THE NEWSPAPER OF THE ANTI-APARTHEID MOVEMENT SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 1992 40p

THE NEWSPAPER OF THE ANTI-APARTHEID MOVEMENT SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 1992 40p ANC says mass action for peace and democracy will continue Talks stalled: regime must act ELECTIONS IN ANGOLA Page .11 Dly a~d dM e-s When the ANC pulled out of fonnal talka inJune, it presented 14 demands to De Klerk (see page 3 for details). Two months lter, the ,eatity confn its leaders was that soaly u few of theseldhbeen adfi ebythe regitne. Pin-poInting the uac ceptahe vagens of re~e -assabce thatteps ., ttcsi h viölence ae 'te.eing f-rtser attenation, the ANC ttitted the government for deay and douhie-speak'. bing the violence The NEC highlghted three prtia meaue s to cub fe violence that still ewait govemmenit action:, * steps to prevent notorious hostels heing used as bases6fr attacks agaist colnanities: b the need for a complete cotrywide har n the pblic itplay ofweapons; and b conilnement to hateacks of special forces Underinsg the ANC s deep a~xieties over the con -ging violence, twoANCIbusch chaäpersons in soutfier Natal ,wee asassmated dthigthhtreedys when the NEC was aeeting. Althoughconsite àlytaltain up the prospeets for a swift resunption of segtons, the tegise clearly ant~5 ipated the ANC's refusal to return to the tahle, and had cat1ed a fojnd ,f its Bantustailies for the secod week of Septenmhec to dtscuss the cosotttional aspects of regtonatst and fede its. But if this was Latended to signal to the ANC that it woold forge ahedin shapingthefure without the ANCitwasahollow threi. For as British foreign secretay Douglas Hund ack.nowledged on hidepatuefrom South Afnca There can he no successful conclusions without the hivolvenent of the AC.' 'No solotion couldbe reachéd bythe ,g ernment alone. Mr Hund said that the EC ~o61k send 11 ohoervers Lo cno pement the teIt tnltal 50 an he experts to heef ap the GoldstoneCommsot' ~~Ivestiative role. ~ intodem~o=lcy Reaffirming it sconnitent to a negotiated seoletstnt, the ANC ulso puhished proposalsfot the transtion to detiocracy. It calls foruastngle chamber 409-memter intertst legislature, democeat tcalty eleted by proportioal representation, 'to Joble as Constituent A9seni and l amaking parliament tifa ore constitution kad not emerged within nine tsonttts, fresh elections would be called This connasts with the regie's insistence that ,the transitional ar~angettenta stay in place for at least three years, la aresks ~ioenoit1esnd the AN noted that. In its cotmtaticati , the * rne has ro-fin tly uacuepti the tdea oTt d~emoamc Co,stituent A-Ltsly tt atu irthcated is support for he foloreisg priciples with regard to a Constituent Assembly, toastiety that it must: I b, temocaticUy ected; b draft and adopt ihe new cnns.ttttton (lnplytng tlhat i, ttoold st as a sitgle cratber); * hr hound onlY y agrend coitutiosal pineiples; * have an agreed time futor, * have agreed adequate deadlock-breaking tmeclanisms: 6 function democratically, Le arrive at is decisions democeatically with ce~tain ageed maorities: Shrelectedithinanagreedpe ,dtimepeiod.' 1tis not, vet dear whether agteement has been reached on the ,exed uestion of ehat a-nel.nlhood be neeted fot the Ns tr aedecisions M9ttrtheANtpulott,theregise andicateat that it rotid not stick nitsdemasndfora75%.majority. 1, ANC, rhich had fBot pmposd 66% an then movend to 70% in a vain -earch foe a nompronse, reverted to ts original positonafeeciticismof the,70 offer as too Hga concesson. ~7 SPECIAL TRADE UNION ISSUE PageS F, ME Mi BER S' NEWS1ETTER

2 ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS 0 SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 1992 MoonnbicaYrigtninlsestulfal U Top govensment pthologi,( Drjonauhan Glau shatwce hit the news for exposing an alarming level ofdeaths amongst People in police uslotly. in July, after long but fnidess efforts to get some respose from Police Conmissoner Joa. van dee Merwe and President De Klerk, the formnerchairof the SA Medical andDental Council publshed his findings that at least 90% of the 200 corpses he exanined (of persons who died in custody) had been killed by police. In August he went public again, charging ithe police witha 3-4 fold increae in the deathrate and crtng 15 cases of death in custody since his prevtous disclosure. 0 Six senior oflI o ths internattona ment the ChinesConsnistParyvisited Sooth Africa in Jily as guests of the SA Conunit Paty. Suth Africa is reported tobe se ing cars in China and a quasidiplomatic South African 'inter estsoffic e' wasopened inleing in March. N Som 200,00ol-300,o00woien seek illegal abortions in South Africa each year. Baragwanath Hospital, adjoining Soweto, admits 15,000 women annually with infections caused by such abortions The issue is causing greatconcernwithin the ranks of the ANC, butithasnotyetworked out a policy on abortion. Nuclear ins This month "the annual meeting of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) takes place again in Austria, and South Africa is likely to feature. Abdul Minty reports. .pectlons SADF units 'disbanded' WIDESPREAD protests about the role of certain South African Defence Force (SADF) special * units in the violence, and edence of their involvement in abusesagainst theAficanivilian population, have forced the De Kerk regirre to announce the 'disbandment' ofboth 31 and 32 Battalions. The latter, known as the Egypt wchtook SA'splace after BuffaloBattalion, andcomposed it was forced out of the IAEA by largely of Angolans, was used by anti-apartheid campaigns, the SADFinAngola andNamibia. Serious questions remain Also due to be disbanded is unanswered.Whathashappened the Konvoet (crowbar) Unit, a to all the apartheid bombs ? Are thuggish paramilitary force that any still stored in South Africa ? was used mainly in Namibia and Have some or all been handed was ostensibly disbanded in over to one or more of Pretoria's 1989/90. UClearalliesIWhohelpedSouth But in June the Goldstone Afca overalmostthreedecades, Commission, as the course of to obtain vital nuclear and other investigating the Boipatong technology from abroad? Which massacre, found that a unitofexcountries and compatues were Koevoetsandtheirarmshadbeen involved in helping to build its based on a coal-mine near nuclear weapons capablity ? Witbank. The implications of a So committed are the major possible link with the massacre powersto'rewarding'De Kierk'$ compelled Pretoa to do somereforms that these questions are thing to defuse criticism. unlikelytobeaddrse. Instead, All three units were an this month's conference may see integral part of the South African a serious attempt ist to reinstate security forces, and their disSouth Africa as a maor 'nuclear' bandment seems likely to entail member a(S then to set about the redeployment of their perrelaxing all nuclear sactions, sonnel to other units. Since these If tl i toIe avoided it -l will remain integrated in De requir vigilant and determined Klerk's security apparatus, theaction. 'disbandmentofthesenotorious * Dictrepresentat,- tld and widely-loathed units will h mak adnal govem.ei i make lite practical difference Inast tO Batalions31and32have nrit ' been stationed in the easter pnsanent representive, Mr Transvaal near the border with G E Clark CMG, 1AEA, Jaures- Mozambique.Mediafa, alMaputo gase 12, 1030 Vienna. Austia. publication, claims that those of Mozambicain orgnin the Buffao batahon are being inmtgratcd with Renmo. Meanwhile the president of the ANC's Border region, Slmuko Siokupa, has charged that Pretora is integraing emembec of these two hattalions, and exKoevoets, into the army of beleaguered bantustan chief Brigadier Gqoco, boss of the Ciskei 'homeland', Agent sacked IN JULY, the Independenit published a sensational front-page story detailing how two SADF secret agentsoperating in Britai had embroiled Ulster loyalist paramilitaries in a plan to assassinate Captain Dirk Coetaee. Coetee, theformerfhit-squad operative who defected and sought refuge in the ranks of the ANC, now lives in London tinder Special Branch protection. British intelligence got wind of the plan, apprehended the agents, and quietly returned them to South Africa, thereby avoiding a political row that would have embarassedJohn Major as much as F W de Merk. ' Now one of the agents, Leon Flores, has been sacked by the SADF for acting without authority. The other agent, Captain Pamela do Randt, has apparently been cleared. Questions raised by the AAM about the affair, including whether the pait were ever sent to the Crow Prosecution Services, remain unanswered by the British government. n South Africa Electoral arithmetic ELECTION talk is in the air in South Africa. Although no agreement is yet in sight on when and how a Constituent Assembly will be established, the main contestants mn any future election based on the principle of oneperson one-vote, are already preparing for it. The ANC has drafted two of the weightiest figures of the exUDF leadership into an elections committee - Popo Molefe and Patrick 'Terror' Lekota. The latter was previously attached to the ANC's intelligence department A programme of training 4,000 activists in 'basicvotereducation' has also been launched. The ruling National Party, which in June launched its election campaign, is desperately searching for ways of attracting at least 4 million black voters to add to the great majority of the 3.2 million wite voters it expects to support it. This would give it about 40% of a 15 million-strong electorate. But an ofbical of the Home Affairs Dept. has conceded that there could be about 17 million eligible to vote, evenwithoutthe reincorporation of the four 'independent' Bantustanswhich would bring the total to more than twenty million voters. This is the contest in which De Klerk chose to bringtse Codesa 1 talks lastMay to a halt by insisting that decisions be taken by 75% of elected representatives - a position he has since reportedly dropped. Meanwhile, with typical unawareness of the irony of its actions, the regime has launched the prisons department on a crash programme using convicts to build voting booths and make ballot boxes. Tomorrow's freedom made by today's slaves.. The Troika was also urged to ck the creation of a dema- Winnersofthe Freedom PrizeDraw tically elected Constituent asemblytodrawupanewSouth FREEDO92 -lnicRaymor ak icanconstitution, andtocnme Futon,KImO'Malley- a year's tpubliclyagainstanyformof freeyoga iOrge - a site veto' over change. The report-backfromthevisit residentialaction holiday; IbegiventootherECforeign F izeft - a Weekend for two ouiterswhentheyholdan attheOldRedLio;Y2/13e formal meeting on 12/13Ries-aprofebk ecomed by AAM demon- Reeboktrainers; Chs ators, who will assemble on Johon - a AAM rarday 12th at 1.30pm at FOR DEMOOIRACINOTHAFRIIA metcharise pack; Peter Or eiwyn Garden City mril station .stexiandmatchoffat2pn- SUNDAYJ UNE artAAMmerchaniep k.

ANTi-APARTHEID NEWS 0 SEPTEMBER/CTOBER 1992.3 Victory for peace and democracy The rolling programme of mass actions in July and August proved to be a triumph of mass mobilisation and political leadership for the partners in the triple alliance - the ANC, Cosatu (Congress of SA Trade Unions) and the SA Communist Party. THlE alances Peace and Democracy campai culminated ina hugely supported geteral stke on3and 4August andcontinued to the end of that week with marches and demonstrations in all parts of the country in which an estimated three-quarters of a million people took part, The mass actions demonstrated popular dissatisfaction with the regime at precisely the same time as international criticism ofitwas focussed in the UN Security Council's special debate on South Africa They proved beyond any doubt that DeKletk'sfailure to curb violence aed his intransigence in negotilatonshave leftrtheass oSouth Africansdesperate for peace and hungry for democratic change. Two-day standstll The two-day stay-at-home brought the country to a virtual standstill. Four million of a total labour force of six million supportedhe strike. The government claimed, implausibly, that this was hi 't ninako. fi slierewas intimidation on both sides, but the ANC and Cosato leaderships condemned The regime not only drafted up truops oiid pro catively paraded Caspirs in the town- ships. It also conducted a huge propaganda campaign against the mass actions - both through the state-run TV and radio services, and by spending millions on advertising. Employers did their b by letting it be known that those absent from work would not get paid, and the air was thick with threats of retrenchment and auguries of economic disaster. Butprevious two-day stoppages have never had any measurable effects on the economy. Deal aborted In the preceding Weeks, an efibet to protect workers from possiblevictimisatnandsecure employer spport for a limited one-day stike, C-atu engaged the employers fomuSaccola (SA Consultative Committee on Labour Affairs) i intensive talks which came close to fruition. But the prospect of unions and management uniting around a one-day shut-down in support of demands for democracy and speed-r negtiations to achieve it so alarmed the regime that it arm-twisted the employers int backing down. Optitionoumstase,lm ubo ildr th fakdlthlrflf Parny, and less predictably hors the Pan Afeicanist CongresS (PAC). the Azanian Peoples Oegauisation, and Cosatu's smaller rival NACITU ( N ational Council of Tade Uions). None of this opposition proved effec tive. Possibly asa result, thePAC is now closer to jining in the Codesa talks when they resume -o- at.last ang part ina parallel dialogue with the regime. Lss tnresslve Support for the strike in 'Coloured' and Indian areas was less impressive than in the black townships. In the Westen Cape for example, the level of absenteeism in African areas reached 95% on the second day, whereas in 'Coloured' areas like Athlone, Manenbeg and Mitchells Plain it was ubout 50-55%. This shows that the AfNC has much to do to enlarge its influence in areas where it has traditionally been weak. But it's light years from supporting foreign minister Pik Botha's boast, opining the first of the National Pary's (NP) provincial congresses on 1 September, that the NP will win the support of J Smillio Coloured' in a future election. Other aspects of the campaign were barely reported in Britain. They included a massive schools boycon, averaging 92% nationally, and scores ofnmarces rallies and 'occupations' of government buildings. Estimates of the tam-out at the ANC's show-piece rally in Pretoria - always a difficult city to targetfor mass action -ranged from 50,000 to 80,000. In Cape Town the march was 50,000 strong. Many small mhral towns which have never seen a demonstration, at least since the heady days of the UDF in the mid1980s, also featnred in the actions. The ANC received a big fillip from the campaign. Not only did it show the wisdom of pulling out of talks until the regime responds seriously to some of its demands, butittrengthenedthe ANC's hafid for the resumption of negotiations- whenever that takes place. It has also boosted recruitment rates - upby50%h in theeastern Transvaal and 100% in northern Natal. The ANC's western Transvaal membership rose from 19,000 to 25,000 in August, and elsewhere dormant branches were reportedly coin mg alive again in the wake of the campaign. UN increases pressure on De Klerk The United Nations Security Council's latest resolution on South Africa approves the sending of UN observers to help end the violence and create the conditions for the resumption of negotiations. Since the De Klerk regime was until June stronglyopposed to international monitoring, thiS" is an important breakthrough. But much depends on how it is implemented. MEETING on 17 August, the UN Security Council (UNSC) gave secrety-general Boutros-Ghali a mandate to send as many obseevers to South Africa as he considered necessary following his special representative Cyrus Vance's visit there in July. Sigificandly, UNSC Res 772 authorises the UN secretarygeneral to deploy an unspecified number of observers 'm such a manner and in such numbers as are needed'to address effectively areas of concern'. This was a victoryforthosewhohadargued that the group of 30 observers recommended by the secretary.general would be a totally inadequate number to deal with the very wide-ranging issues highlighted in his report, based on Cyrus Vance's visit. The UN observers are to act independentlyfrom, butin close cooperation with, the structures of South Africa's National Peace Accord. The resolution suggests that otganisations such as the OAU, the Commonwealth and the EC should also send observers. The secretary-genernd is to make quarterly reports on the implementation of Res 772, and the'Security Council will 'remain seized of the matter' until a democratic South Africa is established. Observers - not Investgtors This falls shonofthe setng up of anintemationaluoitwhichcould act as a command structure for international teams with independent powers to investigate and take evidence, called for by some humanrightsorgamsations infSouthAfrica. tisalsonotclear whotheUNobscrverswillreport to and whether their reports will be made public. But so long as the observers are responsible to the secretarygeneralorhisrepresentativeand are sent in sufficient numbers say nitially aroup of340 - they could play an important role in bringing an endto the violence. The precedent for a UN observerroleon the groundwas set on the eve of the ANC's mass actions. Nelson Mandela suggested to Cyrus Vance that the UN seni enobservero monitor the demonstrations. After quick consultations, Mr Boutros-Glali sent seven officials so loin the small team already with Vance. Their presence helped to defuse tensiononseveral occasions, and undoubtedly esoredthtprvocations by state security agents trying to crdit the campaign were much fewer than hadbeen feared by the ANC and its allies. ANC welcomes UN role The UN decisions have been welcomed by the ANC, which lobbiedhardatthe UNtostopDe Klerks diplomats delaying and protracting the UN debate, and to open the door to an adequate rather than a symbolic number of observers. The issue of violence, said the ANC, had now 'been firmly placed on the agenda of the intenational community.' It promiseditsfullcooperationwith the observers and askedforthem to be deployed without delay. Mr Boutros-Ohali's report also recommends that: * the Goldstone Commission should investigate the South African Police KwaZulu Police, the armed wings of the ANC and PAC, and certain private security frms; * urgentactionbe taken on the Goldstone Commission'sproposals regarding a total ban on public display of dangerous weapons and security of the hostels; * reports of the Cos...sin be 1ade available within 24 hours of submission t. the state president' * the establishment of 24-hour offices of the Nationa Peace Secretariatat rmaloe'lash points', * early reaton of the special criminal courts envisaged in the National Peace Accord to try the perpeteatators of violence The UN's finding that the, financing and staffing of the National PeaceAccordistructures (foe which government is insponsible) is totally inadequate will force Pretoria to make more resources available It also calls for steps to be taken to ensure thatreportion stare-controlled radio and TV should be fair and objective. Codesa need new impetus On negotiations, the report says that the Codesa process should be resumed despite 'all of its shortcomings,' with othersbeing drawn into it, and suggests appointing an 'eminent and impartial person, who need not be a foreigner' to provide new impetus. Thus despite world attention beingfocussedrecendyonevents in Somalia, Yugoslavia and Iraq, the international spotlight has once again been turned on South Africa in a way that will make it harder to De Klerk to delay the advent of democracy.

Obstacles to peac e in Natal After a fact-finding mission to South Africa in June, the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) reported that law and order had broken down in Natal: 'It would not be possible to hold free and fair elections on a one person one vote basis.' Since 1985, over 8,000 people have been killed in Natal, and several thousands have been made homeless. This appalling violence must be seen in the context of a virtual one-party state in the KwaZulu bantustan, where Chief Buthelezi's Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) dominates every structure. Yet many efforts have been made on the ground to bring peace. Gerald O'Sullivan reports. T wO-and-a-half years after F Wile Klerkiubanned the ANC, supposedly to allow freedom of political association, the ANC is still to all intenti and purjpss illegal in oost of Natal oIkatha-controlled local authorities in Northern Natal refuse the ANC access to cormne facilities for meetigs, on the pretext that the ANC once held a neeting i Bsikhatitu towtship o the sato day that the Zulu kng held a meeting in Dfaisevemrlhous'dri'eaway'. Tistlation of NC mebe, t, -wepead.In, liasfro ', teNntaOTrti-ke,t refusetoallow ,he A Are I FP nm 'l ha - - dinto nonlI.kaha areas to iniath reie. ,I-tt reigo I"", Lto ANC m bs awas shown to ANC's unbanning, gangs of arted men regularly attack the homes of ANC members, driving them away and leaving thousands living in squatter camps, abandoned buildings or church halls. In an incidentnear Stanger, more than 2,000 peoplewere left homelesswhenther hom were bulldoed after thev refused to join th IFPF, Even the dead are not left ti peace In Umlaai, Emopangei, Eshowe and Port ShepiStone, fatilies of ANC re hs mardered in poitical violence we refused p-e,i ti btuyteir' dead in local 1eteir bytFFcontrolled local authorities The securty forcs The coninued fuilure'. of the secuity fumes to protect inditduLals and comnutii, their biasedandouteouAtluftilactions in dealngwith the volene; ltir fuilurie to inves-tgate mes of ,ptical -nte, thir, oca- Churches launch nonitoring programme South Africa's churches, alarmed by the continuing violence and the deadlock in talks about their country's future, havetaken major initiativesto resolvewhat they see as the gravest crisis in the country's history. Last year, when the sudden spread of violence threatened to sink progress towards negotiations, they stepped forward to initiate what later became the National -Peace Accord. This month they launch an international monitoring programme. Maggie Paterson reports. A N ecumenic programme of motiltoring will be launched is month by the South African Council of Churches (SACC), the Southern African Catholic Bishops' Conference (SACBC), and the World Council of Churches (WCC) in associationwtth the Vatican. The programme, expected to last6-12 months, will beinaugurated with a visit of an 'eminent persons group' due to take place before the op ngofthe special session of the apartheid parliament in October Subsequently, a series of international montoring teams will make 4-6 week visits with the following objectives: * to provide a mectanism of monitoring violence in South Africa, within the broad political context; 0 to monitor and report on negotiations for a peaceful transition to a democratic, non-racial South Africa, according to universally accepted democratic principles; and 0 to monitor and report on elections, so as to asstst the participation of all South Africans in an electoral pocess. The churches beieve that internatocal involvement in monitoring is essential, and that churches andNGOs can assist in helping ensure that the political transiion actually produces a democratic solution. The operationwillbe coorlinatedthroughanational office in Johannesburg and an inteational office in Geneva: It was mapped out at a meeting at the WCC's Geneva HQ on 10-11 August attended by delegates from the SACC, SACBC and churches and church-related NGOsfromEurope, Scandinavia and the US. Strenuous effortS Shortly before the Geneva meeting, a top delegati6n of church leaders in South Africa was making strenuous efforts to speakmtall parties-government, political organisations, trade unions, etc - in seach of a way out of the impasse in the Codesa talks. An eight-member delegation -of church leaders, headed by Arhbishop Wilfred Napier, ,he SACBC president, met UN special envoy Cyrus Vance and presensed him with a detailed 'state of the nation' memorandum. It called for pressure on the Pretoria regime to agree to the principle of an elected constitution-making body, and stressed the urgency of holding elections for such a body. It also advocated international monitoring to curb the violence and observe elections. Moral presence The new programme will seek to provide a continuous presence in-the country, to monitor violence and respond to situations of actual or potential violence speedily, in cooperation with local monitoring groups. It aims at a moral presence to act as deterrent to the escalation of violence, but will also provide pastoral support to victims of violence, collect information and make independent inquiries. It will maintain contact with relevant govemment and nongovernment agencies, andwhere necessary make representations to the authorities and to political organisations. Statutory peacemaking structures such as the National Peace Secretariat and the Goldstone Commission will also come under its scrutiny When the ANC informed the SAP that anned 1FP members were being bussed in to attack hostel in itsikhawitni on 16 Febuary 1992, the police took no action to prevent a series of assaulson the hostels, buthelped the KwaZulu Police (KZP) disarm, ault and arrest hostel residents. Twelve people died. The behaviour of the KwaZulu police is even more atocious than that of the SAP. The ICJ foundthat'the misconduct of the KwaZulu police has become more blatant and cruel since we were last in Natal' The KZP effectivelyactsasthe annedwing of the 1FP. All police are members of the 1FP and Chief Buthelezi is both head of the IFP and minister of police of KwaZulu. Despite numerous submissions ofevidence ofKZP violence to the Goldstone Commission on violence, including the murder of 25 people at a squatter camp called Uganda by the KZP in February this year, no steps to rem in the KZP have been taken by eitherthe state or the KwaZula authorities. Instead, last year the Pretoria government extended the jurisdictionof the KZP, giving thempowersofpursuitandarrest outside KwaZulu too The SAP claims it canmot intervene In the policing of the homeland, butouthAfrican law extends the powers of the SAP to include KwaZulu. Inaddition totheviolent and partisan behaviour of the SAP and the KwaZulu police, the South African Defence Force (SADF) is also implicated m covert activity. Its infamous 32 Battalion had to be withdrawn from Imbi afteramassive public outcry in July this year. In 1986, the SADF secretly trained around Peace initiaves There have been several peace initiatives toaddress theviolence in Natal, but to no avail, primarily because of the IFP's refusal to cooperate with bodies set up to u*pement such iniatives. In November 1987, a delegation from Cosatu and the UDF met Inkatha and all agreed to end the violence. Inkatha thep tried to scupper the agreement by objecting to an article written abroad iyatinyleft-wing faction in the ANC, and by demanding that the focus be broadened to includenationalissues. The imiative was ended when the UDF representatives were detained under the State of Emergency A year later, a Complaints Adjudication Board convened by a retired Supreme Court Judge was set up after a meeting between Cosam and Inkatha in Pietermaritzburg. The board heard two complainta involving assaults and intimidation by Inkaiha members, but hIkatha ignored the board's recoinmendations. The board collapsed afterche eldest son of the family involved in one of the complaints was subsequently murdered. The UDF and Cosatu made an attempt in early 1989 to initiate a National Peace Accord. After much negotiation, involving the then banned ANC, Butheleai rejected the proposals, insisting that the meeting be held in Ulundi, the KwaZulu capital, and thattheANC,UDFandCotatube represented as one delegationIn 1991 Butheleat signed the 29JanuaryAccord, after meeting with Nelson Mandela. Butlnkatha's lackofcommitmenttotheAccord and continual stalling meant that the structures set up failed to stop the wave of violence which then spread to the Transvaal. Finally, in September 1991, after three monthsofnegotiations convened by church and businessgroupsnkatha, thegovern- Obstacles to peace IntermsoftheAccord,a Regional Dispute Resolution Committee was set up inNatal to-imp leent the provisions of the agreement, butthe TFP has onsistently failed to participate in the work of the conniittce It has either failed to und ngreeset,vesto metings, or sent delegates who were unsbl or unwilling to address the itsses raiserj Amongst the current I 'P dlgates is David Nrombet who was found byan inquest t htetobe responsl,[2o8 ,ourderofamotherian ;er daughter, has freely admitted(to -hel i epeneidenl an Sunday) to m.dering his own brother, and is now implicated in the Trust Feed massacre. Attempts to get the Accord's Local Dispute Resolution Commiatees functioning in Natal have been hampered by the IFP's failure to participate in setting them up or its attempts to bypass them. The 1FP has broken off talks in Richmond, Brtmeille & Mooi River, and Stanger. Neither the state nor the KwaZuiu govenment is taking the Accord seriously. No action was taken against IFP members who carried guns at a march in Durbanthedayafter the carrying ofdangerousweaponsatpolitical events was made unlawful. The minister of law and order has made no appoinuments of police reporting officers to deal with complaintsof policemisconduct as required by the Accord. In terms of the Accord, the DepartnertofJustice in tofinance itsstructurms, but to date the state has provided nothing. The situation tn Natal makes it clearthatPretoriadoesnotwish to end the violence. As long as peace initiatives rely on the cooperation of the state or the lFP, they are doomed to failure. Only when an interim government o in place will the securityforces bebroughttoheel and perpetratorn of violence brought to justice.

ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS 0 SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 1992 5 British TU leaders build links in South Africa South Africa's non-racial trade unions are a vital force for democracy. This year has seen an unprecedented number of visits to South Africa by British trade union leaders to strengthen links with their brothers and sisters. Rodaey Blekeestaffe, current presidentoftheTUC, andgeneral secretary of the National Union of Public Employees, went out last month on behalf of the TUC On his return, he talked to AA News: 'ThiswastnyftstvisittoSouth Africa after 25 years of unimon Roalwy ffckertano activity. Initially my visit was going to last just two days. But through extra engagements my stay was extended by a further two glorous days. This visittook ifanilneprtitmtios, but these included speaking to strtkers involved in the ongoing Nehawu (National Education, Health and Allied Workers! Union) dispute (see page 9) and members of Numsa (National Union of Metalwoiters of SA) who were also on strike I was alsoproud tonretseveal leaders of the ANC, including Nelson Mandela, Cyril Ramaphosa and Chris Hani. 'The meeting with Mr MandeLa was a particular highlight. It lasted for rnearly an hour. During th t time the BBC filmed the whole lotin order to produce a video for release. The video should b out u time to be shown at the TUC's annual conference. I was also plesed to neet the new general se-ry of NUPEh sister union Nehawu Philip Dexter. Philip had onl jst been elected when the union found itelf in a major dispute with over 8,000 of its members sacked, 'One purpose oftinyvistar to try and seewhat further assistance cou"'Ibe given by Nupe. One avenue we are pursuing is with a pilot scheae to provide new technology to Nunsa. The pilot scheme involves the use of the Nupes membership computer software by Numsa to simplify its own recod We are also Iooking at producing menthersip cards, diaries and aembership badges for them' Thedailybattle Cosaio and the ANC was truly against apartheid mispirational. 'I had the tremendous experiEarlierintheyear,NUM president este of speakingatthe 'People's Arthur, Scargill was invited to Parlianent' rally in Cape Town attend a farewell event bY the alongsideWlterSisulu and Chris SouthAficanNUkTforitsgeoeral Hai, and later of meeting and gecretary Cyril Ramaphosa, now talkingtoNelson Mandela. These serving the ANC as its secretary- are things I'l never forget- but I general, and playmg a keyroein won t forget either all the adults the negotiating process.. Mr and children I encountered, Scargill told aA Neu - hoier briefly, who ai hying 'The realities I saw in South every dayof their lives in a battle Africa went beyond anything I against apartheid had anticipated Apartheid as I Iwasho-tifierdhen, in 1991, saw itinthe mining industry and it was suggested that the time in the townships appalled me had come for the lifting of beyond description, while the sanctons. That siggesion was bravery and determination of seized on eagerly and exploited everyoneImetthroughthe NUM, by the EC and the United States. I -AI It's now obvious that it was a grave mistake, and intmy view theimajontyofiSouthAfricanhave paida price for it. However, the skills and strengths within that majority are so great thatit cannot be long now before they overcome, and putan end to one ot the must terrible social systems ever to oppress humanity.' 'Optimism, generosity and tolerance' Also present at Ramaphosa's leaving party was veteran trade unionist Ken Gill, who retired lastnmonth asgeneral secretaryof MSF (Manufacturing, Science, Faance). In a detailed report back to his NEC, KenGill gave his iapressions of conditions on the ground: 'Both Soweto andAlexandra bare large prison-like hostelsfor single men. Their conditions would depress anyone. It is no wonder that violence has broken out tn them and has been explOited hy the security forces. 'veon at watching many news and current affairs pring ranaes ,toi South Africa, t is impossible to appreciate the hill extent of oppression built into aparteid without seeing it first hand. While the structure of apartheid is now being dismanted, much of it still exists. Whac impressed us was the spAt of combaive optimism, generasity and tolerance shown by activists in themon and politicl pattsin spite ofuch pervasive andogradinfopwery III pheeof a confid-rmovemen, warring for power' Programme of assistance The National Union of Civil and Public Servants (NUCPS) is one of many British unions with an active programme of assistance to South African brothers and sisters. Last year NUCPS ran a to- weektraningcourse fortwo exiled trade unionists returning to South Africa, covering all aspects of union organisation. and word processing and educatioial skills. This year NUCPS president Sandy Boyle attended the Nehawu congress, discovering for himself that the union faces a mountainous task in trying to organise within the civil service long one of the bastions of the apartheid system. In memory offormerNUCPS president Mike Perkins, a lifelong fighter against racism, the union has established a two-year scholarship for a South African at Northern College. Mandela thanks Gill In a message to Ken Gill on his retirement, ANC President Nelson Mandela said: 'Your Iord in tirelessly seeking to win over the trade union movement to support for the ANC, our non-racial trade union movement, dnd the Anti-Apartheid MovementbIsecondtonoe.WeeredeouliygratNI... Wealso expressour apreciatiofryourcontibutio to the fight against racism & exploitation In Britain and yoursupport for the cause offrusdom and justice across the worid.' Ken Gill has been succeeded as general secretary of MSF by Roger Lyons, a longtime supporter of the anti- partheid cause. K FAT FOOTWE'AR& APPAREL TRADES General President: David Lambert General Secretory; Helen F McGrath FOR A SPEEDY END TO APARTHEID Greetings to all our colleagues in South Africa and special greetings to our colleagues in the South African Clothing and Textile Workers' Union KFAT. The Grange, Eat Barton, Northampton NN6 OJH Tel: 0604-810326 ALTHOUGH THE BOYCOTT IS LIFTED THE FIGHT AGAINST INJUSTICE AND FOR DEMOCRACY GOES ON DENIS SCARD General Secretary National Office: 60/62 Clapham Road London SW9 OJJ

6 ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS 0 SEPTEMBER/CTOBER 1992 The IRSF calls for an Interim Government in South Africa which will pave the way to a non-racial, non-sexist and plural democracy Gwenda Banks Clive Brooks President GeneralSecretary Usdaw supports the ANC in its struggle to end apartheid through political pressure and fresh negotiations Show solidarity with South African trade unionists and the ANC President General Secretary AudreyWise D. Garfield Davies Union of ShopDistributive and Allied Workers . 188 Wilmnslow Road, Manchester M14 61_1

ANTIAPARTEID EWS *,SY 1E4 MmR1GIT Q#1R99t2 7 Fighting for rea Few South Afrn leadrs wear more hats than Moses Mayekiso. He is general secretaryof the metalworkers union Nu athe biggestafiate in Cosatu), a member of both the ANC's National Executive and the SACP's Central Committee, and president of the South African National Civic Organisation (Sanco). He is also chair of the Alexandra Civic Association, and~ of the C~ivic Associations of Southern Transvaal (Cast). On a brief visit to London last month, Anti-Apartheid News sked him about some of the key current issues. ;huldinassaioins onc -eonto there'sahiggapbetweenthetrade union movement ai the aliance because thy're not able to get infornation, to advise the ANC first hand and panipaw dheedy The alliance didn't push hard enough for the tade union Inosm enttoinvoied.There's asoitatl -,-.e t 4ahhwe htsin spet so,einvlved We'e geangupnow for Lhestage when all cions soxie should be Involved in the Assembly. PA Nw.Whedootthk an talk of liftmg sanctions, ending isolaton . AA News: The role of foreign -aia unider apartheid has -odtionswouldyou wishito see foreign hm'estrmeat? MM, Cosat. had -neconotirp coif -feen ..er.nywhere we dLs-s ed tvery - ,We said, lefshav a Codeof(--dulct whisthhasbeessdrawnupadw are-now selling it to the tripatite aliancewhichhasyetto espond aertain Code -ivetment must be not onlyforIt htbt alo for pm g lis, ofthepeoff. lt can t iust a blanket opeig to frign capital. UTnder apanheid captialism, investent hia created a huge gap in ten- of health, huonleasess, etr- ahy gaps, in fact, and the economy must respond to dhim. -t have , ANewvDoyohaveaspedd message for British trade say it's naio-i .s? foreign l- NM-We havent eteched the ,g the stgewhewecatalkofift.g Affican preasurs. So the trade uts,m GREETINGSAN D ESTWISHES TO THE NONRACIAL TRADE UNION MOVEMENIT I SOUTH AFRICA NO RELAXING OF SANCTIONS UNTIL ALL OBSTACLES TO NEGOTIATIONS HAVE BEEN REMOVED, THE VIOLENCE HAS BEEN ENDED, AND PROGRESS TO A FAIR AND DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY IS IRREVERSIBLE NORMAN WILLIS GeneralSecretary Chair TUC TUCGeneralCouncil TUC International C mmittee TUE RODNEY BICKERSTAFFE GAIED DAVIES ''

8 ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS 0 SEPTEMBER/OCTOER 1992 THE BATTLE FOR WAGES, J( South Africa's economy has shrunk in each of the past two years. A further decline is expected this year. Inflation is running at 16%. Business confidence is low because of the politicaL uncertainties shrouding the country's future. In this context, the non-racial trade union movement is fighting hard to defend jobs and living standards, and it sees this battle as integral to the struggle for democracy and final eradication of apartheid. Alan Brooks reports. COSATU, the Congress of South African Trade VJnions, the country's principal trade union centre, today has 14 affiliates with a total of neary 1.5 million members- roughly a quarter of the total work force. It started life in December 1985 with 33 affiliates representing 460,000 workers. It is strong in nearly all industrial and miningareas, but weak in rural areas - only 50,000 out of some 1 million workers on farms and WE forestryestatesareorganised,andtheyareoutsidethelabourlaws. D M N Since the start of this year, virtually everyone ofCosatu's 14 unions has been invovled in a major battle - against A L V N retrenchment, for inflation-proof wage increases, and above all forpeace and democracy. In the second quarter of 1992, offical figures show 650.000 person-days lost through industrial action, compared with 375,000 in the same period last year, but below the level of 1990. The world's media, which have downgraded South Africa and tend to focusonthe incidents ofviolence and the crises in negotiations - when not taking time off for the sexual antics of Eugene Terreblanche and Jani Allen - have largely ignored an extraordinary surge of activism by the members of the non-racial trade unions. -1 Marches and sit-ins, Tex workeor al thoughJom.sburgn23Jine992(sreportoo left) 0 Besides the trdto stie n sopgs eotdt when negotiations fail, the unions have been carrying out a series of marches and defiant sit ins in company offices in pursuit of their demands. In May nd June, memfers fte post-office union Potwa,themun uo o, the commercial union Saccawu and the railways and harbour union Sarhwu carried out marches, sit ins and pickets in most of the main centres. In Durban, Cape Town and Johannesburga total of60,OOmembersofthe predominantly female clothing and textile union tbok part in marches. Thus the massive response tothe ANC-led nationalstrike oi 3 and 4 August (reported on page 31 was achieved on the foundations laid in preceding months bythe Cosatu unions. And not only the Cosatu unions. Last month, fearful of international action to block TV coverage in South Africa of the Barcelona Olympics, the state-run SA Broadcasting Corporation caved in on the eve of the games to a two-month strike by 1,200 members of Mwasa (Media Workers Association of SA). It conceded a 15% wage demand, backdated to cover part of the period of the strike. the strikers were journalists, technicians and administrators, and their underlying grievance is the blatant racial discrimination in the Corporation's salary structure. Their union is affiliated to Nactu (National Council of Trade Unionsl which eschews Cosatu's non-racial approach and is close to the Pan-African Congress. A worker summit of rank-and-file members of Cositu and Nactu unions. and also involving white-collarworkersin ,f another federation (Fedsaw) and the right-wing Fltu, was planned for May, but has yet to take place. The fact that Nactu opposed the August national stayaway will have complicated the already slow talks about a possiblemerger f with Cosatu. -Ir . Eosploshme of m ortoliotlonal No1 corporation oor nol ta I p dot.al t tlosoi of the.i Et Rood factoy on 5 J 1902 Retr enit Retrenchment is a huge headache for the unions. The 6,000 employees were sacked in a dispute over payment strategy of trying to make sure that when a democratic National Unionof Mineworkers, onceCosatu'slargestaffiliate durng a previous strike-the workers went back with little to govemment Is finally elected it has few levers of power left but now overtaken by Numsa (covering the car, rubber, metal showfortheirpains. tograsp - employers have been trying to restructure their and engineering industries), reports job losses running at firmsandindustriessoastostayontopwhenthe'newSouth 3,000amonthonthemines.Thetextileandclothingunion Restnucturing Africa' emerges. Sactwu has lost 20,000 members through retrenchment. Underlying many of the wages-and-condtilons disputes IS a This is the fundamenal reason why the unions see the Numsawonamoratoriumonretrenchmentlnthecarand strategic battle over the economic'future. Paralleling the flghtageinatapartheidiadforgenunedemocracyatnatril, tyresectors lastyear. But lniulyittookabeating fromToyota regimes nationallevel prlvatisationprogrammeand attempts regional and local level, as centralto their responsibilities for ina49 aystri:lattshuge Ourbanplantwhere atone stage to regionalise state structures - two wings of the same their members welfare.

ANT-APWTEID NEWS @ ýSPEIIMfER/GCTOBER 1992 9 SOME" 800 lowspaid healtb workers have been sacked Thousands of union mebers have ]i arrested and released on bad. three have been assassimared and death trea and other acis of intinidation have been suffered by leading orga nisers. The ispui, which started in May, was still inmseolved at the end of August. The National Education Heath andAlledWoekerUaon (Nehawu) is striving to achieve an acro.s-theboard -crease of 15.3% and a mininum wage of i m e Ns of md mrt nJpport f t1thoer strilg colleag -nss.storym R724permonth (about £i34) compared with the current Tradeunionsinthebantust a,,,,pend pe i maneremplo-ye stats for THE position of trade unions in and pro-ANC, but has no deno- operation of South Afican trade its members who are treted South Africa's bantustans is cratic foundation. It started out unions - parof the effort to give as tëtmporaty, deupite having conplex and varied. There are trying ro suppress strikes and life to the fiction tf vdepers ~orkedinsoniease aismany tenlBatatan~nttttihaisateets Mropp~ges, hut under påesunue dence'.BstleNUMbasn au 15 years for the provincial ti which P~retoria ha delegated flnamCosmtuithawrmmagnitedthr to curnvent this and o~uaises health anthoriries political power whlst keeping unons. As the biggestnployee in the platinum nnes - albet The government side is theonan ecm omic sting, intheterritoryitsmainproblesaa with great diff'culty, sice man- headed, with stubborn intran Four of themn are 'inde- lie with the civil servanrs, who agement is happy to exploit the sigence, by the CFA (Cominspendent'-thoughnorrecogtited have wwon, a number of regme's antilabour ethos. sonfor Adtinstation), whicsh assuchbyanygovemnentother concesstons. * The Ciskei and Venda, both triggered the distputeby foring than South Africa's: b Bophuthatswna suffersunder unde litary regåmes, hae Nehau to withdraw from frut9 The Trkeli hasbeenruled the brutal dictatorship of Chief mure progressive labour.laws less talks and then tryig to since 1988, by a progreusive lucas Mangope - acgsably De thanBophutt n,especially ipöse a 9.2%wage setdenent .nsilaruheadedbyBdi~'adle ',lKesi-'E cto L-rckaly. Italawu the Cisketi Nut their record on a'eed withs~aUee,nore 'modHolomia.The reginelpopulist are des~gid to prohibit the bu rights w poor, erate' empkayer .nociatons which stayed in the talks. lnJane the Transvaal Prvincial Adinistration (TPA) applied for and got a cou order banning workers from hospital premises except when on duty. This blatant attempt to stifte workplace aecetings provoked a defiant response, and wildcat strikes spread fast. Retaltating, the TPA dismsscd some 7,200 workers, and its counter-part in the Orange Free State (OFS) , further 800. The future status of toe victiintrd in this way has now become a key issue. At least 59 hospitals are affected. But becaose-these hospitals and the other services affected serve only black communities, the go-eromem side feIls under no Pre~s-roshow the flexibility needed to reach a negotiated resolution. The strikers are mostly deanrs, laundry and kitchen staffand'clerk. Nurses ar mom ambivalent ahut the strike, and the umion's effon, torganise them t-el rehe,. Last monthhe homeoffBhelj Mkize, the unmediate pal president of Nehawu, was attacked by men a~nd witd guna, bcarndpeasandwho am,. suspeeted of being Inktha b Protsts should be sent to the CFA (atention Dr Lucas Stoop, director general, fax 010 27 12 323 2386), to the Transvaal ProvincialAdumnisuation(arten tinn Fanie Ferreira MEC. fax 010 2712325 7720) and to e 0ange -Fre Stamt Provincial Adminit strution (attention D Puttter, director, fatx 010 27 51 304 874). 9 Please send coples of all messages and protests to Neharu's i.tasional oc Mark Sweet, e/n 244 Misunt Pleasot Rogd, Lundon NI7 6E

,10 AN1qWARTE N.V4 0 SMBWR/OCTOE 19, SENDS GREETINGS TO ALL SOUTH AFRICAN WORKERS SUPPORTS THECAMPAIGN FOR A UNITED NON-RACIAL, NON-SEXIST AND DEMOCRATIC SOUTH AFRICA MSF, Park House, 64-66 Wandsworth Common Northside, London SW18 2SH. FREEPHONE: 0800 289819

ANTIAPARTHEID NEWS SEPTEMB/OCTOBER 1992 11 Ceasefire agreed in Mozambique Angola goes to the polls AFTER more than two years of cajoling and coaxing, Mozarn bique's PresidentlChissano finally managed to get Renamo's recalcitrantleaderAfonsoDlakamna, to agree on a timetable for a ceasefire in Rome early this August. The agreement, sealed by an embrace between President Chissano and Mr Dhlakama, commits both sides to a total cease-fire as from 1 October. After the signing ceremony President Chissano expressed regretthat the fighting, whichhas cost an estimated one million lives and displaced two million, was not to end at once, despite his offer of an immediate armistice. Mr Dhakama refused to sign an immediate ceasefire without what he terned 'political guarantees' about his own personal safety and the safety and freedom of movement of Renamo iembes - even though these rights have been guaranteed bythenew constitution. Many observers view Renamo's latest stalling as a way of secunng a more favourable position in the country prior to a ceasefire Almost immediately after the agreement in Rome it was reported that members of the notorious South African 31 and 32 Battalions stationed near the Mozambique border were being prepared to be 'integrated' into Renamo. The Mozambique general staff have also reported that Renamo fighters taied in Kenya have recently crossed over the Malawian border into the northem province of Tete. Meanwhile in Rome the two negotiating teams are dealing with the thorny question of integrating the two fighting forces into a single national army. The Mozambique, government wants a force of at least 35,000 which would include a 1,000-strong airforce and a navy of 800. Renamo insists on a total force of 15,000. As it does not have an airforce or navy it wants its share of these services added to is portion of army personnel. The mediators at the talks, of whom Zimbabwe's. President Robert Mugabe is the most prominent, will probably aim at a compromise figure around 25,000. Renamo's 'insistence on a smaller force, and the reports of trained fighters infiltrating Moambique before 1 October, can be understood in the light of the fact that most of Renamo's forces consist of poorly trained and press-ganged youths, some as young as 13 or less Namibia - illegal fishing still a problem AT THE END of July another Spanish trawler was arrested trawling in Namibia's northern waters. The activities of the Spanish fshing fleet off the south-west African coast has been a frequent sore point for the Namibian authorities since independence. The trawler was intercepted by a newly-repaired patrol boat and escorted back to the southern portofLuderitz with its cargo of fish Supporters of Namibia are hoping that the troika of K foreign ministers"visiting South Africa at the beginning of September will press South Africa to speedupthetramnsitioralarangements forWalvis Bay, the strategic enclave still run by Pretoria. Meanwhile the Norwegian government is threatening to cut aid to Namibia in criticism of the government's purchase of a R75 million executive jet aircraft for use by the state president. THERUINGMPLAParty,which led Angola to independence in 1975, faces an uphill battil as Angolansgo tothe polls on 29-30 September in what is hoped to be the fatal chapterofl30yearsof bitter conflict. The ceaseftre signed between the MPLA government and the Unita rebels in Portugal on 31 May 1991 has held remarkably well considerang the level of previous hostilities. As a result, the electoral process has progressed rapidly. By 31 July some 4.3 million voters had been registered, despite the appalling lack of air and roaditansport. An estimated further million are eligible for registration. The UN has sent 350 military observers and 126 civilian mootos to Angola and is recruiting more. The UN's Special Representative to Angola, Margaret Anstee, was in Washington recendy lobbying for more funds for desperately needed food, tents, helicopters and communications equipment, 'To guarantee free and fair elections,we mustmakesure that the process reaches the farthest corners of the country, that everybody who has the right to vote isregisteted. Otherwise there will be plenty of pretexts for the aggrieved loser who wants to make capital out of it,' she said. The electoral process, she added, is a detperate race against time'. Ms Anstee will probably not receive the same level of generosity in Washington as was regularly bestowed on Unita's leaderJonas gavimbi on his visits to the US. President Bush has allocated only US$14.5 million for the democratic and demobi lisation process in Angola - a fifth of the US$75 million a year Unita was receiving from the US during the fatal years of the war, and barely half the US$30 milion given to Unita even after the ceasefire had been signed. Terrible toil Etemal interests have taken a terrible toll of the people of Angola. Portuguese colonialism, apartheid and anti-Soviet cold war rivalries have all tumed this potentially rich country io a wartorn tragedy. The Angolan people have been in the front line of the battle against apartheid andhave paid dearly for. their huge contribution to Namibia's independence and apartheid's collapse. The war waged by Unita, with both US and South African backing, and the direct South Afican invasions have cost the country US$35-40 billion in lost production. The human cost has been worse. Well over half a million .Angolans have lost, their lives. The UN estimates that 331,000 children suffered from war- related deaths between 1981 and 1988. Another telling statiuc of this human tragedy is that over 40,000 people lost one or more limbs due to war, giving Angola the unenviable honourof having the highest number of amputees per capita in the world. A Nicaraguall anatogy? After spending many years sabotaging the MPLA's social and economy policy, through the destruction of, schools, hospitals, .transport ,iks and factories, and vetoing Angola's access to international finance, US polcymakhrs are hoping for a'Nicaragua-type' outcome to the elections. No onecanpredictwhattheir outcome will be. Many see the battle as a straight fight between the MPLA and Unita, Despite popular dissaisfactiriwith both the iiin parties, the 30-odd new political parties have failed to occpy the middle ground. To Luaid,'s shanty tows tome cynicism abot the political procesis apparent ih te graffiti 'MPLA steals, Uita kills' If Unita abides by the accords, ald somethig like a genuiely fair eleetiun taker place, the Angola. people will have their say come he end of September External interference may" have diiattshed bat its legacy still remains. t is not the ideal breeding grould fora new democracy. COHSE-NALGONUPE Towards COHSE Glen House, High Street Banbury, Surrey SM7 2LH Telephone: 0737 353322 NALGO 1 Mabledon Place, London WC1 H 9AJ Telephone: 071-388 2366 NUPE Olvic House, 20 Grand Depot Road, London SE18 6SF Telephone: 081 -854 2244 COSE - NAL0O NUPE support the Anti-Apartheid Movement's Month of Action for Peace and Democracy in South Africa and send solidarity greetings to sister unions NEHAWU and SAMWU

12 ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS 0 SEPTEMOM/OCTOBER 1992 THE ONE AND ONLY UNION FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKERS EXTENDS ITS FRATERNAL GREETINGS TO ALL CONSTRUCTION WORKERS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD CHAIRMAN PETER LENAHAN GENERAL SECRETARY GEORGE BRUMWELL lUNION OF CONSTRUCTION ALLIED TRADES & TECHNICIANS BIM TOGETHE__ UCAlT HOUSE, 177 ABBEVILLE ROAD, LONDON SW4 9RL IYV working together for a united, democratic and non-racial South Africa GMB - BRITAIN'S GENERAL UNION General Secretary: John Edmonds The NATIONAL UNION OF TEACHIERS Britain's biggest teachers' union, congratulates all teachers, students and trade unionists in South Africa in their continuing struggle against the evils of apartheid Lon Undegr- __ Branches Send Solidarity Greetings to our sister union, the South African Railway and Harbour Workers' Union (Sarhwu), a Cosatu affiliate and to the still struggling peoples of Southern Africa No more Boipatongs! NASUWT THE CAREIER TEACHIERS' OUSANISATION The National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women teachers salutes all teachers and students in South Africa engaged in the campaign for a democratic regime. We reaffirm our support for the AntiApartheid Movement. The NASUWT ,.calls on the government of South Africa-to introduce democratic, government.

ANTI-APA HTED NEWS M 1.E3UOCTOUB 9 IS During the week of the ANC-Ied Mass Action in South Africa, Birmingham AA was out on the streets twice. On both 3 and 7 Augustitmetwithvery postive public response in the itcentre. Its local petition is acquiring more signatures and many act iiites are planned for the autumn. For furtherinformation contactAndy Chaffer on 021-440 2623 tn solidaritywiththc Miass

14 A14TI-APARTEID NEWS 0SEWTEIWBER/OCTOBER 1992 TGWU Northern Region Sends Greetings to all those working for FREEDOM IN SOUTH AFRICA Regional Secretary Joe Mills Regional Chairperson Colin Dale Thr Society of Telecom Executives, which represents managerial and professional staff in the telecommunications industry in the UK, sends solidarity greetings to all trade unionists in South Africa. We remain committed to your struggle to abolish apartheid and establish a democratic, non-racial South Africa. M00- Britain's biggest civil service union supports the struggle for full democracy in South Africa. Marion Chambers (President) Barry Reamsbottom (General Secretary) The GRAPHICAL, PAPER & MEDIA UNION supports the positive role played by COSATU and the Trade Union Movement in South Africa Bryn Griffiths General President Tony Dubbins General Secretary Keys House, 63 - 67 Bromham Road. Bedford nucps PEACE AND DEMOCRACY IN SOUTH AFRICA Stop the Violence End Apartheid NOW! NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PROBATION OFFICERS 3-4 Chivalry Road, London SWi 1HT sends greetings to the AAM and the trade union movement in South Africa NAPO calls for sanctions now and the release of all political prisoners FIRE' BRIDES UNION 081 541 1765 In solidarity with A.A.M, sends greetings to the A.N.C in it's struggle for freedom, justice and equality in South Africa. RONNIE SCOTr KEN CAMERON PRESIDENT GENERAL SECRETARY SOUTH AFRICAN WOMENS DAY N FREEDOM N for IIAUGUST 9th 19931 U We pledge our continuing support to your struggle p WOMENS ADVISORY COMMITTEE IMPROVING LINKS "' EACE ADVISORY COMMITTEE E A ~ MILNDS DIV)ItSO LESLIE CHRISTIE General Secretary PETER LAMB President

Mozambique:~~~~~*w~MIE1OYOW 19921.5h hf~yosp aln(odn:ae ury 11 Mozambique: Who calls the shots ?by Jseph Harilon (Lotin: James Curry 91 £11.95 pbk. The tragedy of Mozambique As the Mozambican people approach the phase of a ceasefire in the long-standing South African-backed war of destahilisationtitisworthrecallinghow damaging that war has been to the dreams of sodal justice that marked the independence of, Mozambiquein 1975. FewAfrican countries then could match the country's equitable food- distributionsystemsinthemaintowns. the virtually free health delivery system- inthe captal and forthe country - or the great drfve i youth and adult education. Joseph Hanlon's boolk itemnises how in the decade of the 1980s many of the plane and hopes were dashed by South African-controlled terrorism of the so-called Mozambique National Resistance (MNR or Renaoo) by droughtandfamine, and by South African sabotage and destabilisation, despite the Nkomati Agreement of 1984. Mozambicans bled to death at thlir tens of thousands, and were driven from their homes in their hundreds of thousands. A recent World Bank report cited by Hanlon categorises Mozambique as the world's otorest, hnniestmost indebted, ot d-dependent country Althou i- o thiri word d countries- 'hallege Mozambique the ihaitingloriosts posiinu at the Lo of a world league table, ~th ue's ide dence of > thd action has enlargly The thrust of Hanlon's work is that South Africa's destabili- NSF Blackpool Branch sends greetings to all Trade Unionists in South Africa in their struggle against apartheid K.A.BROWN VWth complments sation forced Mozambique into dependence on foreign aid. As Mozambican life blood drained away, the donor countries and agenciescoulddeemune fundamental policy and usurp the role ofthe Mozambican government. * . Until early 1983 all development projects were under the direct control of Mozaimbican 5oveirmentministries, but in the context of Mozambique's warinduced vlhetability, 'by late 1983 the delegationswere floodtog unchecked .in Maputo from international organisations, biltger'l donors, and NGOs.' The no govontental organisations provided what Hanlon calls the 'shock troops. The book's recurni argument is'that d6nors-have used aid toweaken and break theMozambican government. One of its illustrations is the phenomenally successful low-coo food cation system introduced in Maputo in 1981 and Beira in 1986. It was unpleasing to the Intemational Monetary Fund(IMF). AsMozambiquiewassubjectedin1987 toan externally enforced structural adjustment, food prices soared and safeguards for the urban population went haywire. By mid-1988 the basic ration was being left unclaimed in the shops. The World Bank wassoon predicting a decrease in nutrition levelsinthe cties, and the Maputo Central Hospital saw a five-fold incease inadmissin- ofisevmly malnourished children between April 1988 and April 1990. Between the banks and the bandits the Mozambican people weregrroly squeezed. AsHanlon comments 'Both destabilisation IR$SF nkid Rn ueStaff Fedetdan, Birminghom Taxes ond Cotled go Birn(he SENDS SOUDARffY GREETINGS TO ALL TRADE UNIONISTS IN STRUGGLE IN SOUTH AFRICA GRAMPIAN AND SHETLAND AMALGAMATED BRANCH SUPPORTS A-A IN ITS STRUGGLE AND WISHES IT CONTINUING SUCCESS and the IMF have targeted health and education.' "Noing that structural adjustment is possihly unworkable in time of war ad perhaps incompatible with. genuine democracy, hehin sthat apeacefltMozanbiiquemitystill' be able to salvage a 'social democratic mid-way between market and planned economy.' Burmanyfriendof Mozabique will feel that thetnxcitement and interest of the erly years of independence are lost for ever. The'iHisyof: Black Mineworkers in South Africa Vol I (1871-1948) by VL Allen, The Moor Press, £18.00 A inspiring history of miners VIC AILEN has dedicated Volume I of thishistry to 'the wmilions of black mineworkers, whohavebeenusedandmaimed and rhose lives haye even been claimed to create a prosperity in South Africa in which they have never been allowed to share'. It's true that this is a story of exploitation andoppression, but itisfar from being merelyastory A Trumpet fTom the Housetops by Lionel Forman. Selected writings, editud by Sadie Forman and Andre Odendaal (Zed Books, London, 1992) 230 pp, pbk £12.95 Politics, history and theory Lionel Forman, a brilliant young Cape Town lawyer and socialist activist, with a deep interest in history and current affairs, was cut off in his prime by heart diseaseanddiedin 1959aged3l. Now for the first time a selection of his historical and polerical writigs has beeonmade available and our thanks are due to the editors aricipblishrora g this initiative Forman was an original and idiosyncratic thinler, often at odds with his left-wing contemporaries. He wrote sharply, and with unabashed Marxist fervour, ROMFORD NCU SENDS GREETINGS AND SUPPORT FOR ALL TRADE UNIONISTS IN SOUTH AFRICA IN-THEIR STRUGGLE AGAINST APARTHEID MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY BRANCH OF NALGO sends solidarity greetings to all trade unionists in South Africa. We pledge our support for their struggle for democracy and freedom always searching for profound explanations. This selection will be of great value to those interested in South Africa's history in the past century, to Marxists, and to many others anxious to broaden their vision of South Africa and especially of the complex problems of tribalism and narionalism. As Jack and Ray Simon, observe in their Preface: 'We IaauatioMOiorId)hposibL1sy and importance of histo graphy, of trying to understand not only what people did, but why, and the consequences of their actions for future generations.' MSF WESSXI BRANCH SENDS GREETINGS AND SUPPORT TO ALL TRADE UNIONISTS IN STRUGGLE IN SOUTH AFRICA STOP THE VIOLENCE: PEACE AND DEMOCRACY N 0 W! EASTERN REGION Suppor the , nonstrabon mr Wedwyn Garden city 0on 12 Septeber, 1992 L BE THERE~ ofvictimisation. Dealingwjth the xears between 1971 abd- 1948, de histrory is subtitled 'The Techniques of Resistance' sad'i. chrodiclesvictoriesofthe human spiritwhichwill inspire whoever reads it. One of the most imprtant elements in the fight againift apartheid has been the surge forward over the past decade of industrial trade unionisstnong black South Africans - but such is the nature of recorded 'history' and imtenai9nalsws reporting that it's too easily forgotten that this drgeforward draws its strength (and many strategies) from struggles stretching back over geneqtions. Black mineworkers have beentotheforein thesestruggles, not least because theirindustries (producingoal, diamonds, gold, copper; platinum) are vital and central to the South African economy. From the dispossession of black Africans of their land by the Boer republics, and the complexwayinvhichmtgratory tribal habits were eploIted by white landowners and mineowiers, the book detads the nature of racism in the South African mining indsries,. It shows how racism was institutionalised to create a stockade in which geneions of blacknmuneworkers would live their lives, and social analysis of apatheid and a sense of why and how something so terrible could' survive as it has, Thris frst volune gives as much inforuation as possible about the African Mineworkers' Union whlch although It funconed and struggled from the late 1920s until 1947 apparently left no known recoids - one imason, perhapswhy thecreation in the early 1980S of the National Unionof M eworkers appeared to'the outside world to be the birth of trade aunionism among black miners. One of the milestone episodesdescribed is the African Mineworkers' Union 1946 strike over wages and conditions, it was seen by the South African state as revolutionary, a s trugle which must he crsbefr, anq dthe savagery deployed againtas pat of the stato srlalz'thyat ushered in apartheid as it has been known for the pr 45 years. In 1986, the president and (then) general secretary of the South African NUM, James Motatsi and Cyril Ramaphosa, came as fraternal delegates to the Boitis NUIM's anmulconferensce. They told us that . selecting a name fortheir own' ina few years earlier, they had looked to thestaggles of the British maner and had apulngly chosen a tide which for them synbolied the essence of trade unionism What ourcolleagues inSouth Afra have enduredandtine theBrii, ..... reading the first vo-ue of their -' feeling fslcat ihte For NUM brandes and lodg-s, for trade unionists everywhere, this book is well worth purchasing, reading and discussing. South Africans reclaim their history A NEW centre documenting the history and culture ofthestruggle for a democratic outhAfrica has been opened in Cape Town. It hou the entire photographic, Oim, uvideo and publications collecton of the Iuernational Defence' and Aid Pond for Southem Afica (lOAF), one of thelargest of86ln thde word. Tle Mayibyu Centre ('Let it reluo') was officially p ed at the Univrut of the Westem Cape on 28 Julyby PaUJorodan,a member of the ANC's national executive and head of its information department. Through the Cantemhe said, South Africans were recovering the pastthathad been denied to them through dispossession and exploitation, andaialuirgaclaimonihe um. The slogan 'layibuye' was a constant reminder of the objeclives of the liberation snuggle that stil bad is be realised. Pallo Jordan also launched the Mayibuye Centre's History and literatufe series, one of the largest urips- ilpublising ventures in South Africa, It' includes 32 previously banned titles from IDAF and Kfiptown Books, nos reissued in South Africa ipartnership s vdlj Cape Torpublslningumpany David Pilip. Oneofthe newtiesreleased A Trumpetjfomthe Housetst reviewed on this page, is avail able in the UK from Zed Books, Editors Sadie Forman andAndre Odendaal were present at the launch together with previously banned writers and poets Wally Serote, Jack and Ray Simons, Barry Feinberg and Brian Bunting. The IDAF archives were transferred to Cape Town when IDAF closed its London headquarters in June 1991. Material has since been donated by more than 50 prominent individuals and organisations, including Govan Idheki, Bamey Desa", Peter Haim, Ahed Kadcada, the United Democratic Front, South African Non-Racial Olympic Commattee(Sanroc)andthelrish Anti-Apartheid Movement. The Mayibuye Centre will serve as an archive on the liberationstruggleandamuseam recatlingSouth Afdieoiapasdieid past, It aims to reach out to the community through a varied programme of exhibitions, film and video shows, theatre, con ferences and workshops, talks and music fr stivals. The Maylbi.ye Centre canbe contactedat the University of the Western Cape, Private Bai X17, Belville 7535, South Africa, tel 021-959 2954, fax 021-9513627.

16 ANIAPARtEID NEWS 4 SEPIIEMEIER/OC%3ER 1992 Sat 12 Sept STOP THE VIOLENCE DEMOCRACY NOW! DEMO 11-14 Sept LEAFLETING OF RA LWAY STATIONS Sun 13 Sept LIBERAL DEMOCRATS AGAINST APARTHEID Meeting, .pm, Royal Baths, Harrogate Wed 30 Sept LABOUR PARTY CONFERENCE Fringe meetwig 5.45-7.5pm, Winter Gardens, Blackpool Tues 6 Oct AAMM MEETING AT TORY PARTY CONFERENCE 5.45pm, Old Ship Hotel, Brighton Mon 12 Oct DAY OF ACTION ON POLITICAL PRISONERS Picket 6-7pm, SA embassy, London Sat 12 Dec AAM AGM 11 «) MEMBERS'MWISLETER Dear Member. ASE preprehisNewslrrer, the NationtalgE;ecutive Commutter of the African Natonat Congress is concluding a three-dy meetvig at which it as been reviewmtg t dectsion tr biaek off negotiaions. The outCOme "is repored on page 1 At ie ante time DouglasHurd has been in South Africa at the heart of the Troika mission of EC Foreign Ministers (see p 2) Wewould like to take thoisOp utnityof expessing our appreiation for all ie support which we have received forourcanirptr actvtiesoverthe sunrer period. It has been very iroportantiat we have been able to demonitrate continuedIntemational solidarity at this ctstical stage in Soufi Africa. Now we plan tomake September 1992 aMoathof Aftlon fle Pe andDemoca yIn SouthIc~ The first week ofAugust saw South Africa brought to a halt as the ANC stepped up its campaign of Mass Action for Peaeandt Democacy. ~heady this canpag has gready inereased intetnal pressures on the De Klerkeegime. Butcese pressures need tobe ni d intematironally, and therefore we must sustain the campignswehavebeenorgasingsincethedeadlock at Codesa and tie Boipatong massacre The AAM Executive met in August and decided to declare September '92 a Month of Action for Peace and Democrmy, during which we can fink our campaign to stop the violence with the campagn fora democratic South Afnica. The an of tie Month ofAction istomohilise action in B ritaiandinternationaily,-speciily l thEuropean Cortmrunity, behind the campag for +,eace and denocry. In paricular we am pressing the case for: * action to end tfhe violece, icludung effectlre inteetionat moitonring t the releaseof a//politcal pisoners, the establisheent of a demoraicaUy eleted Constitent Assembly to drase up a unew constiuison * OPposition to any white veto'; I tie cmation of an Irteim overmentof Nanonal I Uity. During the month we ned to mobilise the mnaxumin ossii pr.s.ure on fie De Klesk reg-e, dret tL as wil as onthetisIv m ntffihe Eneopean Conumalty We are tirefl pessling fot tilemméäpositiòn oftflésanctiomsmeasrrfted stce fhe eleaae of Nelson Mandela and to keep up tle boycotl caep Ihe mouth opend with Arehbishop Hoddleton reneweñg tie appeal to the naror supermarketchams to suppothe oycott, tgether wth ahglysuccessful picket of the Säinshury's headqartees. Local anti apritheid groups will keepigup the pressure duringtfie mostlaswrell rgasung specl leafleting ofBRstationsovertheweekLendof It -4Septfocusing onite massacees of conmuters. The highlighat of the monh will be tie dernosoationon 12 Septmber at BroketHal, Hetfordshie, to coincide witl the meetig of EC foretgu mrniers, Copies of the 12-pageiernorandum presentedby the Liaison Group of E C Arti-ApanhedMovemels to dhe Troika ii June, and of tie six-page rejoinder from the For-i Office, rrre obtainabe from the offie. We have also produced anew postcard directed at the foreign sieoearcllnfortfil Bntsh govemment to play a much more active role in prooting peace and denocrcy ie South Aforia. You ca help now b Contact your lc