 203, 204 Allstedt, 311 Arslan b. Toghrïl, 332, 335 al-Mubarrad, 261 Artabazus (in the Cyropaedia), 84 Alp Arslan, 329, 330 Artaxerxes II of Persia, 86 al-Qaʾim, 337 Arundel, Thomas, Archbishop of York, 153 Altenburg, 318, 320 Ashurbanipal of Assyria, 32–33, 51 Amin al-Din Gibraʾil, 378–79 Asser (Bishop of Sherborne), Life of Alfred, Amir Muʿizzi, 336 196 Ammon (see also Zeus), 111, 378 Assyria/Assyrians, 26, 32–33, 50–51, 75 Anahita, 84 in the Cyropaedia, 85 Anatolia, 325, 336 Astyages (in the Cyropaedia), 75–76, anchor image on Seleucid coinage, 112 134–35 al-Andalus (see also Spain), 246–62 Atabeg of Azarbayjan, 332, 337 passim Athanagild, 285 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 178, 183, 249 Athena image (on Lysimachus’ coinage), anointing, of kings, 174, 183 116 avoided by Alfonso X, 279 Augsburg, 308, 313, 316, 318, 321 of German kings, 305 Augustus, 7–8 of Visigothic kings, 289, 292, 294, 297, Avesta, 25, 40, 54, 346 300 Annals of Winchester, 199 Baba Jan, 24 Antakya Museum, 121 Babul, 352 Antigoneia, 116 Babylon/Babylonian, 36, 42–44, 76, 86, 88, Antigonus Monopthalmos, 112, 116, 117, 124 109, 112, 124 Antioch, 114–15, 116, 121, 124, 200–201 in the Cyropaedia, 86–88 Antiochus I of Commagene, 115 kingship, 345 Antiochus I son of Seleucus I, 115, 121, 125 Seleucid royal mint, 110 and Apollo, 125 bagh (garden), 333 Antiochus III (in Machiavelli), 133 Baghdad, 13, 14, 329, 334, 337, 37, 348, 362, Anubanini, King of the Lullubi, 34–35 363, 372, 377 Apollo (on Seleucid coinage), 125 Bahram Chubin, 354, 358, 360 Apollonides, 79 Baidawi, 343, 351–52, 358 Appian, 120 Balʿami, 343, 344, 358–59 Araspas (in the Cyropaedia), 136–37 Balawat Gates, 50 architecture, 15, 16, 26–27, 56–57, 59, 79 Balkh, 352 and Shah ʿAbbas, 373–95 Bamberg, 308, 312, 313, 314 importance of for defining sacrality of banqueting (see also feasting), 76, 77, 79, German kings, 305–6 80 Ardabil, 377–78, 387 barons, in post-Conquest England, 10–11, Ardavan, 350, 353 180, 182–83, 184–88, 190 aretē (“excellence”/“virtue”) (see also Basel, 308, 316 virtue), 7, 85, 95 basileus as “king” (see also Alexander III), Argead kings of Macedon (see also Philip 94 II, Alexander III), 115 Battle Chronicler, 188 Argeas son of Macedon (son of Zeus), 115 Bavaria, 308, 312, 313, 314, 318 Arianism, 14, 286 Beatrix of Portugal, 12, 219