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DAWLADDA PUNTLAND PUNTLAND GOVERNMENT EE SOOMAALIYA OF SOMALIA Ministry of Planning & International Cooperation Wasaaradda Qorsheynta & Iskaashiga Caalamiga

PUNTLAND GOVERNMENT OF SOMALIA

MINISTRY OF PLANNING AND INTERNATIONAL

COOPERATION

DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS

PUNTLAND FACTS AND FIGURES

5th Edition

2009

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... i LIST OF TABLES ...... ii LIST OF CHARTS ...... v PREFACE...... ix 1.INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1.Historical Background...... 1 1.2.Puntland State of Somalia...... 2 1.3.Trends of Political and Constitutional Development ...... 2 2.GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE ...... 3 2.1.Location...... 3 2.2.Area ...... 3 2.3.Climate ...... 3 3.ADMINISTRATIVE SUB-DIVISION ...... 4 3.1.Structure of the State...... 4 3.2.Capital ...... 4 3.3.Other Major Towns...... 4 3.4.Major Port ...... 4 4.POPULATION ...... 4 4.1.Vital Statistics...... 5 4.2.Population Density ...... 5 5.RELIGION ...... 5 6.LANGUAGES ...... 5 7.LIVESTOCK ...... 5 8.FISHERY...... 13 9.CULTIVATION...... 23 10.FRANKINCENSE ...... 25 11.KHAT...... 27 12.ECONOMY...... 28 13.TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION...... 92 14.EDUCATION ...... 97 15.HEALTH ...... 116 16.MISCELLANEOUS ...... 110

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1:Estimated Population of Livestock: 1999 - 2002 (Millions)...... 5 Table 2:Livestock for Slaughtering- Average Market Price for Bossaso, Galkacyo and Garowe: 2000- 2008(So.Sh) (Thousands) ...... 7 Table 3:Livestock for Export- Average Market Price in Bossaso, Galkacyo and Garowe: 2000 – 2008 So.Sh) (Thousands) ...... 9 Table 4:Goat and Sheep Slaughtered in Slaughter House in Galkacyo: 2000 – 2008 (Heads)(Thousands) ...... 10 Table 5:Fish for Domestic Consumption - Average Tuna and Mackerel Price Per Medium Piece in Bossaso: 2000 - 2008(So.Sh) (Thousands) ...... 13 Table 6:Fish for Export- Average Market Price per Kg in Bossaso: 2000 - 2008(USD)...... 16 Table 7:Lobster for Export- Average Market Price per Kg: 2000 - 2008 ...... 20 Table 8:Shark Fin for Export - Average Market Price per Kg in Bossaso: 2000 - 2008(USD)...... 21 Table 9:Rainfall for Selected Towns in Puntland: 2000 - 2008(mm)...... 24 Table 10:Frankincense for Export- Average Market Price per Kg in Bossaso: 2000- 2008(USD) ...... 26 Table 11:Estimated Arrival of Khat in Puntland: 2003-2008 (Kg) (Thousands)...... 27 Table 12:Monthly Average Exchange Rate* for So.Sh per 1 USD: 2001 - 2008(Thousands)...... 28 Table 13:State Government Revenue and Expenditure: 1999 – 2008 (So.Sh) (Billions) ...... 30 Table 14:State Bank of Puntland Income and Expenditure: 1999 – 2008 (So.Sh) (Billions)...... 32 Table 15:Import through Bossaso Port: 1997 (Tonnes) ...... 34 Table 16:Import through Bossaso Port: 1998 (Tonnes) ...... 35 Table 17:Import through Bossaso Port: 1999 (Tonnes) ...... 36 Table 18:Import through Bossaso Port: 2000 (Tonnes) ...... 38 Table 19:Import through Bossaso Port: 2001 (Tonnes) ...... 39 Table 20:Import through Bossaso Port: 2002 (Tonnes) ...... 41 Table 21:Import through Bossaso Port: 2003 (Tonnes) ...... 42 Table 22:Import through Bossaso Port: 2004 (Tonnes) ...... 43 Table 23:Import through Bossaso Port: 2005 (Tonnes) ...... 45 ii …... Table 24:Import through Bossaso Port: 2006 (Tonnes) ...... 46 Table 25:Import through Bossaso Port: 1997 - 2008 (Tonnes)...... 47 Table 26:Annual Import through Bossaso Port: 1997 - 2008(Tonnes) ...... 49 Table 27:Exports through Bossaso Port: 1997...... 50 Table 28:Exports through Bossaso Port: 1998...... 51 Table 29:Exports through Bossaso Port: 1999...... 53 Table 30:Export through Bossaso Port: 2000...... 54 Table 31:Export through Bossaso Port: 2001...... 55 Table 32:Export through Bossaso Port: 2002...... 56 Table 33:Export through Bossaso Port: 2003 (No.)...... 58 Table 34:Exports through Bossaso Port: 2004 (No.)...... 60 Table 35:Exports through Bossaso Port: 2005 (No.)...... 61 Table 36:Export through Bossaso Port: 2006 (No.)...... 62 Table 37:Export through Bossaso Port: 2007(No.) ...... 64 able 38:Export through Bossaso Port: 2008(No 65 Table 38:Annual Export through Bossaso Port: 1997 - 2008(No.) ...... 66 Table 39:Local Government Revenue and Expenditure: 2000 - 2008(So.Sh)(Hundred Thousands) ...... 68 Table 40:Market Prices for Selected Commodities: 2003 (So.Sh) (Thousands)...... 77 Table 41:Market Prices for Selected Commodities: 2004 (So.Sh) (Thousands)...... 79 Table 42:Market Prices for Selected Commodities: 2005 (So.Sh) (Thousands)...... 80 Table 43:Market Prices for Selected Commodities: 2006 (So.Sh) (Thousands)...... 81 Table 44:Market Prices for Selected Commodities: 2007 (So.Sh) (Thousands)...... 82 Table 45:Estimated Demand for Electricity: 2002 - 2010 (kw/h) (Millions)...... 86 Table 46:Water Sources by Region in Puntland: 2002 - 2008 (No.) ...... 87 Table 47:Small Industries in Puntland: 2002 - 2008 (No.) ...... 90 Table 48:Telephone Charges per Minute: 2000 - 2008 (So.Sh)...... 92 Table 49:Arrival of Ships and Dhows in Bossaso: 2000 - 2008(No) ...... 93 Table 50:Registered Public and Private Vehicles: 1998 - 2008 (No.)...... 94 Table 51:Import of Fuel: 2000 - 2008 (Ltr) (Millions) ...... 96 Table 52:Primary Education- Distribution of Schools, Classes and Teachers:2002 - 2008 (No.) ...... 97 Table 53:Secondary Education- Enrolment by Gender 2003 - 2008(No.)...... 102 Table 54:East Africa University- Enrolment by Gender: 2000 – 2008 (No.)...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 55:Bossaso Vocational Institutions- Students Enrolled: 2005-2008 (No)Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 56:Puntland State University (PSU): 2006 ...... 107 Table 57:Puntland State University (PSU):2008 ...... 109 iii …... Table 58:Garowe Teachers Education College: 2005-2008...... 111 Table 59:East Africa University Bossaso 2006-2008...... 113 Table 60:Availability of Health Personnel: 2005 (No.)...... 122 Table 61:Availability of Health Personnel: 2007/2008...... 123 Table 62:Availability of Health Personnel: 2006 (No) ...... 125 Table 63:Availability of Health Facilities: 2002 - 2008 (No.) ...... 130 Table 64:Immunization of Children under 5 years: 2003 - 2005...... 109 Table 65:Distribution of Mothers by Place of Delivery: 2004 (Percentage)...... 110 Table 66:Distribution of Urban Population by Usage of Health Facilities: 2004(Percentage)...... 110 Table 67:Health Indicators: 2004...... 110 Table 68:Summery of Hospital Activities for Puntland - Most Common/Severe Morbidities , Most common OPD, Type of Admin, Mortality Cases by Cause-2005-2006 ...... 110 Table 69:Summery of Hospital Activities for Puntland - 2006-2008...... 110 Table 70:Regional Distribution of NGOs: 2002 - 2008 ...... 110 Table 71:Yearly Puntland Road Accident Statistics- 2005...... 110 Table 72:Yearly Puntland Road Accident Statistics- 2006...... 110 Table 73:Yearly Puntland Road Accident Statistics- 2008...... 110 Table 74:College SIITBA 2007/2008...... 110 Table 75:Nugaal University (Las-Anod) 2007/2008...... 110 Table 76:Haji Abdi Health Training Institute 2007/2008...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 77:State Bank of Puntland Liabilities and Assets 2006-2008...... 110 Table 78:State Bank of Puntland- Liabilities 2006-2008 ...... 110 Table 79:Inflation in Puntland with Base Year 2005 in Percentage ...... 110

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LIST OF CHARTS

Chart 1: Estimated Population of Livestock: 1999 - 2002 (Millions) ...... 5 Chart 2: Goat and Sheep Slaughtered in Slaughter House in Galkacyo: 2000 – 2008 (Heads)(Thousands) – Monthly trends...... 11 Chart 3: Goat and Sheep Slaughtered in Slaughter House in Galkacyo: 2000 – 2008 (Heads)(Thousands) –Annual Total ...... 11 Chart 4: Fish for Domestic Consumption - Average Tuna and Mackerel Price Per Medium Piece in Bossaso: 2000 - 2008(So.Sh) (Thousands) – annual total...... 14 Chart 5: Fish for Domestic Consumption - Average monthly Tuna Price per Medium Piece in Bossaso: 2000 - 2008(So.Sh) (Thousands)...... 15 Chart 6: Fish for Domestic Consumption - Average monthly Mackerel Price per Medium Piece in Bossaso: 2000 - 2008(So.Sh) (Thousands)...... 16 Chart 7: Fish for Export- Average Market Price per Kg in Bossaso: 2000 - 2008(USD)...... 18 Chart 8: Fish for Export- Average Market Price per Kg for Pelagic in Bossaso: 2000 - 2008(USD) .... 19 Chart 9: Lobster for Export- Average Market Price per Kg: 2000 - 2008...... 21 Chart 10: Rainfall for Selected Towns in Puntland: 2000 - 2008(mm) ...... 24 Chart 11: Frankincense for Export- Average Market Price per Kg in Bossaso: 2000- 2008(USD)...... 26 Chart 12: Estimated Arrival of Khat in Puntland: 2003-2008 (Kg) (Thousands) ...... 27 Chart 13: Monthly Average Exchange Rate* for So.Sh per 1 USD: 2001 - 2008(Thousands)...... 29 Chart 14: Annual Average Exchange Rate* for So.Sh per 1 USD: 2001 - 2008(Thousands) ...... 29 Chart 15: State Government Revenue and Expenditure: 1999 – 2008 (So.Sh) (Billions)...... 32 Chart 16: State Bank of Puntland Income and Expenditure: 1999 – 2008 (So.Sh) (Billions) ...... 34 Chart 17: Import through Bossaso Port: 1997 - 2005 (Tonnes) ...... 35 Chart 18: Import through Bossaso Port: 1997 (Tonnes)...... 36 Chart 19: Import through Bossaso Port: 1999 (Tonnes)...... 37

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Chart 20: Import through Bossaso Port: 2000 (Tonnes)...... 39 Chart 21: Import through Bossaso Port: 2001 (Tonnes)...... 41 Chart 22: Import through Bossaso Port: 2002 (Tonnes)...... 42 Chart 23: Import through Bossaso Port: 2003 (Tonnes)...... 43 Chart 24: Import through Bossaso Port: 2004 (Tonnes)...... 44 Chart 25: Import through Bossaso Port: 2005 (Tonnes)...... 45 Chart 26: Import through Bossaso Port: 2006 (Tonnes)...... 47 Chart 27: Import through Bossaso Port: 2007 (Tonnes)...... 48 Chart 27: Import through Bossaso Port: 2008 (Tonnes)...... 48 Chart 28: Annual Imports through Bossaso Port: 1997 - 2008(Tonnes)...... 50 Chart 29: Exports through Bossaso Port: 1997...... 51 Chart 30: Exports through Bossaso Port: 1998...... 52 Chart 31: Exports through Bossaso Port: 1999...... 54 Chart 32: Export through Bossaso Port: 2000...... 55 Chart 33: Export through Bossaso Port: 2001...... 56 Chart 34: Export through Bossaso Port: 2002...... 57 Chart 35: Export through Bossaso Port: 2003(No.)...... 60 Chart 36: Exports through Bossaso Port: 2004...... 61 Chart 37: Exports through Bossaso Port: 2005 (No.)...... 62 Chart 38: Export through Bossaso Port: 2006 (No.)...... 63 Chart 39: Export through Bossaso Port: 2007(No.)...... 65 Chart 39: Export through Bossaso Port: 2008(No.)...... 65 Chart 40: Annual Export through Bossaso Port: 1997 - 2008(No.)...... 68 Chart 41: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure - Bossaso: 2000 - 2008(So.Sh) ...... 69 Chart 42: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure - Galkacyo: 2000 - 2008(So.Sh)...... 71 Chart 43: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure - Garowe: 2000 - 2008(So.Sh) ...... 71 Chart 44: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure - Lascanod: 2003 - 2006(So.Sh) ...... 72 Chart 45: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure - Gardo: 2005 - 2008(So.Sh) ...... 73 Chart 46: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure - comparison among towns: 2000...... 73 Chart 47: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure - comparison among towns: 2002...... 74 Chart 48: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure - comparison among towns: 2004...... 75 Chart 49: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure - comparison among towns: 2006...... 75 Chart 50: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure - comparison among towns: 2007...... 77 Chart 50: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure - comparison among towns: 2008...... 77 Chart 51: Estimated Demand for Electricity: 2002 - 2010 (kw/h) (Millions) ...... 87 vi …... Chart 52: Water Sources in Puntland: 2002 - 2008-Total count (No.)...... 89 Chart 53: Small Industries in Puntland: 2002 - 2008 (No.)...... 91 Chart 54: Telephone Charges per Minute: 1998 - 2008 (So Sh)...... 93 Chart 55: Arrival of Ships and Dhows in Bossaso: 2000 - 2008(No)-Annual total...... 94 Chart 56: Registered Public and Private Vehicles: 1999 - 2008 (No.)...... 96 Chart 57: Import of Fuel: 2000 - 2008 (Ltr) (Millions) ...... 97 Chart 58: Primary Education- Distribution of Schools, Classes and Teachers: 2002 - 2008 (No.)...... 100 Chart 59: Primary Education- Distribution of Pupils per Region, 2002 - 2008 (No) ...... 101 Chart 60: Primary Education- Distribution of Pupils, 2002 - 2008 (No)-Annual totals...... 102 Chart 61: Secondary Education- Regional total Enrolment: 2003 - 2008 (No.) ...... 105 Chart 62: Secondary Education- Total Enrolment by Gender: 2003 - 2008 (No.) ...... 105 Chart 63: Secondary Education- Annual Average Enrolment by Gender per Region: 2003 – 2008...106 Chart 64: Secondary Education- Enrolment by Gender: 2003 - 2008 (No.)...... 106 Chart 65: East Africa University- Total Enrolment: 2000 – 2008 (No.)...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Chart 66: East Africa University- Faculty Enrolment by Gender: (No.)...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Chart 67: East Africa University- Faculty Enrolment proportion ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Chart 68: Bossaso Vocational Institutions- Total Students Enrolled: 2005-2008 (No)....Error! Bookmark not defined. Chart 69: Bossaso Vocational Institutions- Students Enrolled by Gender: 2005-2008...Error! Bookmark not defined. Chart 70: Puntland State University (PSU) enrolment by gender: 2006 ...... 108 Chart 71: Puntland State University (PSU) proportion of enrolment by faculty: 2006...... 108 Chart 72: Puntland State University (PSU) student’s population by gender: 2007...... 109 Chart 72: Puntland State University (PSU) student’s population by gender: 2008...... 109 Chart 73: Puntland State University (PSU) student’s distribution by faculty: 2007...... 110 Chart 73: Puntland State University (PSU) student’s distribution by faculty: 2008...... 110 Chart 74: Garowe Teachers Education College-enrolment by gender: 2005-2008 ...... 111 Chart 75: Garowe Teachers Education College-distribution of student population by department: 2005- 2008………………...... 112 Chart 76: East Africa University Bossaso enrolment by gender: 2006-2008...... 114 Chart 77: East Africa University Bossaso student distribution by faculty: 2007...... 114 Chart 78: Availability of Health Personnel: 2005 (No.)...... 123 Chart 79: Availability of Health Personnel: 2007...... 125 Chart 80: Availability of Health Personnel: 2006 (No)...... 127 Chart 81: Availability of Health Personnel – total number of staff: 2006 (No) ...... 128 vii …... Chart 82: Availability of Health Facilities: 2002 - 2008 (No.)...... 131 Chart 83: Availability of Health Facilities-total no. of facilities per region: 2002 - 2008 (No.) ...... 108 Chart 84: Availability of Health Facilities- regional trends: 2002 - 2008 (No.)...... 108 Chart 85: Immunization of Children under 5 years: 2003 - 2005...... 109 Chart 86: Immunization of Children under 5 years - No. Vaccinated: 2003 - 2005...... 110 Chart 87: Immunization of Children under 5 years-trends: 2003 - 2005 ...... 110 Chart 88: Distribution of Mothers by Place of Delivery: 2004 (Percentage) ...... 110 Chart 89: Distribution of Urban Population by Usage of Health Facilities: 2004(Percentage)...... 110 Chart 90: Summery of Hospital Activities for Puntland ...... 110 Chart 91: Summery of Hospital Activities for Puntland - the Most Common/Severe Morbidities-2005- 2006…………………………………………………………………………………………...110 Chart 92: Summery of Hospital Activities for Puntland - the Most Common/Severe Morbidities/Mortality Cases by Cause 2005-2006 ...... 110 Chart 93: Summery of Hospital Activities for Puntland - 2007...... 110 Chart 93: Summery of Hospital Activities for Puntland - 2008...... 110 Chart 94: Summery of Hospital Activities for Puntland - Per region - 2007...... 110 Chart 94: Summery of Hospital Activities for Puntland - Per region - 2008...... 110 Chart 95: Summery of Hospital Activities for Puntland - The Most Common/Severe Morbidities / Mortality Cases by Cause - 2007...... 110 Chart 96: Regional Distribution of NGOs- NGOs operated by Men/women: 2002 - 2008 ...... 110 Chart 97: Yearly Puntland Road Accident Statistics- 2005 ...... 110 Chart 98: Yearly Puntland Road Accident Statistics- 2006 ...... 110 Chart 99: Yearly Puntland Road Accident Statistics- 2007 ...... 110 Chart 99: Yearly Puntland Road Accident Statistics- 200 110 Chart 100: Yearly Puntland Road Accident Statistics- Trends-2005-2008 ...... 110 Chart 101: Yearly Puntland Road Accident Statistics- regional Trends-2005-2008...... 110 Chart 102: College SIITBA 2007...... 110 Chart 102: College SIITBA 2008...... 110 Chart 103: Nugaal University (Las-Anod) 2007...... 110 Chart 103: Nugaal University (Las-Anod) 2007...... 110 Chart 104: State Bank of Puntland - Assets 2006-2008 ...... 110 Chart 105: State Bank of Puntland - Liabilities -2006-2008...... 110 Chart 106: Inflation in Puntland with Base Year 2005 in Percentage( 2006-2008) ...... 110

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PREFACE

The Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation (MOPIC) has the honour to present the 2009 edition of Puntland Facts and Figures. This book is the 5th publication of an annual serial of Statistics, which will serve as a main general statistical reference for the Puntland State of Somalia. Given the relatively short time that Puntland has existed and the critical socioeconomic and political situation, required statistics have not been collated and complied mainly due to lack of adequate secondary data as well as limited resources with which to carry out intended surveys to collect necessary primary data.

However, this book covers various important aspects of economic, social and industrial life. For instance: population, climate, social services (education, health), agricultural production, communication, marine production and revenue. The Puntland Facts and Figures will be updated annually and the data of missing sectors incorporated as it becomes available. The Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation welcomes comments and suggestions from users of this book. We express our thanks and gratitude to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Somalia Human Development and Economic Unit (HDEU)

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1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Historical Background The history of the north-eastern region of Somalia has since mid-1998 been referred to as the Puntland State of Somalia. This region has over many years been dominated by negative historical, political and socio-economic events that have occurred in the last century. Although pre-colonial Somalia society did have a national government with modern structures and clearly defined international borders, the northeast region had traditional structures of governments dating from the early years of the 19th century, namely: the sultanate of Majerteen (1901–1927) whose territory included the current regions of Bari and Nugal, the sultanate of Mudug/Hobyo (1885–1925) and the sultanate of eastern Sanaag (1896–1925)and darawiish (1900-1921) whose under territory current region sool, halve of sanaag and part of nugal . Those sultanates are still relatively under-developed and far from assuming a modern status in terms of political and state management systems. They had administrative and military structures, which safeguarded security, social welfare and political stability until these were disrupted by powerful colonial powers: the Italians in the first two sultanates and the British in the other two. Trade and commercial relations existed between the sultanates and the Indian sub-continent and Arabian Gulf states. For instance, Ad-valorem taxation systems, export of livestock, animal and agro-forestry products and import of consumer goods thrived in the sultanate of Majerteen during the second half of the 19th century and first quarter of the 20th century. The Italian and British conquest of the sultanate in (1923 –1927) suppressed the peoples’ resistance and destroyed all political, economic and commercial structures. The Italian fascist authorities were more repressive than the British as reflected by the most choking economic policies they applied to these regions. For instance, import-export trade and all the commercial transactions with above mentioned traditional markets were suspended and forcibly replaced with Italian trade companies which imported Consumer goods from Italy and exported salt, frankincense, hides, skin and agricultural cash crops (banana, cotton) to Italy through Mogadishu. The suspension of trade markets and political structures of the former sultanates by the colonial authorities had a devastating effect on the livelihood security, famine coping mechanism and employment/income earning opportunities of the north-eastern communities. As a consequence, pastoralists, merchants and fishermen from these regions had to immigrate to the southern regions in order to seek for employment and trading opportunities. Furthermore, the sultans of Majerteen and Mudug, their families, relations and key collaborators such as the traditional elders were forcibly deported by the Italians to Mogadishu. The sultan of eastern Sanaag was exiled to the Seychelles Island by the British authorities where darawiish bumping in British colonial air force from Yemen and India. The deportation and exile of the sultans, the compulsory conscription of more than 25,000 pastoralists (Italo-Ethiopian war of 1935-36) and destruction of economic, trade and political structures were all aimed on the one hand to prevent or repress internal resistance and rebellion and on the other hand to deplete and weaken the manpower resources of the conquered regions. The successive administrations that ruled the country in the 20th century: (British and Italian colonial authorities (mid 1920s-1960) and Somali governments (1960- 1990) did not allocate any tangible development programmes to the north-eastern regions. Therefore, the current 1 …...

regions of the Puntland State of Somalia had particularly suffered from colonial authorities neglect and the post- independence centralized Somali governments lack of interest in this arid and semi-arid land, where people derived their livelihood and sustenance mainly from a volatile pastoral economy in harsh environment, sustaining a mere survival based lifestyle.

1.2. Puntland State of Somalia

The Puntland State of Somalia was established in August 1998 after a decision made by the traditional and political leaders, following the failure of several national reconciliation efforts. Originally, the administration derived its legitimacy from a series of locally sponsored conferences in which traditional council of elders (Isimada) played an important role. As stipulated in Article 1 of the Transitional Constitution, Puntland is a part of an anticipated Federal State of Somalia. It is striving for the unity of the Somali people and the creation of a Somali government based on a federal system. Similarly as stated in Article 3 of the Transitional Constitution, the Puntland State consists of the following six regions: 1. Bari with 9 districts; 2. Nugal with 4 districts; 3. Mudug with the exception of Hobyo and Harardhere districts (North Mudug which belongs to Puntland has 3 districts); 4. Sanaag except El-afweyn and Northwest of Erigabo district (this region has 3 districts); 5. Sool with 3 districts; and 6. Ayn with 3 districts.

1.3. Trends of Political and Constitutional Development

Up until it was affected by the recently resolved internal conflict following a peace accord reached on 17th May 2003, the State of Puntland had shown some degree of initiative to step up the slow and hesitant development of governance structures and socio-economic reconstruction without much international assistance.

2. GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE

2.1. Location 2 …...

Puntland State is geographically located in the north-eastern portion of Somalia. It borders with Northwest regions in the west, Gulf of Aden in the north, Indian Ocean in the southeast, central regions in the south and Ethiopia in the southwest.

2.2. Area

Total area of the State of Puntland is 212,510 km2 (roughly one-third of Somalia’s geographical area).

2.3. Climate

The State of Puntland is semi arid. The country has a warm climate and average daily temperatures range from 27ºC to 37ºC. This favours pastoralism as the most effective use of land in most parts of the State. The most valuable pastureland includes the Hawd region in the high plateau of the west of Mudug and Sool regions and into Ethiopia and the low Nugal valley. In contrast, it is only along the high mountain ranges of Bari that mild temperatures are experienced. In all other parts, the State generally endures tropical desert heat. Rainfall is sparse with no single area receiving more than 400mm of rain annually. Therefore, nomads rely primarily on wells as a water source rather than surface water. There are four main seasons dictated by shifts in the wind patterns. Pastoral and agricultural life revolves around these seasons. These are: • Jilal- from January to March, the harshest dry season of the year; • Gu- is the main rainy season from April to June; • Xagaa- from July to September is the second dry season; • Deyr is shortest and less reliable rainy season, lasting from October to December.

3. ADMINISTRATIVE SUB-DIVISION

3.1. Structure of the State

The structure of Puntland State consists of the Judiciary, Legislative (House of Representatives) and the Executive (the President and his nominated council of Ministries).

3.2. Capital

The capital of the Puntland State of Somalia is Garowe, with an estimated population of about 63,000.

3.3. Other Major Towns

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Other major towns are Bossaso, Galkacyo, Las Anod, Buhodle,Baran and Gardo.

3.4. Major Port

The sea major port of Puntland State of Somalia is Bossaso port.

4. POPULATION

The population of Puntland state is estimated at 3.9 Millions of which 52% are Nomadic.(LAST ESTEMATION OF PUNTLAND ESTEMATION 2007)

4.1. Vital Statistics

The population growth rate of Puntland is currently very high due to the influx of people from war-torn southern Somalia and from neighbour’s countries. Currently, 30% of Puntlanders live in the fast growing towns of Bossaso, Gardo, Garowe, and Galkacyo. Approximately 70% of the population is below the age of 30.

4.2. Population Density

The population density in the Puntland State of Somalia is estimated at about 11 persons per Km2.

5. RELIGION

Islam is the main religion of Puntland. Virtually all Puntlanders are Muslims.

6. LANGUAGES

The official languages are Somali and Arabic. English and Italian are also widely spoken in Puntland.

7. LIVESTOCK

The Livestock sector dominates the economy of the Puntland regions. The livestock products not only contribute to the livelihood of the nomads but also are substantial portion of the daily food intake of the population living in rural and urban areas. The economy of Puntland is largely dependent on livestock exports, which contribute to approximately 80% of foreign exchange earnings, 40% of the GDP and 60% of 4 …...

employment opportunities. Despite the economic importance of the sector, pastoralists survive in very difficult and fragile conditions characterised by the prevailing arid and semi-arid environment. The usual seasonal migratory patterns of nomadic life are often determined by prolonged dry seasons and recurrent droughts which occur once every 5 years. This causes wells and water points to dry up eventually forcing nomads and their livestock to migrate longer distances in life-threatening situations. All the four species of livestock traditionally herded by Somali nomads; sheep, goats, camels, and cattle are found in Puntland. No census has been carried out to determine livestock population in Somalia from 1988 up to the present. Despite the lack of data, it is possible to estimate current figures by analysing previous figures and trends. Based on these previous growth rates it is reasonable to assume that during the 10 years between 1988 and 1998 livestock population in the area registered an increase relative to that recorded during the preceding years, consequently, livestock is estimated to have increased annually at a rate close to: 2.1% in sheep, 1.2% in goats, 0.7% in camel and 1.0% in cattle.

Table 1: Estimated Population of Livestock: 1999 - 2010(Millions)

Year Goat Sheep Camel Cattle 1999 20.0 9.3 2.9 0.5 2000 20.2 9.5 3.1 0.5 2001 20.5 9.7 3.3 0.5 2002 20.7 9.9 3.6 0.5 2008 9.01 6.2 1.8 0.4 2009 2010 Source: Ministry of Livestock (Total Heads are 17,464,180)

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Chart 1: Estimated Population of Livestock: 1999 - 2002 (Millions)

25

20

15

10 Livestock 5 Population(Millions) 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 Year

Goat Sheep Camel Cattle

Table 2: Livestock for Slaughtering- Average Market Price for Bossaso, Galkacyo and Garowe: 2000- 2010 (So.Sh) (Thousands)

Type Period Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

2000 180 200 240 240 240 240 240 200 220 230 239 230

2001 170 200 220 230 190 190 190 190 200 220 230 230

2002 220 239 240 260 260 260 230 239 240 270 280 280

2003 .. .. 350 400 400 337 405 317 230 425 538 425 Goat / 2004 350 350 400 400 337 350 347 330 300 409 362 449 Sheep 2005 500 650 550 550 550 460 460 480 480 400 400 437

2006 464 476 464 562 452 389 384 389 398 398 394 389

2007 420 412.5 415 445 432.5 432.5 420 445 420 420 612.5 650

2008 4600 4609 4720 4717 4790 4098 4812 4800 4860 4890 4911 4950

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2009 1,238 1,007 1,192 1,227 1,268 1,212 1,182 1,324 1,313.5 1,258 1,302 1,314

2010 1,238 1,122 1,262 1,221 1,275 1,165 1,288 1,290 1,360 1,334 1381 1,329

2000 800 800 750 679 900 900 1,300 1,200 1,000 1,000 .. ..

2001 800 .. 900 925 1,037 1,350 1,750 1,350 ......

2002 ......

2003 .. .. 2,000 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 1,400 3,000 2,875 3,375 3,282

2004 2,000 1,800 1,800 1,800 2,000 2,000 2,500 2,500 2,600 2,600 2,600 3,375

Camel 2005 2500 2600 2600 3000 3000 3500 3500 2900 2900 2900 3000 2875

2006 3,250 3,344 2,700 3,875 4,000 4,125 4,125 4.000 4.000 4.000 4,000 4,000

2007 4.250 4.300 4.350 4.550 4.650 4.850 5.250 5.350 5.680 6.250 7.000 7.000

2008 481 486 480 488 488 488 488 494 495 492 497 501

2009 11,925 11,175 13,613 13,725 13,710 13,750 12,750 13,138 14,263 14,125 14,375 14,250

2010 11,925 11,175 13,613 10,575 13,597 12,125 11,875 13,200 13,897 12,300 11,450 12,937

2000 .. .. 625 750 475 625 ......

2001 ......

2002 ......

2003 .. .. 1,500 .. 2,000 2,000 2,525 2,750 .. 3,000 3,000 3,000

2004 2,900 ...... 2,750 2,750 .. 1,700 2,342 2,400 3,000 Cattle N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2005 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2006 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2007 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2008 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2009 N/A 2010 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Source: Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development.

7 …...

Table 3: Livestock for Export- Average Market Price in Bossaso, Galkacyo and Garowe: 2000 – 2010 So.Sh) (Thousands)

Perio Augu Type Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Sept Oct Nov Dec d st

2000 210 205 207 205 206 205 209 208 215 203 212 222

2001 226 233 230 225 218 208 205 208 220 244 260 276

2002 280 293 293 303 322 336 327 326 351 394 397 414

2003 432 465 497 532 537 491 461 477 468 461 501 503

2004 497 447 444 511 511 418 372 374 388 429 456 445 Goat / N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2005 Sheep 663 663 663 663 663 663 663 663 663 663 663 663 2006

2007 750 780 760 790 608 667 698 618 628 678 775 775 1,054. 1,082. 1,362. 2008 701,3 657.5 680 787.5 915.8 973.5 1,207 1,285 1,077 2 5 5 1,149 2009 1,255 1,314 1,222 1,227 1,243 1,358 1,317 1,350 1,364 1,450 1,457 9 2010 1,249 1,361 1,235 1,275 1,212 1,265 1,323 1,353 1,387 1,457 1,517 1,527

2000 920 929 912 891 988 939 919 1,045 1,103 1,086 1,093 945

2001 947 1,001 1,007 1,129 1,383 1,390 1,128 1,097 1,099 1,352 1,560 1,908

2002 1,829 1,822 1,758 1,752 1,836 1,979 1,880 2,067 2,415 2,471 2,354 2,357

2003 2,409 2,508 2,592 2,511 2,900 2,638 2,813 2,971 3,184 2,756 2,833 2,667

2004 2,332 2,218 1,997 2,208 2,334 2,229 1,958 1,773 2,000 2,057 2,375 2,474 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Camel 2005 1,800 1,800 1,800 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 3,500 2006

2007 4.000 3.000 4.500 4.600 5.000 5.500 5.600 5.700 6.500 7.500 8.000 8.000 8,716. 8,833. 2008 6,734 7583 7,242 7,383 8,500 8,400 8,725 8,687.5 9,075 8,817 7 3 11,85 11,97 12,29 10,50 14,37 13,00 14,05 2009 11,750 10,150 13,250 13,250 13,900 0 5 5 0 5 0 0 11,85 11,97 12,29 10,50 14,37 12,75 13,00 14,60 2010 11,750 10,150 13,000 13,500 0 5 5 0 5 0 0 0

8 …...

2000 583 575 557 578 697 709 806 808 588 541 467 504

2001 542 580 600 610 620 630 650 638 650 763 875 875

2002 900 910 920 930 940 950 963 845 925 975 925 1,025

2003 1,125 885 1,040 1,023 1,007 990 975 1,100 1,390 1,100 1,050 1,000

2004 1,463 1,500 1,500 1,680 1,220 1,475 1,300 1,360 1,125 1,425 1,220 1,525 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Cattle 2005 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2006 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2007 6,000,00 6,000,00 6,300, 6,5180 8,000, 8,137. 8,300 8,388. 8,420 8,525 8,650 7,319 2008 0 0 000 00 000 5 75 8,200 8,100 8,220 8,240 8,220 8,195 7,650 7,900 8,200 2009 8,200 8,100 8,220 8,220 8,249 8,195 7,650 7,900 8,200 8,350 9,150 8,950 2010

Source: Ministry of Planning.

Table 4: Goat and Sheep Slaughtered in Slaughter House in Galkacyo: 2000 – 2010 (Heads) (Thousands)

Month 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 January 6.9 7.0 38.0 28.2 19.55 22.041 20.00 3.66 5.68 N/A N/A February 6.9 14.5 38.1 18.7 19.55 21.918 12.00 0.59 8.05 N/A N/A March 6.9 14.5 35.0 27.5 19.55 23.016 10.00 4.694 6.8 N/A N/A April 6.9 14.5 37.0 25.4 7.496 24.511 5.00 3.663 9.6 N/A N/A May 6.9 14.4 34.9 25.8 7.496 21.112 4.00 0.917 7.8 N/A N/A 6.4 N/A N/A June 6.7 14.3 34.8 24.0 7.496 21.161 10.00 *0 9 …...

July 6.7 28.8 32.4 26.0 7.496 22.014 9.00 *0 9.68 N/A N/A August 6.7 28.7 32.0 22.8 7.496 21.164 12.00 2.802 8.4 N/A N/A September 6.5 28.6 32.2 28.3 7.497 21.014 16.00 5.376 10.25 N/A N/A October 6.7 45.1 32.3 28.9 N/A 22.004 10.00 5.722 6.2 N/A N/A November 6.5 45.3 33.8 30.7 N/A 22.912 10.00 2.696 6.93 N/A N/A December 6.9 37.9 33.8 15.4 N/A 22.043 11.00 1.512 5.2 N/A N/A Total 81.2 293.6 414.3 301.7 103.627 264.91 129.00 31.649 90.99 N/A N/A

Source: Al Sanded Meat Trading Company, Mubarak 2: Slaughtering House and Honeet Air cargo (Galca’io)

Chart 2: Goat and Sheep Slaughtered in Slaughter House in Galkacyo: 2000 – 2008 (Heads)(Thousands) – Monthly trends

10 …...

Chart 3: Goat and Sheep Slaughtered in Slaughter House in Galkacyo: 2000 – 2008 (Heads) (Thousands) –Annual Total

11 …...

12 …...

8. FISHERY

The Somali coastline is 3,300 km long. The proportion attributable to the State of Puntland is approximately 1,300 km. It extends from Gara’ad on the Indian Ocean side to Laaso Surad on the Gulf of Aden, the waters of which incidentally constitute the richest fish habitats in the region. The fish population in Puntland’s coastal waters varies in diversity and density. It is known that the prevalent species are large pelagic varieties such as yellow fin tuna, long-tail tuna, bonito, skipjack, and Spanish mackerel, while the main commercial demersel fish are groupers, snappers, grout and sea beam. Large populations of shark and ray are also registered. Commercial populations of inshore spiny lobster, genus panulirus, and offshore types of Puerulus Sewell and Puerulus Carinatus are found at depths of 150-400 metres. The abundance of marine resources characteristic of Puntland’s coastal zones by virtue of its geographical location has also exposed Puntland’s marine resources to susceptible risks of deterioration. These risks are attributable to factors such as an existing marine transport network, over harvesting carried out by illegal foreign trawlers and increased fishing efforts of the local people of Puntland. Soon after the establishment of the Puntland State of Somalia, the Ministry of Fisheries and Ports recognised the importance of a fishing development strategy for both the current and the future generation. The fishing industry provides direct employment to thousands of people during the eight-month duration of the fishing season, as well as indirect employment for people working in restaurants and enterprises. During the fishing season, temporary settlements are created along the coastline where women take goods for sale to earn income. The fishing industry is ranked as the second highest income earner for the community of Puntland after livestock.

Table 5: Fish for Domestic Consumption - Average Tuna and Mackerel Price Per Medium Piece in Bossaso: 2000 - 2007(So Sh) (Thousands)

Period Tuna (1piece) Mackerel (1piece)

Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Jan 42 50 45 40 50 45 55 70 37 40 45 42 140 140 150 170

Feb 40 50 47 40 48 46 47 58 32 25 50 53 130 130 120 130

Mar 48 70 60 50 53 50 50 62 30 45 48 41 100 90 100 120

Apr 80 150 120 50 61 120 130 142 45 90 80 60 90 90 92 102

May 100 130 140 50 70 140 120 130 80 100 120 74 62 90 110 115

13 …...

Jun 100 120 150 42 68 80 99 110 80 90 110 90 100 110 110 115

July 80 75 80 45 61 90 120 131 60 50 65 53 110 90 100 108

Aug 120 120 90 46 62 120 130 145 85 170 200 90 112 121 120 130

Sept 100 80 90 40 60 80 90 115 90 60 180 110 100 100 90 110

Oct 110 140 130 70 53 85 85 96 90 75 210 140 90 100 110 121

Nov 80 60 70 62 90 70 75 85 70 45 70 110 90 100 120 140

Dec 70 65 85 60 90 85 80 92 70 60 90 100 90 100 98 108

Total 970 1110 1107 595 766 1011 1081 1236 769 850 1268 963 1214 1261 1320 1469 Source: OTP and ministry of fishery

Chart 4: Fish for Domestic Consumption - Average Tuna and Mackerel Price Per Medium Piece in Bossaso: 2000 - 2007(So.Sh) (Thousands) – annual total

1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400

(So.Sh) (Thousands) 200 Price Per Medium Per Price Piece

Average Tuna and Mackerel 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year

Tuna Mackerel

14 …...

Chart 5: Fish for Domestic Consumption - Average monthly Tuna Price per Medium Piece in Bossaso: 2000- 2007(So.Sh) (Thousands)

160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 Averageper Tuna price

medium piece So.Sh('000)piece medium 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Month

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

15 …...

Chart 6: Fish for Domestic Consumption - Average monthly Mackerel Price per Medium Piece in Bossaso: 2000 - 2007(So.Sh) (Thousands)

250

200

150

100

50 medium piece So.Sh('000) piece medium Average Mackerek Price per Price Mackerek Average

0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Month

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Table 6: Fish for Domestic Consumption Catchments and Price per Kg in Bossaso: 2008 (So.Sh)

Catchments per piece Price per kg

Year 2008 TB DG TQ SHW DB Sh.So Price

Jan 98 20 25 22 20 31,000 28,000 Feb 85 25 80 25 10 31 ,000 Mar 75 20 20 18 03 30,000 Apr 50 15 15 09 02 31,000 May 40 10 09 08 02 30,000 Jun 18 08 05 02 06 - July ------Aug - - - - -

16 …...

30.000 Sept 340 280 116 120 40 31,000 Oct 480 310 240 180 37 30,000 Nov 500 360 360 240 40 31,000 Dec 480 340 400 260 50 122.00 Total 1800 1290 1116 800 167

Source: Ministry of Fisheries Port Chart: 7: fish domestic catchments in Bossaso Market

Table 6: Fish for Export- Average Market Price per Kg in Bossaso: 2000 - 2007(USD) Period Dermersal

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2001 2002 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Jan 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.8 2.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.6

Feb 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.6 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.5

Mar 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.3 1.2 1.5 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.2 1.3 1.6

Apr 0.9 0.9 1.0 2.0 1.9 1.7 2.0 2.4 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.9

May 0.9 0.9 1.0 2.0 1.2 1.7 1.8 2.6 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.5 1.6 1.9

17 …...

Jun 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.9 1.0 1.7 1.9 2.7 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.5 1.8 2.2

Jul 1.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.5 1.6 2.1 0.9 0.9 2.0 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.3

Aug 0.9 0.9 2.0 1.9 1.0 1.5 1.8 2.0 0.9 0.9 2.0 1.0 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.9

Sept 0.9 0.9 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.3 1.6 1.7 2.1

Oct 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.3 0.8 0.8 1.0 2.0 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.5

Nov 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.4 1.6 0.8 0.8 1.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.7

Dec 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.6 1.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.9

Total 12 13 15 17 15 19 19 23.6 11 11 16 18 20 18 18 22.1

Source: OTP and Ministry of fishery

Table 7: Fish for Export- Total KGs and Price per Kg in Bossaso: 2008 (USD)

Catchments per piece Price per kg Total Per Kg TB DG TQ SHW DB Year 2008 USD $ Price Jan 294 85 75 36 80 $ 3 $ 3 Feb 170 75 90 42 56 $ 3 Mar 150 60 40 22 22 $ 3 Apr 140 45 55 32 11 $ 3 May 120 60 29 28 15 $ 3 Jun 54 82 35 32 12 - July ------Aug - - - - - $ 3 Sept 341 290 221 220 140 $ 3 Oct 482 320 249 280 127 $ 3 Nov 506 365 370 340 210 $ 3 Dec 479 347 405 160 150

Total 1808 1322 1245 1000 627

18 …...

Source: Ministry of fishery

Chart10: Fish for Export- Average Market Price per Kg in Bossaso: 2000 - 2007(USD)

25

20

15

(USD) 10

5 Average Market per Price Kg 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year

Pelagic Dermersal

Chart11: fish for catchments in 2008 Bossaso market

19 …...

Table 7: Lobster for Export- Average Market Price per Kg (USD): 2000 - 2008

Period 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

January 18.0 19.0 19.8 15.0 16.0 19.80 20.3 N/A 27.5

February 18.5 19.3 20.0 16.0 16.0 20.00 20.2 N/A 26.8

March 18.8 19.5 20.0 15.0 16.0 20.00 20.0 25.90 25.4

April 18.8 19.9 20.3 15.0 16.0 20.40 20.5 27.90 26.0

May 19.0 20.4 21.0 15.0 20.0 21.00 22.1 N/A 25.0

October 19.7 21.0 21.4 15.0 20.0 21.40 21.3 N/A 29.0

November 19.8 21.0 21.5 15.0 20.0 21.50 24.5 19.20 28.5 188.2 Total 132.6 140.1 144 106 124 144.1 148.9 73 Source: Bossaso Customs.

20 …...

Chart12: lobster for export-average market price per KG (USD)

Table 8: Shark Fin for Export (White)- Average Market Price per Kg in Bossaso: 2000- 2008

2008 Period 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 98.1 Jan 42 47 51 60 60 60 70 70 104 Feb 43 49 52 57 50 60 65 70 102 May 44 49 53 55 50 60 60 75 97 Jun 45 50 54 60 60 60 65 70 99.9 Aug 46 50 54 53 60 60 58 80 98 Sept 47 52 55 54 60 60 60 90 98 Oct 47 52 56 55 60 60 80 21 …...

Total

Source: Ministry of Fisheries and port Chart:13: white shark fins- Average market price per KG(USD) in Bossaso:2000-2008

22 …...

9. CULTIVATION

Puntland is semi-arid with only seasonal rivers and untapped underground water. Most of the territory of Puntland is best suited for pasture, and not for expansive crop production due to general scarcity of water, formation of salt deposits on plots in the water spring areas, poor farming systems and poor seed qualities. The existing small-scale farming systems prevail in oases, dry river basins and places with good soil quality and higher water tables. With respect to size, these are generally small plots of land utilized for vegetable and fruit cultivation. After the collapse of the State of Somalia, the influx of returnees increased demand for agricultural produce in their diet. Subsequently it imposed new challenges to the dry land as it led to the increase and expansion of small plots and importation of large quantities of produce from the inter-reverine areas of Somalia. The consumer demand eventually led to a mushrooming of farming activities. However, increased application of modern farming techniques and harvesting of date palm trees improved the production to satisfy demand. Plots were irrigated and the production capacity of the land improved through employment of experienced Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) from the south. This gave momentum to rainfall farming of sorghum and beans in certain localities (e.g. Nugal) as well as date palm trees, increasing production of dates to satisfy the demand.

Table 9:

23 …...

Table 10: Rainfall for Selected Towns in Puntland: 2000 - 2010(mm)

2003 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Towns Deyr Gu’ Deyr Gu’ Deyr Gu’ Gu’ dayr Gu’ Dayr ’ Galkacy 58 31 47 74 23 43 73.5 132 0.00 389 187 104 356. 21 56.4 362.6 Garowe 88 18 89 134 4 Jeriban 63 54 34 103 N/A N/A 22 0.00 36 227 Bossaso 0 32 0.00 0.00 17 127 Qardo 93 65 444 84 48 895 Baran 352 146 130 47 73 487 Las’anod 57 91 470 199 10 290 Iskushuban 126 0.00 48 362.9 Buurtiinle 67.3 0.00 31 580 EYL 56 0.00 0.00 146 Bander 0.00 0.00 20 0.00 bayla Taleex 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Caluula 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Qandala 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Dongoroyo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Galdogob 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Source: SWALIM

Chart14: Rainfall for Selected Towns in Puntland: 2000 - 2008(mm)

24 …...

10. FRANKINCENSE

In this sector the production system exists as follows: • Families owning Plantations who cultivate and harvest on a rotating basis (Gaafeysi) and, • Individuals who pay rent (CAWAAJI) to the families owning plantations and collect the production for the entire season.

Two types of commercial frankincense are collected. MAYDI (Boswellia Frereania) from YAGCAR trees and BEEYO (Bowellia Sacra) from moxor trees. MAYDI frankincense is exclusive for Somalia, while BEEYO frankincense, varying in variety, is produced in Ethiopia (Region Five), Eritrea, Oman and India. Other varieties exploited commercially

25 …...

include the opopanox, which is a source of gum; myrrh, and Arabian Gum. Moreover, the woodland varieties of frankincense -commiphora grow in the inland areas of Puntland. As frankincense is mainly found in isolated areas, the mode of production is through frequent tapping of the incense trees. MAYDI is tapped over a nine month period, peaking in October-November, whereas BEEYO is tapped twice a year, at intervals of up to 25 days over a two to three-month period. The hot season (xagaa) is favourable for abundant production. Regarding the yield, estimates show that approximately 40% of the commodity is harvested, which is roughly 500 metric tonnes per year.

Table 11:

26 …...

Table 12: Frankincense for Export- Average Market Price per Kg in Bossaso: 2000- 2008(USD)

Period 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 May 9.0 9.4 8.8 9.0 8.2 9 8.9 8.5 8.0 June 9.1 9.6 10.3 10.2 10.2 9 9.1 11.0 12.0 July 9.4 10.2 11.0 10.8 10.2 9 8.0 8.11 7.5 August 9.4 10.5 11.3 11.7 11.0 9 9.0 11.5 13.0 September 9.6 10.8 11.7 11.8 11.0 9 9.2 8.00 13.0 October 10.3 11.0 11.8 11.8 12.0 9 10 10.5 13.0 November 10.5 11.0 11.9 12.0 12.0 9 11 21.9 25.7

Source: MOPIC. Chart 15: Frankincense for export average market price KG in Bossaso(USD)

27 …...

11. KHAT Khat trade and consumption play an adverse role in the Somali economy in general and particularly in Puntland. The commodity trade is a continuing business activity that generates income and employment opportunities. However, it affects the economy through outward remittances towards importing the khat. The khat business has an efficient informal coordination system; the agents deal directly with the growers and wholesale traders negotiate with the other wholesale traders from different regions. The dynamics of the business are tough and highly competitive so much so that in many instances, groups are pushed out of the cycle as they become bankrupt. In order to minimize the effect of competition, a system of an umbrella association works between the wholesale traders and the agents (middlemen).

Table 13: Estimated Arrival of Khat in Puntland: 2003-2010 (Kg) (Thousands)

Year Type Quantity per month Total quantity per year 1 Meeru 90.7 1,088.0 2003 2 Hareeri 121.3 1,456.0 1 Meeru 2,001 24,012 2006 2 Hareeri 7,615 91,380 1 Meeru 2,500 30,000 2007 2 Hareeri 9,412 112,944 1 Meeru 223.4 3,880.8 2008 2 Hareeri 40,498.2 487,138 1 Meeru 160,347 1,443.1 2009 2 Hareeri 267.52 2,407.6 1 meeru 210,000 1,890 2010 2 Hareeri 300,000 2,700 Source: Ministry of Finance for Customs Department

Chart 16: Estimated Arrival of Khat in Puntland: 2003-2008 (Kg) (Thousands)

28 …...

12. ECONOMY There are four main sources of income in Puntland today namely: Livestock, Fishery, Cultivation, Remittance and Trading. The population mainly depends, either directly or indirectly, on livestock products for their livelihood. Remittance from the Diaspora has also played a major role in the economy.

Table 14: Monthly Average Exchange Rate* for So.Sh per 1 USD: 2001 - 2010(Thousands)

2008 2009 2010 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Period 31 30.8 January 13.0 19.9 20.4 17.9 14.9 15.0 14.5 25.7 31.4 31.4 February 13.9 19.5 20.2 17.2 15.3 15.0 15.3 25.7 31,5 31.5 March 14.5 21.0 20.2 17.3 15.3 15.0 16.0 26.5 April 17.2 21.7 20.2 17.8 15.2 14.0 17.5 29.1 31.9 31.9 May 17.2 21.7 20.2 17.6 15.3 14.0 18.0 34.0 31,9 31.9 June 18.0 22.0 20.2 17.7 15.1 14.0 18.5 38.6 32 32 July 16.7 21.6 20.2 17.0 14.9 14.0 19.8 38.1 30.8 32.2 August 18.4 21.6 20.1 14.4 15.3 15.0 19.9 35.9 32 32.1 September 19.1 20.6 20.0 14.0 15.6 15.0 20.4 34.6 31.9 31.5 October 22.0 18.9 19.4 14.0 15.3 15.0 21.3 34.0 31.1 30.7 29 …...

November 23.3 18.5 19.3 14.2 15.2 15.0 21.5 31.0 30.1 30.2 December 19.8 20.0 19.0 14.3 15 15.0 22.0 31.0 30,5 31 Annual average 17.7 20.6 19.9 16.1 15.2 15.0 18.725 32.016 28,68 32.125 Source: MOPIC

Chart 17: Monthly Average Exchange Rate* for So.Sh per 1 USD: 2001 - 2008(Thousands)

Cart 18: Annual Average Exchange Rate* for So.Sh per 1 USD: 2001 - 2008(Thousands)

30 …...

Table 15: State Government Revenue and Expenditure: 1999 – 2010 (So.Sh) (Billions)

Revenue Revenue Year Revenue (Estimation) Expenditure Surplus/deficit (Review) (Actual) 1999 30.8 24.8 6.0 2000 79.3 57.0 22.3 2001 63.7 90.7 (27.0) 2002 167.8 106.1 61.7 2003 253.2 253.5 (0.3) 2004 263.2 264.4 (1.1) 2005 285.491 285.352 0.139 2006 295.0 283.0 12.0 2007 344.208 303.808 303.808 2008 401 401 397.9 312.86 2009 746.2 746.2 000 2010 812.8 812.8 000 Source: State revenue from Ministry of Finance.

31 …...

Chart 7:

32 …...

Chart 19: State Government Revenue and Expenditure: 1999 – 2008 (So.Sh) (Billions)

Table 16: State Bank of Puntland Income and Expenditure: 1999 – 2008 (So.Sh.) (Billions)

Year Income Expenditure Profit/Loss 1999 1.2 1.2 0.0 2000 4.0 3.9 0.0 2001 3.2 2.8 0.4 2002 6.7 6.0 0.7 2003 12.8 11.2 1.6 2004 12.8 12.8 0.0 2005 12.216 11.22 0.996 2006 17.02 16.310 0.71 2007 15.238 14.368 0.87 2008 17,211 15,851 1,360 2009

33 …...

2010 Source: State Bank of Puntland

34 …...

Chart 20: State Bank of Puntland Income and Expenditure: 1999 – 2008 (So.Sh.) (Billions)

Table 17: Import through Bossaso Port: 1997 (Tonnes)

Construction Diesel Period Sugar Rice Wheat Flour Cement Material (Drums)

1997 Jan 1,073 1,395 2,367 1,666 16 15 Feb 1,085 1,922 1,310 165 .. 179 Mar 1,481 1,665 1,255 110 27 70 Apr 1,200 1,450 2,050 899 31 200 May 1,548 1,498 1,145 2,574 557 313 Jun 990 1,897 955 1,375 447 .. Jul 625 316 595 1,225 20 .. Aug 351 875 442 2,981 2 360 Sept 1,554 1,445 885 .. 423 504 35 …...

Oct 1,872 190 70 1,226 126 317 Nov 1,190 7,050 1,375 2,570 345 20 Dec 1,097 2,205 2,768 2,060 998 21 Total 14,066 21,908 15,217 16,851 2,992 1,999 Source: Bossaso Port Authority .. Data Not Available

Cart 21:Import through Bossaso Port: 1997 (Tonnes)

8,000 600

7,000 500 6,000

400 5,000

4,000 300

3,000 200 Diesel(Drums) Quantity (Tonnes) Quantity 2,000 100 1,000

0 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Month

Sugar Wheat Flour Cement

Construction Material Diesel (Drums)

Table 18: Import through Bossaso Port: 1998 (Tonnes)

Wheat Flour Construction Diesel (Drums) Period Sugar Rice Cement Material 1998 Jan 1,323 5 532 2,450 143 1,187 Feb 1,175 13 365 1,128 75 2,036 Mar 1,535 358 819 902 210 2,100 Apr 425 1,625 170 100 84 966 36 …...

May 1,635 3,303 1,447 955 82 742 Jun 3,762 1,772 1,903 2,944 881 1,461 Jul 151 1,138 451 794 918 .. Aug 351 875 442 765 47 166 Sept 1,554 1,445 885 881 1,349 810 Oct 1,872 190 70 1,736 1,053 352 Nov 1,190 2,050 1,375 1,170 2,689 424 Dec 1,097 2,205 2,768 15,650 423 300 Total 16,070 14,979 11,227 29,475 7,954 10,544 Source: Bossaso Port Authority .. Data Not Available

Chart 22: Import through Bossaso Port: 1998 (Tonnes)

25,000 2,500

20,000 2,000

15,000 1,500

10,000 1,000 Diesel(Drums) Quantity(Tonnes) 5,000 500

0 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Month

Sugar Rice Wheat Flour Cement Construction Material Diesel (Drums)

Table 19: Import through Bossaso Port: 1999 (Tonnes)

Period Sugar Rice Wheat Flour Cement Construction Diesel 37 …...

Material (Drums) 1999 Jan 1,067 799 924 700 213 .. Feb 245 979 553 1,100 7,900 850 Mar 1,523 106 800 2,016 135 1,831 Apr 785 950 1,818 4,485 154 1,618 May 1,550 1,215 .. .. 160 701 Jun 500 700 568 250 104 1,137 Jul 210 475 1,710 2,870 23 149 Aug .. 95 1,095 826 3 700 Sept .. 4,246 3,772 4,040 82 968 Oct 675 1,949 2,475 2,142 211 632 Nov 1,079 1,059 2,512 2,075 194 958 Dec 1,951 2,041 3,771 2,949 241 1,662 Total 9,585 14,614 19,998 23,453 9,420 11,206

Source: Bossaso Port Authority .. Data Not Available

Chart 23: Import through Bossaso Port: 1999 (Tonnes)

38 …...

14,000 3000 12,000 2500 10,000 2000 8,000 1500 6,000 1000 4,000 500 Diesel(Drums) Quantity (Tonnes) 2,000 0 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Month

Sugar Rice Wheat Flour Cement Construction Material Diesel (Drums)

Table 20: Import through Bossaso Port: 2000 (Tonnes)

Wheat Diesel Period Sugar Rice Cement Construction Material Flour (Drums) 2000 Jan 1,668 1,324 6,321 1,649 81 1,383 Feb 1,208 4,393 3,486 4,135 525 1,070 Mar 687 1,033 2,603 1,370 98 1,526 Apr 2,076 4,248 2,489 5,744 206 1,611 May 5,121 3,118 1,270 5,815 116 1,780 Jun 1,398 792 1,671 1,662 239 2,150 Jul 463 615 1,726 3,837 109 1,086 Aug 391 1,420 1,020 4,454 125 365 Sept 1,120 5,236 1,687 6,981 55 1,412 Oct 1,999 2,396 1,916 1,282 222 1,707 Nov 2,246 1,018 1,359 2,550 4,213 1,390 Dec 1,136 554 1,838 4,785 9,322 1,227 Total 19,513 26,147 27,386 44,264 15,311 16,707 39 …...

Source: Bossaso Port Authority

Cart 24:Import through Bossaso Port: 2000 (Tonnes)

20,000 3,500 18,000 3,000 16,000 14,000 2,500 12,000 2,000 10,000 8,000 1,500 6,000 1,000 Diesel(Drums)

Quantity (Tonnes) 4,000 500 2,000 0 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Month

Sugar Rice Wheat Flour Cement Construction Material Diesel (Drums)

Table 21: Import through Bossaso Port: 2001 (Tonnes)

Wheat Construction Material Diesel Period Sugar Rice Flour Cement (Drums) 2001 Jan 4,000 1,234 1,080 770 707 4,189 Feb 1,143 1,588 1,629 4,110 1,420 1,240 Mar 1,346 1,209 1,156 7,000 1,283 1,422 Apr 1,136 3,468 199 1,139 1,082 1,400 May 1,025 1,653 5,216 5,385 4,073 2,606 Jun 1,150 11 1,159 5,530 765 2,563 Jul 2,222 468 1,265 2,905 227 978

40 …...

Aug 452 1,575 3,320 5,700 3,528 688 Sept 7,706 2,284 2,115 5,800 523 3,184 Oct 3,706 2,284 2,115 5,800 524 3,184 Nov 389 3,434 5,300 3,475 700 1,176 Dec 626 3,324 2,186 1,435 385 3,625 Total 24,901 22,532 26,740 49,049 15,217 26,255 Source: Bossaso Port Authority

41 …...

Chart 25: Import through Bossaso Port: 2001 (Tonnes)

20,000 4,500 18,000 4,000 16,000 3,500 14,000 3,000 12,000 2,500 10,000 2,000 8,000 6,000 1,500

4,000 1,000 Diesel(Drums) Quantity (Tonnes) 2,000 500 0 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Month

Sugar Rice Wheat Flour Cement Construction Material Diesel (Drums)

Table 22: Import through Bossaso Port: 2002 (Tonnes)

Period Sugar Rice Wheat Flour Cement Construction Material Diesel (Drums)

2002 Jan 1,789 5,276 2,594 3,750 2,236 1,980 Feb 2,848 4,930 714 3,800 5,355 1,456 Mar 3,015 6,134 2,439 4,800 2,405 2,761 Apr 4,428 4,203 2,912 8,280 1,364 1,760 May 5,772 5,713 3,241 2,673 4,166 1,340 Jun 310 595 1,440 4,750 1,632 2,142 Jul 2,670 727 2,279 4,800 237 533 Aug 3,200 50 2,590 2,300 548 2,715 Sept 2,486 4,040 3,602 11,200 7,187 2,328 42 …...

Oct 5,063 2,983 2,856 3,200 3,029 2,456 Nov 208 8,091 3,092 8,100 1,967 5,117 Dec 2,175 3,793 1,540 2,400 1,150 810 Total 33,964 46,535 29,299 60,053 31,276 25,398

Chart 26: Import through Bossaso Port: 2002 (Tonnes)

30,000 6,000

25,000 5,000

20,000 4,000

15,000 3,000

10,000 2,000 Diesel(Drums) Quantity (Tonnes) 5,000 1,000

0 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Month

Sugar Rice Wheat Flour Cement Construction Material Diesel (Drums)

Table 23: Import through Bossaso Port: 2003 (Tonnes)

Wheat Diesel Period Sugar Rice Cement Construction Material Flour (Drums) 2003 Jan 4,736 5,077 3,104 0 3,934 2,813 Feb 3,973 2,201 3,652 8,203 9,555 2,011 Mar 5,802 4,562 2,302 0 3,605 1,699 43 …...

Apr 7,295 1,272 4,239 5,005 4,991 2,484 May 4,204 4,908 3,691 11,300 2,142 4,523 Jun 4,315 1,985 3,165 7,900 2,084 1,845 Jul 1,130 3,526 2,943 2,600 3,800 3,179 Aug 7,748 4766 2,236 2,833 5,044 4,308 Sept 4,574 10,270 2,605 6,700 2,760 2,091 Oct 7,912 6,003 3,331 4,596 3,093 2,274 Nov 964 2,321 4,566 8,800 1,277 1,240 Dec 2,210 880 4,265 152 1,669 2,213 Total 54,863 47,771 40,099 58,089 43,954 30,680

Source: Bossaso Port Authority

Chart 27: Import through Bossaso Port: 2003 (Tonnes)

30,000 5,000 4,500 25,000 4,000 3,500 20,000 3,000 15,000 2,500 2,000 10,000

1,500 Diesel(Drums) Quantity(Tonnes) 1,000 5,000 500 0 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Amount

Sugar Rice Wheat Flour Cement Construction Material Diesel (Drums)

44 …...

Table 24: Import through Bossaso Port: 2004 (Tonnes)

Construction Diesel Period Sugar Rice Wheat Flour Cement Material (Drums) 2004 Jan 11,280 2,076 4,621 3,400 912 2,586 Feb 4,994 2,030 1,482 6,300 1,956 2,529 Mar 4,895 5,074 1,655 4,642 1,965 2,709 Apr 3,264 500 3,574 3,000 2,295 3,223 May 6,511 4,518 5,112 5,100 4,408 2,373 Jun 6,878 7,501 9,349 3,500 4,834 3,034 Jul 4,306 2,207 3,883 2,000 5,168 2,551 Aug 2,429 1,528 2,298 4,000 2,135 3,406 Sept 5,175 11,538 4,615 6,493 2,205 5,207 Oct 9,530 15,593 4,475 3,000 9,497 2,368 Nov 9,296 464 2,400 3,350 1,811 2,951 Dec 1,019 4,606 5,065 6,905 4,018 3,258 Total 69,577 57,635 48,529 51,690 41,204 36,195 Source: Bossaso Port Authority

Chart 28: Import through Bossaso Port: 2004 (Tonnes)

45 …...

45,000 7,000 40,000 6,000 35,000 5,000 30,000 25,000 4,000 20,000 3,000 15,000 2,000 Diesel(Drums)

Quantity(Tonnes) 10,000 1,000 5,000 0 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Month

Sugar Rice Wheat Flour Cement Construction Material Diesel (Drums)

Table 25: Import through Bossaso Port: 2005 (Tonnes)

Construction Diesel Period Sugar Rice Wheat Flour Cement Material (Drums) 2005 Jan 8,161 3,563 3,406 6,005 1,875 5,802 Feb 2,063 3,440 3,033 6,000 3,531 47,779 Mar 7,044 9,693 2,425 5,300 4,035 25,395 Apr 6,107 700 2,843 6,000 579 1,674 May 3,508 1,286 580 6,000 788 3,787 Jun 1,684 14,519 3,245 00 117 2,637 Jul 1,614 25 1,245 5,320 92 2,752 Aug 4,737 1,746 3,780 8,900 2,592 7,853 Sept 7,324 6,262 3,613 4,000 2,069 10,002 Oct 5,767 5,174 4,723 8,538 1,051 6,095

46 …...

Nov 4,787 3,693 3,331 12,150 677 4,516 Dec 1,906 8,545 1,685 4,300 613 3,918 Total 54,702 57,635 33,909 72,513 18,019 122,210 Source: Bossaso Port Authority

Chart 29: Import through Bossaso Port: 2005 (Tonnes)

30,000 50,000 45,000 25,000 40,000 20,000 35,000 30,000 15,000 25,000 20,000 10,000 15,000 Diesel(Drums)

Quantity(Tonnes) 5,000 10,000 5,000 0 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Month Sugar Rice Wheat Flour Cement Construction Material Diesel (Drums)

Table 26: Import through Bossaso Port: 2006 (Tonnes)

Other Other Wheat Construction Diesel Total Period Sugar Rice Cement Bagged General Flour Material (Drums) Tonnage Cargo Cargo 2006 Jan 5,702 9,601 6,045 18,500 1,752 4,990 107 8,455 55,062 Feb 4,367 5,490 3,271 3,900 829 3,388 18 4,870 26,133 Mar 3,414 5,698 3,597 6,670 584 4,031 20 9,374 32,788 Apr 8,017 10,552 4,615 9,680 2,558 3,408 17 4,673 43,520

47 …...

May 5,133 5,319 2,050 7,350 1,620 3,592 307 5,779 31,150 Jun 2,519 4,265 2,937 10,350 660 4,471 3 5,571 30,776 Jul 2,501 250 2,417 0 142 1,623 15 3,504 10,452 Aug 7,766 6,022 3,041 9,350 47 1,573 0 2,055 29,854 Sept 3,590 2,767 5,252 650 1,029 6,995 210 6,101 26,594 Oct 6,639 5,530 5,032 9,350 1,204 4,691 350 7,254 40,050 Nov 6,827 452 2,197 5,650 576 2,211 3 4,778 22,694 Dec 5,825 2,945 1,650 5,685 1,741 2,839 0 4,014 24,699 Total 62,300 58,891 42,104 87,135 12,742 43,812 1050 66,428 373,772

Chart 30: Import through Bossaso Port: 2006 (Tonnes)

60,000 8,000

7,000 50,000 6,000 40,000 5,000

30,000 4,000

3,000 Diesel(Drums) 20,000 Quantity (Tonnes) Quantity 2,000 10,000 1,000

0 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month

Sugar Rice Wheat Flour Cement Construction Material Other Bagged Cargo Other General Cargo Diesel (Drums)

48 …...

Table 27: Import through Bossaso Port: 2007 (Tonnes)

Other Other Wheat Construction Diesel Total Period Sugar Rice Cement Bagged General Flour Material (Drums) Tonnage Cargo Cargo 2007 Jan 5,702 5,325 2,980 10,100 1,134 3,434 1,07 5,458 34,240 Feb 7,638 4,032 4,845 4,735 496 3,477 4,26 7,743 33,392 Mar 3,935 1,255 3,110 10,400 1,186 3,344 0 4,383 27,613 Apr 7,371 7,253 2,280 3,215 680 3,093 11 4,156 28,059 May 9,001 3,620 2,860 6,350 2,172 5,544 9,97 5,257 35,801 Jun 8,008 3,309 2,760 6,152 633 3,826 0 3,860 28,548 Jul 2,679 95 10,220 6,425 814 4,232 10,88 3,912 29,465 Aug 5,566 6,667 1,712 8,612 363 5,671 3,26 5,797 34,714 Sept 9,495 6,313 3,069 3,120 762 6,383 1,18 8,228 37,488 Oct 6,631 8,583 2,339 14,300 1,071 4,801 12 10,858 48,595 Nov 7,469 6,528 3,388 11,280 828 5,448 0 6,072 41,013 Dec 6,945 5,397 3,600 6,400 584 3,666 2 4,140 30,734 Total 80,440 58,377 43,163 91,089 10,723 52,919 30,87 69,864 409,662 Source: Bossaso Port Authority

Table 28: Import through Bossaso Port: 2008 (Tonnes)

Num Number pas Cooki Tru Other Whe Diese ber of of ta ng oil Construc ck Gene Total Peri Su at Ceme l Ships Dhows Rice tion and ral Tonna od gar Flou nt (Dru Material Car Carg ge r ms) s o 2008 8 92 8,0 5,32 2,57 804 749 11,70 Jan 307 4,029 101 3,617 60 7 5 0 37,269 14 65 10, 872 1,104 11,0 4,75 Feb 43 6,000 572 3,216 151 4,526 75 0 5 42,701 7 93 17, 697 1,122 3,79 2,99 10,81 Mar 96 2,823 4,683 219 6,274 4 6 0 7 51,385 11 73 19, 315 1,359 1,26 3,69 Apr 05 8,810 1,438 4,209 320 4,998 6 5 5 45,465 6 70 18, 1,57 3,14 550 801 May 5,740 1,131 4,018 241 5,866 16 5 3 41,225 49 …...

0 13 59 6,2 3,72 340 972 Jun 44 8,180 1,003 4,280 199 4,935 17 2 29,892 8 53 6,1 3,71 1,72 421 483 Jul 5,416 869 4,987 138 6,321 48 1 1 30,215 12 50 7,5 1,30 8,51 373 897 Aug 2,529 1,266 4,233 86 3,312 04 9 5 30,024 5 83 17, 920 1,301 4,87 13,2 Sept 67 5,400 2,224 5,320 106 7,711 1 52 9 58,784 6 62 11, 862 864 1,84 1,83 Oct 27 3,700 351 3,516 78 4,149 5 2 5 28,472 10 130 6,1 4,21 2,87 1,36 815 10,82 Nov 5,000 1,121 4,480 149 04 5 2 4 1 36,941 8 80 8,7 7,71 1,70 1,30 744 Dec 6,880 398 2,499 195 6,125 30 8 1 9 36,299 108 910 13 8,82 11,21 Tota 46,7 50,7 80,16 49,47 1,98 68,65 468,67 7,3 7 1 13,503 l 50 74 5 0 3 5 2 34 Source: Ministry of Port and Marine transport

Table 1: Import through Bossaso Port: 2009 (Tonnes)

Num Num past Cooki Tru Other Whe Diese ber of ber of a ng oil Construc ck Gene Total Peri Sug at Cem l Ships Dhow Rice tion and ral Tonna od ar Flou ent (Dru s Material Car Carg ge r ms) s o 2009 8 75 6,79 9.14 807 696 18.28 Jan 670 691 9341 267 4989 5 8 1 51.602 10 71 7,42 1.71 8.60 2.97 2.280 11.20 Feb 975 6501 227 8893 9 0 9 6 0 50.719 5 77 12.4 5.62 5.16 2.19 922 Mar 2000 1495 13781 339 5608 68 2 1 6 49.510 6 58 1.62 8.77 2.52 1.481 Apr 8143 5886 1825 4779 244 12039 2 7 7 47.263 4 75 2.50 5.38 18.1 723 1232 May 5000 1318 6485 361 6286 7 7 95 49.415 6 59 14.9 5.43 1.27 1.54 .353 Jun 8537 1663 6574 372 7448 40 3 4 8 48.077 6 43 3.47 2.00 187 388 1341 Jul 341 1038 2918 47 12030 9 0 7 0 37.479 50 …...

8 56 11.6 3.31 4.53 165 1.181 Aug 3428 528 2887 225 7317 87 5 1 5 36.702 7 66 10.2 6.81 12.8 361 1,463 1100 Sept 1133 9861 282 8378 57 2 30 2 1 65.556 4 86 6.05 1.25 3.32 964 958 1348 Oct 937 4034 177 3592 1 2 5 5 34.685 13 113 15.4 7.47 2.89 219 1095 Nov 2500 1172 7088 341 10501 12 2 9 9 50553 3 75 5.48 2.77 2.99 112 932 Dec 3000 1075 3728 168 15287 7 1 4 3 36.587 62 854 98.1 57.4 71.2 222 12.98 97.72 78,07 3.0 102.3 558.1 Tota 15.850 l 34 06 65 07 1 8 7 50 68 32 Source: Ministry of Port and Marine transport

Table 2: Import through Bossaso Port: 2010 (Tonnes)

Numb Numb past Cooki Tru Other Whe Diese er of er of a ng oil Construc ck Gene Total Peri Sug at Ceme l Ships Dhow Rice tion and ral Tonna od ar Flou nt (Dru s Material Car Carg ge r ms) s o 2010 6 62 221 1662 1487 Jan 7534 7089 3001 2549 5789 235 5570 2 37058 5 62 1755 1199 Feb 0 7570 1861 9160 780 3151 125 6848 32387 5 86 1831 3729 Mar 8555 6632 2328 3000 1166 6327 229 5479 4061 10 72 1379 1384 1334 Apr 8630 5100 8718 2464 6003 263 13597 9 6815 6 84 2053 3310 1920 May 3977 8987 4689 1023 5241 244 12725 0 61365 4 84 1220 1770 2605 Jun 1142 3327 5002 1349 8028 198 12786 1 48324 9 43 2973 1664 Jul 893 1244 3701 0 1506 9229 225 10788 32314 7 54 1922 1179 1170 Aug 6985 6021 6520 1951 4751 282 6989 0 42723 10 79 4021 168 1100 Sept 9134 4325 6555 1113 7840 177 14639 1 56026 8 70 3240 2704 1348 Oct 8450 4000 7302 1940 10520 185 11430 5 63284 7 65 1350 2580 3000 Nov 840 6500 6430 2572 9030 297 13820 6 58647 10 80 1189 4220 4520 2005 Dec 1570 9620 2800 12340 340 15040 0 8 82488 Tota 87 841 864 495 682 294 26949 9890 22013 8823 302 1297 52549 l 51 …...

34 65 10 06 0 8 5 11 2 Source: Ministry of Port and Marine transport

Chart 31: Import through Bossaso Port: 2008 (Tonnes)

52 …...

Annual Import through Bossaso Port: 1997 – 2010 (Tonnes)

Nu Num Pas Cooki Tru Other mb ber Whe t ng oil Diese Construc ck Gene Total er of Suga at Ceme l Year Rice tion and ral Tonna of Dho r Flou nt (Dru material Car Carg ge Shi ws r ms) s o ps 14,06 21,9 15,2 16,85 1997 2,992 1,999 6 08 17 1 16,07 14,9 11,2 29,47 10,54 1998 7,954 0 79 27 5 4 14,6 19,9 23,45 11,20 1999 9,585 9,420 14 98 3 6 19,51 26,1 27,3 44,26 16,70 2000 15,311 3 47 86 4 7 24,90 22,5 26,7 49,04 26,25 2001 15,217 1 32 40 9 5 33,96 46,5 29,2 60,05 25,39 2002 31,276 4 35 99 3 8 54,86 47,7 40,0 58,08 30,68 2003 43,954 3 71 99 9 0 69,57 57,6 48,4 51,69 36,19 2004 41,204 7 35 29 0 5 54,70 57,6 33,9 72,51 122,2 2005 18,019 2 35 09 3 10 62,30 58,8 42,1 86,54 43,81 2006 12,742 0 91 04 1 2

80,44 58,3 43,1 91,08 52,91 2007 10,723 0 77 63 9 9

10 910 8,82 11,21 8 137,3 46,7 50,7 7 1 80,16 49,47 1,98 68,65 468,67 2008 13,503 34 50 74 5 0 3 5 2

62 854 9813 5740 7126 222 12981 9772 305 10236 55813 2009 15850 78077 4 6 5 07 8 0 8 2 87 841 8643 4956 6821 294 29649 9890 12971 52549 2010 22013 88238 3025 4 5 0 06 0 1 2 Source: Ministry of Port and Marine transport

53 …...

Chart 32 :Annual Imports through Bossaso Port: 1997 - 2007(Tonnes)

Table 3: Exports through Bossaso Port: 1997

Camel Cattle Goat / Sheep Total livestock Hide & Skin Period Others (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (BND)* 1997 Jan 865 1,915 102,311 105,091 50,260 24 Feb 1,933 970 69,282 72,185 5,000 11 Mar 2,737 410 48,685 51,832 26,500 18 Apr 965 70 49,753 50,788 59,500 10 May 244 465 21,945 22,654 51,800 33 Jun 615 1,724 20,770 23,109 69,100 16 Jul 1,533 1,657 35,815 39,005 42,900 18 Aug 654 3,626 39,449 43,729 63,700 24 Sept 2,268 2,117 34,465 38,850 112,300 42

54 …...

Oct 750 526 19,390 20,666 44,700 17 Nov 580 1,680 21,230 23,490 65,300 42 Dec 1,455 2,671 31,225 35,351 42,450 33 Total 14,599 17,831 494,320 526,750 633,510 288 Source: Bossaso Port Authority * BND means a bundle containing 50 pieces of skin

Chart 33: Exports through Bossaso Port: 1997

120000 120,000

100000 100,000

80000 80,000

60000 60,000

40000 40,000 Hides & Skins

20000 20,000 No. of Livestock(Heads) of No. 0 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Month

Camel (Heads) Cattle (Heads) Goat / Sheep (Heads) Hide & Skin (BND)*

Table 4: Exports through Bossaso Port: 1998

Camel Cattle Goat / Sheep Total livestock Hide & Skin Period Others (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (BND) 1998 Jan 1,353 2,175 38,680 42,208 50,260 27 55 …...

Feb 1,090 1,974 38,620 41,684 26,500 3 Mar 0 2,400 84,990 87,390 61,000 37 Apr 0 1,713 13,930 15,643 27,000 26 May 120 1,990 25,540 27,650 2,200 0 Jun 200 2,740 28,050 30,990 1,380 10 Jul 835 2,850 36,900 40,585 980 0 Aug 250 3,230 37,650 41,130 20,600 2 Sept 90 2,610 38,400 41,100 0 6 Oct 0 1,440 41,910 43,350 2,000 15 Nov 0 2,120 48,550 50,670 640 0 Dec 0 4,250 82,800 87,050 4,700 20 Total 3,938 29,492 516,020 549,450 197,260 146 Source: Bossaso Port Authority

Chart 34 : Exports through Bossaso Port: 1998

100,000 65,000 90,000 55,000 80,000 70,000 45,000 60,000 35,000 50,000 40,000 25,000 30,000 15,000 20,000 5,000 10,000 Hides & Skins(BND) No.of livestock(Heads) 0 -5,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Month Camel (Heads) Cattle (Heads) Goat / Sheep (Heads) Hide & Skin (BND)

56 …...

Table 5: Exports through Bossaso Port: 1999

Camel Cattle Goat / Sheep Total livestock Hide & Skin Period Others (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (BND) 1999 Jan 100 3,710 62,138 65,948 1,850 36 Feb 170 1,677 54,985 56,832 1,100 66 Mar 200 717 63,032 63,949 3,800 27 Apr 0 1,460 31,250 32,710 1,400 144 May 0 1,350 16,800 18,150 200 15 Jun 600 3,520 35,640 39,760 0 10 Jul 2,364 1,150 56,450 59,964 0 37 Aug 1,650 4,290 39,930 45,870 1,800 30 Sept 1,385 6,408 40,000 47,793 0 64 Oct 2,015 3,180 42,050 47,245 5,813 28 Nov 1,490 4,930 77,640 84,060 24,000 43 Dec 1,684 3,928 116,085 121,697 0 6 Total 11,658 36,320 636,000 683,978 39,963 506 Source: Bossaso Port Authority

Chart 35: Exports through Bossaso Port: 1999

57 …...

140000 30,000 120000 25,000 100000 20,000 80000 15,000 60000 10,000 40000 20000 5,000 Hides & Skins(BND)

No. of Livestock (Heads) 0 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Month

Camel (Heads) Cattle (Heads) Goat / Sheep (Heads) Hide & Skin (BND)

Table 6: Export through Bossaso Port: 2000

Camel Cattle Goat / Sheep Total livestock Hide & Skin Period Others (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (BND) 2000 Jan 595 3,310 95,435 99,340 1,600 5 Feb 1,459 3,392 188,320 193,171 37,000 21 Mar 875 1,360 73,170 75,405 2,000 16 Apr 238 2,989 31,010 34,237 800 30 May 452 885 2,750 4,087 0 0 Jun 810 2,390 39,640 42,840 0 0 Jul 1,908 7,213 51,830 60,951 60,000 38 Aug 1,650 4,110 43,400 49,160 70,000 0 Sept 190 1,955 24,900 27,045 15,000 0 Oct 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nov 0 0 0 0 0 0 Dec 1,684 0 0 1,684 0 0 Total 9,861 27,604 550,455 587,920 186,400 110 Source: Bossaso Port Authority 58 …...

Chart 36: Export through Bossaso Port: 2000

250000 80,000 70,000 200000 60,000

150000 50,000 40,000 100000 30,000 20,000

50000 Hides & Skins(BND) 10,000 No. of Livestock(Heads) 0 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Month

Cattle (Heads) Goat / Sheep (Heads) Hide & Skin (BND)

Table 7: Export through Bossaso Port: 2001

Camel Cattle Goat / Sheep Total livestock Hide & Skin Period Others (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (BND) 2001 Jan 0 0 0 0 460 78 Feb 600 0 1,100 1,700 0 61 Mar 0 0 0 0 0 0 Apr 0 0 0 0 0 0 May 0 1,300 13,100 14,400 0 0 Jun 0 3,580 13,415 16,995 0 0

59 …...

Jul 0 7,479 39,660 47,139 0 0 Aug 0 17,710 40,600 58,310 0 5 Sept 0 2,114 93,963 96,077 37,425 11,641 Oct 0 2,615 87,864 90,479 51,000 1,052 Nov 600 4,204 137,750 142,554 25,000 85 Dec 750 3,245 121,401 125,396 63,800 2,415 Total 1,950 42,247 548,853 593,050 177,685 15,337 Source: Bossaso Port Authority

Chart 37: Export through Bossaso Port: 2001

140000 70000 120000 60000 100000 50000 80000 40000 60000 30000 40000 20000

20000 10000 Hides & Skins(BND) No. of Livestock(Heads) 0 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Month

Cattle (Heads) Goat / Sheep (Heads) Hide & Skin (BND)

Table 8: Export through Bossaso Port: 2002

Camel Cattle Goat / Sheep Total livestock Hide & Skin Period Others (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (BND) 2002

60 …...

Jan 618 3,540 159,330 163,488 0 0 Feb 1,020 1,738 199,840 202,598 0 3 Mar 785 3,977 102,948 107,710 0 16 Apr 1,183 4,250 39,780 45,213 1,700 15 May 744 3,470 85,310 89,524 0 0 Jun 883 5,470 109,900 116,253 0 0 Jul 820 7,610 121,490 129,920 100,000 853 Aug 170 7,740 113,300 121,210 0 0 Sept 650 3,864 69,308 73,822 2,578 59 Oct 782 4,448 150,845 156,075 0 0 Nov 765 3,433 160,245 164,443 0 0 Dec 1,300 3,773 100,154 105,227 97,000 41 Total 9,720 53,313 1,412,450 1,475,483 201,278 987 Source: Bossaso Port Authority

Chart 38: Export through Bossaso Port: 2002

61 …...

200000 100000

80000 150000 60000 100000 40000 50000 20000 No. of Livestock(Heads) of No. Hides & Skins(BND) 0 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Month

Cattle (Heads) Goat / Sheep (Heads) Hide & Skin (BND)

Table 9: Export through Bossaso Port: 2003 (No.)

Camel Cattle Goat / Sheep Total livestock Hide & Skin Period Others (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (BND) 2003 Jan 50 5,820 209,030 214,900 2,225 22 Feb 650 3,236 118,070 121,956 30 26 Mar 1,020 9,013 91,725 101,758 128 337 Apr 145 5,185 89,655 94,985 2,155 52 May 389 3,098 116,058 119,545 714 34 Jun 677 6,590 117,476 124,743 1,549 6 Jul 0 3,153 129,100 132,253 2,414 78 Aug 28 6,278 113,098 119,404 3,039 189 Sept 618 8,879 110,380 119,877 72,500 2,251 Oct 160 10,250 161,795 172,205 124,500 81,919 Nov 8 5,873 112,132 118,013 84,157 292 Dec 514 3,953 114,890 119,357 2 79,973 Total 4,259 71,328 1,483,409 1,558,996 293,413 165,179 Source: Bossaso Port Authority

62 …...

63 …...

Chart 39: Export through Bossaso Port: 2003(No.)

140,000 200000 120,000

150000 100,000 80,000 100000 60,000 40,000

Quantity(Heads) 50000

20,000 &Skins(BND) Hides 0 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Month Cattle (Heads) Goat / Sheep (Heads) Hide & Skin (BND)

Table 10: Exports through Bossaso Port: 2004 (No.)

Camel Cattle Goat / Sheep Total livestock Hide & Skin Period Others (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (BND) 2004 Jan 99 7,944 189,167 198,210 44 265 Feb 52 5,041 118,994 124,087 1,064 88 Mar 175 11,842 74,257 86,274 3,359 1,910 Apr 478 4,766 98,780 104,024 16,744 167 May 66 6,439 106,040 112,545 1,326 16 Jun 466 9,670 79,150 89,286 12 13 Jul 479 5,904 126,295 132,678 48 20 Aug 120 4,050 59,060 63,230 26 9,150 Sept 85 7,945 75,805 83,835 18 31 Oct 100 7,418 72,660 80,178 56 3 Nov 60 3,325 70,455 73,840 1,069 1,881 Dec 308 5,750 95,817 101,875 67,010 15 64 …...

Total 2,488 80,094 1,166,480 1,256,062 90,776 13,559

Source: Bossaso Port Authority

Chart 40: Exports through Bossaso Port: 2004

200000 70000 180000 60000 160000 140000 50000 120000 40000 100000 80000 30000 60000 20000 40000 10000

No. of Livestock(heads) 20000 Hides &Skins(BND) Hides 0 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Month Cattle (Heads) Goat / Sheep (Heads) Hide & Skin (BND)

Table 11: Exports through Bossaso Port: 2005 (No.)

Camel Cattle Goat / Sheep Total livestock Hide & Skin Period Others (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (BND) 2005 Jan 19 5,218 153,320 506 Feb 128 8,558 70,834 15,150 Mar 1087 8,740 98,207 80,500 Apr 600 6,429 97,120 00 May 50 6,868 85,550 00 3 600 Jun 1853 9,069 112,606 00 Jul 1581 5,232 118,613 812 137 65 …...

Aug 3898 7,340 98,140 960 Sept 3875 11,974 156,730 00 Oct 1221 6,544 193,442 1,680 Nov 2633 5,472 140,318 986 680 Dec 9,164 10,366 269,979 00 Total 26,109 91,810 1,594,859 100,594 3 1,417 Source: Bossaso Port Authority

Chart 41: Exports through Bossaso Port: 2005 (No.)

350000 300000 250000 200000 150000 100000 50000

No. of Livestock(Heads) 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Month

Camel (Heads) Cattle (Heads) Goat / Sheep (Heads)

Table 12: Export through Bossaso Port: 2006 (No.)

Camel Cattle Goat / Sheep Total livestock Hide & Skin Period Others (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (BND) 66 …...

2006 Jan 3,669 5,319 90,738 99,726 207,560 23,000 Feb 7,230 10,466 96,838 114,534 0 2,420 Mar 8,252 7,196 118,385 133,833 190,025 2,468 Apr 5,858 4,780 95,916 106,554 172,460 1,200 May 1,103 5,204 137,645 143,952 0 0 Jun 7,842 12,185 125,175 145,202 179,800 4,000 July 957 12,177 189,765 202,899 0 32,964 Aug 2,149 13,873 139,524 155,546 250,772 7,960 Sept 330 9,985 186,559 196,874 27,105 13,620 Oct 1,983 6,742 187,929 196,654 156,090 0 Nov 1,381 7,389 165,031 174,251 24,250 1,000 Dec 247 8,921 386,914 396,082 0 3,540 Total 41,001 104,237 1,920,419 2,066,107 1,208,062 92,172

Chart 42: Export through Bossaso Port: 2006 (No.)

400,000 400,000 350,000 350,000 300,000 300,000 250,000 250,000 200,000 200,000 150,000 150,000 100,000 100,000 50,000 50,000 Hides &Skins(BND) Hides No. of Livestock(Heads) 0 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Month

Camel (Heads) Cattle (Heads) Goat / Sheep (Heads) Hide & Skin (BND)

67 …...

Table 13: Export through Bossaso Port: 2007(No.) Camel Cattle Goat / Sheep Total livestock Hide & Skin Period Others (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (BND) 2007 Jan 1,480 7,800 119,850 129,130 25,550 0 Feb 2,920 2,440 64,950 70,310 5,135 3,40 Mar 2,600 5,390 96,100 104,090 3,959 3 Apr 3,900 5,620 37,015 46,535 0 790 May 2,950 8,195 38,770 49,915 0 0 Jun 1,143 6,882 38,340 46,365 2,609 0 July 3,917 21,397 111,360 136,674 0 650 Aug 2,400 9,388 83,590 95,378 4,544 8,625 Sept 3,614 9,729 191,490 204,833 3,215 2,803 Oct 1,980 4,440 111,580 118,000 0 3,991 Nov 155 7,520 37,950 386,725 4,180 639 Dec 685 7,095 252,000 259,780 0 0 Total 27,744 95,896 1,182,995 1,647,735 49,192 17,841 Source: Bossaso Port Authority

Chart 43: : Export through Bossaso Port: 2007 (No.)

68 …...

400,000 400,000 350,000 350,000 300,000 300,000 250,000 250,000 200,000 200,000 150,000 150,000 100,000 100,000 50,000 50,000 Hides &Skins(BND) Hides No. of Livestock(Heads) 0 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Month

Camel (Heads) Cattle (Heads) Goat / Sheep (Heads) Hide & Skin (BND)

69 …...

300,000 30,000

250,000 25,000

200,000 20,000

150,000 15,000

100,000 10,000

50,000 5,000 Hides &Skins(BND) Hides No. of livestock(Heads) 0 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Month

Camel (Heads) Cattle (Heads) Goat / Sheep (Heads) Hide & Skin (BND)

Table 14: Export through Bossaso Port: 2008 (No.) Hide & Camel Cattle Goat / Sheep Total livestock Period Skin Others (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (BND) 2008 Jan 2,917 8,022 24,600 35,539 4,805 0 Feb 2,911 11,157 40,100 54,188 0 0 Mar 2,090 5,380 47,980 55,450 0 0 Apr 2,722 3,455 42,670 48,847 3,023 13

May 1,420 4,250 50,050 55,720 8,800 0 Jun 3,508 7,104 92,156 102,768 0 0 July 4,395 4,417 89,280 98,092 438 0 Aug 4,730 8,698 115,631 129,059 0 0 Sept 1,070 7,098 46,350 5,518 3,885 5 Oct 408 5,970 56,396 62,774 0 0 Nov 1,330 3,355 515,410 520,095 3,747 0 Dec 138 9,140 116,152 125,430 3,690 0 Total 27,639 78,046 1,236,775 1,293,480 28,388 18 70 …...

Camel Cattle Goat / Sheep Total livestock Hide & Skin Period Others (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (BND) 2009 Jan 2.222 16,967 52.227 71.416 0 0 Feb 1,287 7.335 73.683 82.305 3.023 0 Mar 1.725 4.206 84.107 90.038. 0 0 Apr 2,910 3,165 87.391 93.466 27 0

May 1.699 3.153 81.502 86.354 21 130

Jun 1.809 1.425 81.934 85.168 0 38 July 475 3.843 106,389 110.707 0 152 Aug 649 2.914 105.774 109.337 0 0 Sept 1.724 3.529 89.825 95.078 4.692 0 Oct 638 8.242 62.640 71.520 0 0 Nov 173 4.964 341.005 346.142 0 22 Dec 950 8.223 36.801 45.974 1.640 0 Total 15.331 67.966 1,160.254 1,111.897 9.355 342

Source: Bossaso Port Authority

Table 15: Export through Bossaso Port: 2010 (No.)

Camel Cattle Goat / Sheep Total livestock Hide & Skin Period Others (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (BND) 2010 Jan 353 5.994 78.250 84.597 0 2 Feb 4.195 5770 81.620 91.585 3.740 6 Mar 2.910 11.174 87.391 101.475 0 9 Apr 1.210 8.224 80.054 81.488 0 0

May 979 13.812 44.871 59.662 151 0

Jun 2.010 5.449 76.585 84.054 0 26 July 2.736 7.325 111.812 121.873 0 69 71 …...

Aug 2.080 2.270 80.480 84.830 0 59 Sept 480 13.737 136.049 95.078 0 134 Oct 490 12.500 125.130 138.120 0 0 Nov 520 11.787 124.450 136.757 0 0 Dec 580 11.984 120.890 133.454 0 0 Total 18.543 110.026 1,147.582 1,007.046 3,890 305 Source: Bossaso Port Authority

Chart 44: Export through Bossaso Port: 2008(No.)

72 …...

Table 16: Annual Export through Bossaso Port: 1997 – 2010 (No.)

Camel Cattle Goat / Sheep Total livestock Hide & Skin Year Others (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (Heads) (BND) 1997 14,599 17,831 494,320 526,750 633,510 288 1998 3,938 29,492 516,020 549,450 197,260 146 1999 11,658 36,320 636,000 683,978 39,963 506 2000 9,861 27,604 550,455 587,920 186,400 110 2001 1,950 42,247 548,853 593,050 177,685 15,337 2002 9,720 53,313 1,412,450 1,475,483 201,278 987 2003 4,259 71,328 1,483,409 1,558,996 293,413 165,179 2004 2,488 80,094 1,103,480 1,186,062 90,776 13,559 2005 26,109 91,810 1,594,859 100,594 3 1,417 2006 41,001 104,237 1,920,419 2,066,107 1,208,062 92,172 2007 27,744 95,896 1,182,995 1,647,735 49,192 17,841 2008 27,639 78,046 1,236,775 1,293,480 28,388 18 2009 15.331 67.966 1,160.254 1,111.897 9.355 345 2010 18.543 110.026 1,147.582 1,007.046 3.890 305 Source: Bossaso Port Authority

73 …...

Chart 45: Annual Export through Bossaso Port: 1997 - 2008(No.)

Table 17: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure: 2000 – 2010 (So.Sh)(Hundred Thousands)

Local Government Revenue Expenditure Deficit/Surplus Bossaso 2000 22,373 21,951 422 2001 47,512 46,756 756 2002 76,064 73,554 2,510 2003 118,528 119,557 (1,029) 2004 92,062 93,848 (1,785) 2005 2006 149,845 152,410 (2,565) 2007 155,365.327 156,987.398 (1,621.07) 2008 165,607.72 164,069.70 1538.02 2009 2010 32,862,772.500 30,479.565.000 2,383.207 Carmo 2010 5,186.000,000 5,186.000.000 0 Galkacyo 74 …...

2000 14,604 14,604 0 2001 26,441 26,441 0 2002 39,667 39,667 0 2003 42,000 46,100 -4,100 2004 46,100 46,100 0 2005 63,407 63,601 -194 2006 52,598 51,961 637 2007 77520.41 73,990.19 3,530.22 2008 122,416.74 111,851.70 10,565.04 2009 2010 Xarfo 2010 2,137,320.000 2,137,320.000 0 Garowe 2000 5,438 5,300 138 2001 ...... 2002 3,820 3,809 11 2003 12,920 .. .. 2004 13,500 .. .. 2005 ...... 2006 905,802 886,990 20,200 2007 17,439.15 17,018.44 420.70 2008 3,182.881 3,182.881 0 2009 2010 6,000,000.000 6,000,000.000 0 Buurtinle 2010 1,224,120.000 1,224,120.000 0 Dangoroyo 2010 1,239,600.000 1,239,600.000 0 Lascanod 2003 246.00 246.00 0 2004 970.00 970.00 0 2005 923.09 923.86 -0.77 2006 14,400 15,600 (1,200) 2007 N/A N/A N/A 2008 N/A N/A N/A 2009 2010 Gardo 2005 1,541.54 1,441.18 100.36 75 …...

2006 19,525.77 19,114.33 411.44 2007 23,902.27 22,599.65 1302.62 2008 32,365.40 33,337.95 -972.55 2009 2010 6,821,591.996 6,821,891.930 -299.934.5 Waaciye 2010 3,322,164.000 3,322,164.000 0 Source: Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development

Chart 46: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure - Bossaso: 2000 - 2008(So.Sh)

Chart 8:

76 …...

Chart 47: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure - Galkacyo: 2000 - 2008(So.Sh)

Chart 48:Local Government Revenue and Expenditure - Garowe: 2000 - 2008(So.Sh)

77 …...

Chart 49: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure - Lascanod: 2003 - 2006(So.Sh)

18000 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 Amount in So.Sh('000) -2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 -4000 Year

Revenue Expenditure Deficit/Surplus

78 …...

Chart 50 :Local Government Revenue and Expenditure - Gardo: 2005 - 2008(So.Sh)

Chart 51: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure - comparison among towns: 2000

79 …...

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

Amount So.Sh ('000) 5,000

0 Bossaso Galkacyo Garowe Town

Revenue Expenditure Deficit/Surplus

Chart 52: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure - comparison among towns: 2002

80,000

70,000 60,000

50,000 40,000

30,000 20,000

Amount in So.Sh('000) 10,000 0 Bossaso Galkacyo Garowe Town

Revenue Expenditure Deficit/Surplus

80 …...

Chart 9:

81 …...

Chart 53: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure - comparison among towns: 2004

100,000

80,000

60,000

40,000

20,000

Amount So.Sh('000) 0 Bossaso Galkacyo Garowe Lascanod -20,000 Town

Revenue Expenditure Deficit/Surplus

Chart 54: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure - comparison among towns: 2006

1,000,000 900,000 800,000 700,000 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000

Amount in So.Sh('000) 100,000 0 -100,000 Bossaso Galkacyo Garowe Lascanod Gardo Town

Revenue Expenditure Deficit/Surplus

82 …...

Chart 10:

83 …...

Cart 55: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure - comparison among towns: 2007

180,000 160,000 140,000 120,000 100,000 80,000 60,000 40,000

Amount Amount in So.Sh('000) 20,000 0 Bossaso Galkacyo Garowe Lascanod Gardo Town

Revenue Expenditure Deficit/Surplus

Chart 55: Local Government Revenue and Expenditure - comparison among towns: 2008

84 …...

Table 18: Market Prices for Selected Commodities: 2003 (So.Sh) (Thousands)

Commodities Unit Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 2003 Bread & Cereals Maize Local sus ...... 4.0 4.0 4.0 Maize Import sus ...... 5.0 4.0 5.0 Sorghum sus ...... 6.5 5.0 6.5 Rice Local kg ...... Rice Import kg ...... 6.0 6.0 6.0 Wheat Floor kg ...... 6.0 6.0 6.0 Bread pc ...... 2.5 2.0 2.5 Spaghetti kg ...... 11.5 11.5 11.5 Meat , Milk & Eggs Camel Meat kg ...... 45.0 45.0 45.0 Beef Meat kg ...... 40.0 40.0 40.0 Goat Meat kg ...... 35.0 35.0 35.0 Cow Milk 0.5Ltr ...... 10.0 10.0 10.0 Camel Milk 0.5Ltr ...... 10.0 16.3 10.0 Goat Milk 0.5Ltr ...... 12.0 18.0 12.0 Milk Powder 900gr ...... 147.5 212.5 147.5 Eggs Local pc ...... 2.0 2.0 2.0 Eggs Import pc ...... 3.0 3.0 3.0 Oil & Fats Sesame Oil Ltr ...... 29.0 29.0 29.0 Seeds (white) Oil Ltr ...... 45.5 14.8 45.5 Ghee Ltr ...... 130.0 98.8 130.0 Sugar , Salt & Spices Sugar kg ...... 6.5 7.4 6.5 Salt kg ...... 3.0 3.0 3.0 Cardamom kg ...... 300.0 300.0 300.0 Fruits & Vegetables Onions kg ...... 8.0 8.0 8.0 Tomatoes kg ...... 13.0 13.3 13.0 Bananas kg ...... 14.3 14.0 14.3 Lemon kg ...... 14.3 14.0 14.3 Mango kg ...... 18.0 18.1 18.0 Grapefruits (Med pc ...... 4.1 4.3 4.1 um) Papaya pc ...... 10.5 10.0 10.5 Beans sus ...... 5.0 5.0 5.0 Potatoes kg ...... 9.3 9.3 9.3 Green Pepper kg ...... 182.1 7.0 182.1 85 …...

Canned 70gr ...... 15.4 4.3 15.4 Tomatoes Beverages & Tobacco Tea kg ...... 30.0 30.5 30.0 Coffee Powder kg ...... 10.0 10.0 10.0 Soft Dr inks bottle ...... 10.0 10.0 10.0 Ice kg ...... 3.3 4.5 3.3 Juice bottle ...... 10.0 10.0 10.0 Cigarettes box ...... 12.5 12.5 12.5 Fuel Kerosene Ltr ...... 12.0 12.0 12.0 Charcoal kg ...... 80.0 75.0 80.0 Diesel Ltr ...... 6.0 7.3 6.0 Petrol Ltr ...... 8.0 8.0 8.0 Source: MOPIC .. Data Not Available Sus=1 kg for this table

86 …...

Table 19: Market Prices for Selected Commodities: 2004 (So.Sh) (Thousands) Commodities Unit Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 2004 Bread & Cereals Maize Local sus .. 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 Maize Import sus .. 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 .. Sorghum sus .. 5.0 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 6.0 R ice Local kg ...... Rice Import kg .. 5.7 6.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.0 wheat Floor kg .. 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 7.4 7.4 7.4 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 Bread pc .. 2.0 2.0 0.5 5.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Spaghetti kg .. 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 12.0 12.0 12.0 11.5 11.5 12.0 11.0 Meat , Milk & Eggs Camel Meat kg .. 41.7 25.0 25.0 25.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 30.0 40.0 Beef Meat kg .. 36.7 30.0 30.0 30.0 34.5 34.5 33.0 30.0 30.0 35.0 .. Goat Meat kg .. 35.0 35.0 35.0 37.5 25.8 25.8 25.0 40.0 40.0 45.0 60.0 Cow Milk 0.5Ltr .. 10.0 11.0 ...... Camel Milk 0.5Ltr .. 7.5 8.0 10.0 8.8 10.0 10.0 10.0 12.0 12.0 15.0 9.0 Goat Milk 0.5Ltr .. 14.0 14.0 12.0 12.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 8.0 Milk Powder 900gr .. 205.8 202.5 203.8 202.5 205.0 206.3 205.0 180.0 180.0 187.5 80.0 Eggs Local pc .. 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 1.5 1.5 3.0 3.0 Eggs Import pc .. 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.5 4.0 Oil & Fats Sesame Oil Ltr .. 28.7 29.3 28.5 29.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 25.0 Seeds (white) Ltr .. 14.2 14.0 14.0 28.0 14.0 14.4 14.4 14.1 14.0 15.0 20.0 O l Ghee Ltr .. 100.0 110.0 100.0 10.0 10.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 129.5 Sugar, Salt & Spices Sugar kg .. 6.3 6.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 Salt kg .. 3.3 2.5 2.5 27.5 2.9 2.9 2.5 8.0 7.8 2.0 2.0 Cardamom kg .. 300.0 300.0 300.0 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 25.0 25.0 150.0 125.0 Fruits & Vegetables Onions kg .. 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.4 8.0 8.0 7.8 7.8 8.5 8.0 Tomatoes kg .. 12.3 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.5 10.0 10.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 14.0 Bananas kg .. 12.7 1.0 1.0 20.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Lemon kg .. 12.7 1.0 1.0 20.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Mango kg .. 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.6 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 30.0 15.0 Grapefruits pc .. 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 14.5 4.4 4.0 4.0 4.0 5.5 3.0 (Med um) Papaya pc .. 14.0 15.0 10.0 20.0 17.5 17.5 15.0 21.3 20.0 25.0 20.0 Beans sus .. 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 12.0 Potatoes kg .. 8.7 8.5 8.8 8.5 8.8 8.8 8.5 8.3 8.0 8.5 10.0 Green Pepper kg .. 7.7 13.0 13.0 13.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.3 11.0 15.0 Canned 70gr .. 2.0 2.0 2.0 10.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 6.5 6.5 2.0 2.0 Tomatoes Beverages & Tobacco 87 …...

Tea kg .. 31.3 32.0 32.0 31.8 34.3 34.3 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 30.0 Coffee Powder kg .. 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Soft Drinks bottle .. 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 9.5 10.0 9.0 Ice kg .. 3.0 3.0 3.8 5.0 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 Juice bottle .. 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 11.0 3.0 Cigarettes box .. 12.5 12.5 6.3 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 13.0 12.6 12.5 10.0 Fuel Kerosene Ltr .. 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 8.0 8.0 Charcoal kg .. 78.3 70.0 85.0 85.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 70.0 70.0 85.0 70.0 Diesel Ltr .. 7.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.0 Petrol Ltr .. 8.7 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 Source: MOPIC .. Data Not Available Sus=1 kg for this table

Table 20: Market Prices for Selected Commodities: 2005 (So.Sh) (Thousands)

Commodities Un t Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 2005 Bread & Cereals Maize Local sus 8.0 6.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.5 Maize Import sus 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 Sorghum sus 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.5 7.0 7.0 7.0 Rice Local kg ...... Rice Import kg 6.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 Wheat Floor kg 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 Wheat kg ...... Bread pc 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Spaghetti kg 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.0 9.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 Meat , Milk & Eggs Camel Meat kg 30.0 35.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 25.0 30.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 Beef Meat kg ...... Goat Meat kg 35.0 30.0 40.0 30.0 30.0 22.0 22.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 Cow Milk 0.5Ltr ...... Camel Milk 0.5Ltr 10.0 12.0 12.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Goat Milk 0.5Ltr 14.0 10.0 10.0 8.0 8.0 7.5 7.5 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Milk Powder 900gr 190.0 175.0 170.0 165.0 165.0 170.0 170.0 170.0 170.0 170.0 170.0 170.0 Eggs Local pc 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Eggs Import pc 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Oil & Fats Sesame Oil Ltr 30.0 30.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 28.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 29.0 Seeds (white) Ltr 16.0 13.5 13.0 12.5 12.5 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 Oil Ghee Ltr 80.0 80.0 80.0 60.0 60.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 Sugar, Salt & Spices Sugar kg 7.5 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 9.0

88 …...

Salt kg 4.5 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Cardamom kg 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 Fruits & Vegetables Onions kg 8.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 Tomatoes kg 7.5 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 Bananas kg 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Lemon kg 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Mango kg 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Grapefruits (Med pc 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 um) Papaya pc 16.0 20.0 20.0 15.0 15.0 20.0 20.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 Beans sus 5.0 8.5 8.5 9.0 9.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Potatoes kg 8.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 Green Pepper kg 12.0 15.0 14.0 15.0 15.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 Canned 70gr 2.0 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Tomatoes Beverages & Tobacco Tea kg 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 Cardamom kg 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 Coffee Powder kg 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 Soft Drinks bottle 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 Ice kg 4.0 4.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Juice bottle 8.0 8.0 12.0 8.0 8.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 Cigarettes box 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Fuel Kerosene Ltr 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 Charcoal kg 85.0 96.0 90.0 100.0 100.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 Diesel Ltr 9.5 10.0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.0 9.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Petrol Ltr 9.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5

Source: MOPIC .. Data Not Available Sus=1 kg for this table

Table 21: Market Prices for Selected Commodities: 2006 (So.Sh) (Thousands)

Commodities Unit Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 2006 Bread & Cereals Maize Local sus Maize Import sus 8,8 8,6 8,9 8.8 9.0 9.1 10.0 9.8 10.1 10.0 10.2 10.3 Sorghum sus 10.2 10.0 10.3 10.2 10.4 10.5 11.2 10.0 11.3 11.2 11.4 11.5 Rice Local kg 0 Rice Import kg 4.6 4.6 4.8 5.0 4.9 4.8 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.3 6.2 6.0 wheat Floor kg 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.8 5.7 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.6 wheat kg Bread pc Spaghetti kg 11.0 10.6 11.4 11.2 11.5 11.8 11.5 11.1 11.9 11.7 12.0 12.3 89 …...

Meat , Milk & Eggs Camel Meat kg 30.5 30.6 31.0 29.1 30.8 29.5 27.5 27.6 28.1 28.6 28.3 28.0 Beef Meat kg 0 Goat Meat kg 56.0 55.4 54.8 54.2 54.0 52.0 51.0 52.4 53.0 53.6 53.4 53.2 Cow Milk 0.5Ltr 10.0 10.0 10.0 12.0 13.0 17.0 15.0 12.0 11.0 10.0 10.0 15.0 Camel Milk 0.5Ltr 9.0 9.0 10.0 10.0 11.0 10.0 8.0 9.0 8.0 8.0 7.0 10.0 Goat Milk 0.5Ltr 7.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 10.0 9.0 Milk Powder (6Pcs) 15 KG 129.0 128.6 129.4 129.2 129.5 129.8 128.0 127.6 128.4 128.2 128.5 128.8 Eggs Local pc 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Eggs Import pc 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 Oil & Fats Sesame Oil 1 kg 30.0 30.0 30.0 25.0 30.0. 35.0 35.0 35.0 40.0 35.0 30.0 29.0 Hayat Oil 6Pcs 18Ltr 270 266 274 272 275 278 245 241 249 247 250 253 Ghee 1-kg 80 80 90 110 110 80 120 120 110 111 110 90 Sugar, Salt & Spices Sugar 50kg 420 428 436 444 452 460 430 425 420 415 410 425 Salt 1 kg 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Cardamom kg 90.0 100 93 86 88 85 90 95 88 81 83 85 Fruits & Vegetables Onions 1 kg 10 10 11 10 10 10 10 13 16 14 14 13 Tomatoes 1 kg 15 12 11 12 12 12 17 21 25 20 16 19 Bananas 1 kg 10 10 10 10 12 12 15 10 10 12 12 15 Lemon 1 kg 15 15 15 17 17 15 18 17 17 15 15 17 Mango 1 kg 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 6 4 5 Grapefruits (Med pc ...... um) Papaya 1 kg 20 20 20 25 25 20 25 20 25 30 30 30 Beans sus 320 316 324 322 325 328 410 406 414 412 415 418 Potatoes kg 12 17 16 15 14 13 15 18 17 16 15 14 Green Pepper kg 12 18 15 17 16 20 21 18 19 17 16 15 Canned Tomatoes 70gr 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Onions 1 kg 10 10 11 10 10 10 10 13 16 14 14 13 Beverages & Tobacco Tea 1 kg 37 40 33 26 28 30 37 43 36 29 31 33 Cardamom 1 kg 80 80 80 80 80 85 90 85 85 90 90 90 Coffee Powder 1 kg 10 10 10 10 10 12 12 12 12 10 10 12 Soft Drinks bottle 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Ice 1 kg 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Juice bottle 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 Cigarettes Pocket 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 Fuels Kerosene 1 Ltr 11 13 10 10 10 10 11 11 10 10 12 10 Charcoal 50 kg 100 100 100 100 110 110 110 110 105 105 110 110 Diesel 1 Ltr 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Petrol 1 Ltr 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 9 10 Source: MOPIC

90 …...

Market Prices for Selected Commodities: 2007 (So.Sh) (Thousands)

Commodities Unit Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 2007 Bread & Cereals Maize Local Sus 6.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Maize Import Sus 6.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Sorghum Sus 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Rice Local kg 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rice Import kg 7.0 7.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 9.0 11.0 12.0 14.0 14.0 16.0 16.0 wheat Floor kg 7.0 7.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 14.5 14.5 14.5 wheat kg 0 0 0 0 0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 Bread pc 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Spaghetti kg 11.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 19.0 21.0 21.0 Meat , Milk & Eggs Camel Meat kg 50.0 70.0 70.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 Beef Meat kg 50.0 50.0 50.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 Goat Meat kg 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 Cow Milk 0.5Ltr 10.0 10.0 10.0 7.0 7.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 14.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 Camel Milk 0.5Ltr 9.0 6.5 6.5 5.0 5.0 8.0 12.0 13.0 13.7 16.0 16.0 16.0 Goat Milk 0.5Ltr 10.0 10.0 10.0 5.0 5.0 8.0 10.0 11.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 Milk Powder 15 KG 975.0 975.0 975.0 1,650.0 1,650.0 1,650.0 1,875.0 1,875.0 2,025.0 2,550.0 2,625.0 2,625 (6Pcs) Eggs Local pc 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Eggs Import pc 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Oil & Fats Sesame Oil 1 kg 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 Hayat Oil 6Pcs 18 Ltr 360.0 360.0 360.0 270.0 270.0 270.0 450.0 630.0 720.0 540 504.0 504.0 Ghee 1-kg 72.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 120.0 120.0 122.5 120.0 125.0 125.0 Sugar, Salt & Spices Sugar 50kg 500.0 500.0 600.0 500.0 550.0 600.0 600.0 600.0 650.0 650.0 800.0 800.0 Salt 1 kg 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Cardamom kg 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 127.5 136.2 136.2 136.2 136.2 136.2 136.2 136.2 Fruits & Vegetables Onions 1 kg 10.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 Tomatoes 1 kg 8.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 18.0 10.0 12.0 12.0 Bananas 1 kg 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 Lemon 1 kg 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 Mango 1 kg 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Grapefruits pc 0 0 0 0 0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 (Med um) Papaya 1 kg 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 Beans sus 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 9.0 10.0 10.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 Potatoes kg 9.5 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 Green Pepper kg 17.5 15.0 17.5 17.5 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 Canned 70gr 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Tomatoes 91 …...

Beverages & Tobacco Tea 1 kg 30.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 Cardamom 1 kg 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 127.5 136.2 136.2 136.2 136.2 136.2 136.2 136.2 Coffee Powder 1 kg 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 35.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 Soft Drinks bottle 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 Ice 1 kg 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Juice bottle 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Cigarettes Pocket 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 Fuels Kerosene 1 Ltr 10,0 10.0 10.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 20.0 20.0 Charcoal 50 kg 80,0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 150.0 150.0 150.0 150.0 Diesel 1 Ltr 7,0 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 13.0 17.0 22.0 22.0 Petrol 1 Ltr 10,0 10.0 10.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 13.0 17.0 21.0 21.0 Source: MOPIC

Table 48: Market Prices for Selected Commodities: 2008 (So.Sh) (Thousands)

Commodities Unit Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 2008 Bread & Cereals Maize Local Sus 13.5 13.5 14.6 16 16 16 17 17.5 24 24 20 20 Maize Import Sus 13.0 13 10.5 16 16 16 16 0 18 18 18 18 Sorghum Sus 13.5 14 16.0 16.5 16 17 18 17.5 19 19 20 20 Rice Local kg N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Rice Import kg 13.5 16 17.5 20 32 39 43 18.5 44 27 40 40 wheat Floor kg 16.0 19 19 24 36 36 39 44 40 30 30 30 wheat kg 10.0 0 16 0 0 0 0 40 28 28 40 40 Bread pc 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Spaghetti kg 29.0 28 35 42 53 53 56 56 58 60 60 60

Camel Meat kg 69.0 70 79.9 90 110 140 150 155 160 160 160 160 Beef Meat kg N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Goat Meat kg 80 80 80 100 140 140 160 170 175 180 167.5 167.5 Cow Milk 1Ltr N/A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Camel Milk 1Ltr 18 18 20 23 27 25 30 35 50 35 20 20 Goat Milk 1Ltr 18 18 21 28 27 25 32 36 47.5 38 25 25 Milk Powder 15 KG 2400 2,700 2,792 3,700 3,600 3,900 3,960 3,960 4,065 4,065 4,069 4,065 (6Pcs) Eggs Local pc 4.0 4 3,7 4,7 5 5 6 6 7 7 7 7 Eggs Import pc 3.0 3 4.0 4,7 5 5 5.5 5.5 6 6 6 6 Oil & Fats Sesame Oil 1 kg 67 70 77.9 94.7 120 120 160 190 200 200 200 200 Hayat Oil 6Pcs 18 Ltr 616.5 661.5 742.5 882 1,385 1,368 1,368 1,368 1,448 1,422 1,170 1,170 Ghee 1-kg 164 170 195.6 200 210 220 250 247.5 290 280 300 300

92 …...

Sugar 50kg 700 650 728 862.5 1,100 22 22 22 22 22 20 20 Salt 1 kg 3.8 5.0 4.2 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Fruits & Vegetables 300 Onions 1 kg 25. 11.0 10.7 11.6 16 18 20 22 24 24 40 40 Tomatoes 1 kg 17 22.75 20.3 21.6 30 45 47 47.5 49 49.5 45 45 Bananas 1 Pc 20 20 2.0 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Lemon 1 pc 2.5 2.6 3.6 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 Mango 1 pc 9.5 6 6.6 8 8 8 10 10 12 12 12 12 Grapefruits (Med pc 9.0 5.0 8.6 9 10 10 12 12 14 14 14 14 um) Papaya 1 kg 39 23.75 25 25.5 27.7 28 30 35 40 40 40 40 Beans sus 16 18.0 21.5 28.2 28 30 36 38 42 47 48 48 Potatoes kg 19.5 22.75 25.5 29.5 35 40 45 45 47 47 35 35 Green Pepper kg 20 14.5 25.5 31.2 28 50 55 55 57 57 53 53 Canned 70gr 2.5 3.0 3.8 4.7 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 Tomatoes Beverages & Tobacco Tea 1 kg 57.5 50.0 60.1 85.5 90 90 90 90 90 87 85 85 Cardamom 1 kg 122 136.2 176.2 180.5 196.2 205 210 220 250 250 320 320 Coffee Powder 1 kg 25 25.0 27 28.5 29.5 30 35 35 35 35 50 50 Soft Drinks bottle 10 12.0 11.5 13.2 15 17 18 18 17 18 18 18 Ice 1 kg 6 6.0 6.0 8 8 8 10 10 14 14 14 14 Juice bottle 10 11.5 11.5 12.5 15 17 18 18 18 18 18 18 Cigarettes Pocket 10.5 12.5 15 15.5 18.5 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 Fuels Kerosene 1 Ltr 18 19.0 22.5 24.2 30 34 38 38 40 40 50 50 Charcoal 50 kg 200 200 186 181.2 185 190 230 272.5 295 280 310 310 Diesel 1 Ltr 21 21.5 24 25.5 35 45 46 46 46 46 30 30 Petrol 1 Ltr 18 18.5 16.5 21 24 34 36 36 36 36 26 26 Source: MOPIC

93 …...

Table 48: Market Prices for Selected Commodities: 2009 (So.Sh) (Thousands) Commo dities Unit Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 2009 Bread & Cereals Maize Sus 18 18 16 16.3 17.5 16.6 16.6 18 23 19.8 19,3 18 Local Maize Sus 15 15.8 15.7 15.7 16.2 15.3 15.7 16.3 18.7 18.7 17.3 16.7 Import Sorghu Sus 21 20.7 19 21.3 21.5 21.3 21.3 21.7 23.7 22.8 22.3 21.4 m Rice 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 kg 0 Local Rice kg 24.3 25.1 25.7 26 26.5 24.3 24 24 24.3 24 24 23.6 Import wheat kg 19.7 19 20.7 20.5 20.5 19.7 19.7 19.7 20.3 20 20 19.8 Floor wheat kg 31.3 29.3 31.3 29.8 30 28.3 27.5 27.5 37.5 35 34 32.8 Bread pc 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Spagh kg 26.3 25.8 26.7 26.5 26.5 26.7 27.3 28.3 36.3 32 31 28 etti

Camel kg 163.3 168.6 173.3 178.3 184 168.3 169.2 169 171.7 168.3 170 163.1 Meat Beef 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 kg 0 Meat Goat kg 175 181.3 186.7 188.3 191.7 175 168.3 170 178.3 175 173.3 170 Meat Cow 1Ltr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Milk Camel 1Ltr 37.5 41.3 38.3 44.3 37.3 27 30.3 32 63.3 32.3 28.7 31.3 Milk Goat 1Ltr 38.2 41.4 38.3 44.3 36.7 25.3 31 34.3 65 33.7 30.3 31.7 Milk Milk Powde 15 KG 361.7 360 360 366.7 371 375.8 373.3 370.2 420 395.3 385 380 r (6Pcs) Eggs pc 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 Local Eggs pc 6.7 6.7 6.7 6,7 6,7 6,7 6,7 6,7 6,7 6,7 6,7 6,7 Import Oil & Fats Sesam 1 kg 134 133.8 140 138.3 138.3 101.7 103.3 110 151.7 145.8 141.7 136.3 e Oil Hayat Oil 18 Ltr 29.3 29.5 28.7 29.7 32 34.7 34.7 34.7 39.3 35.3 33.7 30 6Pcs Ghee 1-kg 350 355.7 360 370 383.3 323.3 345 343.3 413.3 366.7 353.3 346.7

Sugar 50kg 26.2 26.9 27.3 28.1 27.6 27.4 27.3 27.2 25.3 25.5 23.3 24.6 Salt 1 kg 5.3 5.3 6.6 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 6.6 6.6 Fruits & Vegetables 300 Onions 1 kg 23.3 23 20.7 23.8 24.6 30.5 32.8 31.5 30.7 27.3 24.5 23.8 Tomat 1 kg 30 24.4 27.3 28 28 36.2 37.7 31.8 35.2 34.7 32 30.4 oes Banan 1 Pc 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 as 94 …...

Lemon 1 pc 10 11.3 14.3 10.3 13.3 11.3 10 10 12.7 11.7 11.5 10.7

Mango 1 pc 17.3 16.7 16.3 16.8 15.2 17.4 16.7 14.9 17 18 16.3 16.5 Grapef ruits pc 12 17 13.3 14 13 13.3 12.7 12.8 13.7 14 12.3 12.1 (Med um) Papay 1 kg 32.3 32.4 33 33.7 34.6 36.7 35.7 35.7 45.7 35 34.7 33.7 a Beans sus 35.3 35,8 29 33 39.1 29.1 29 29.3 45.3 38.6 37.6 37.9 Potato kg 23.6 22.6 23 24 24.4 25.6 26 26.3 33.6 25.8 25 24.9 es Green kg 44 44,1 44 44 43,3 47,3 47,6 49,3 55.3 49.2 47.3 37 Pepper Canne d 70gr 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Tomat oes Beverages & Tobacco Tea 1 kg 63.7 62.8 63.7 60.7 62 60 65 65 83.3 78.3 68.7 66.7 Carda 1 kg 291.7 294.6 295 310 318 323.3 323.3 316.7 348.3 325 306 293.3 mom Coffee Powde 1 kg 43.3 42.7 47.3 44.3 45 45 44.3 45 55.5 53.3 46.5 46 r Soft bottle 16.6 16.6 17,3 17.3 17.3 18 17 17 17.7 16.3 16.3 16.3 Drinks Ice 1 kg 12.7 12.7 11.3 11.3 10.3 9.7 9.7 12 13.3 12.7 12.7 13

Juice bottle 17 17 16.3 16.8 16.7 17.3 17.3 17.3 18.7 17.7 17.7 17.7 Cigaret Pocket 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 tes Fuels Kerose 1 Ltr 39.3 40.7 40.7 43.3 32.3 43,3 43.3 43.3 45 43 42.7 41 ne Charco 50 kg 310.3 310.3 30.3 320.2 320.3 320 320 320 370 333.3 316.7 310 al Diesel 1 Ltr 25.2 25.3 25.7 25 25.3 27.7 27,7 27.7 25 25 24.9 24.7 Petrol 1 Ltr 23.3 23.3 23.7 23.3 23.3 23.7 23.7 23.7 23.7 22.8 22.8 22.3 Source: MOPIC

95 …...

Table 48: Market Prices for Selected Commodities: 2010` (So.Sh) (Thousands)

Commodities Unit Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec 2010 Bread & Cereals Maize Local Sus 18 18 18 19.5 19.5 14.3 14.3 14.1 14.8 14.1 15.7 15.4 Maize Import Sus 15.7 15.8 16 18.3 16.4 15.3 17.4 17.3 17.5 17.7 17.3 16.7 Sorghum Sus 22.6 20.6 21.3 21.3 21.5 21.4 22.1 22 21.4 21.4 19.6 19.7 Rice Local kg 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rice Import kg 23.3 25.2 25.3 26 26.5 25.7 23.7 23.8 25.2 24.2 25.1 24.5 wheat Floor kg 19.7 19 20 20.1 20.6 20 20 19.5 20.3 20.4 21..4 21.5 wheat kg 31.1 30 29.9 29.8 30 28 29.8 29.6 29.1 28 29.5 30.3 Bread pc 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Spaghetti kg 27.3 25.6 26 26.3 26.7 27 32.5 30.2 30.9 30.8 30.1 28.7

Camel Meat kg 178.3 169.7 173.3 178.3 183.4 167.5 170.9 204.4 206.1 185.4 183.9 194.4 Beef Meat kg 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Goat Meat kg 170 181.1 185 188.3 187.9 174.9 178.2 177.7 181,5 179.8 189.5 188.2 Cow Milk 1Ltr 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Camel Milk 1Ltr 37.2 41.3 40 44.3 37.3 31.7 33.4 45 49.8 44.5 47.3 48.1 Goat Milk 1Ltr 37.8 41.4 40 44.3 36.7 26.6 35.3 43.2 43.8 47.8 43.2 46.4 Milk Powder (6Pcs) 15 KG 380 360 361.7 366.7 370 374 425.2 419.7 419.7 412.9 407.4 406 Eggs Local pc 7.3 7.3 73 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 Eggs Import pc 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 Oil & Fats Sesame Oil 1 kg 117.3 133.8 133.3 138.3 138.3 109.8 123.3 148.3 122.7 119.3 122.5 140 Hayat Oil 6Pcs 18 Ltr 36 29.5 28.7 29.7 32 32.9 36.9 39.2 39.6 39.6 40.2 40.3 Ghee 1-kg 366.7 353.5 360 370 375.8 350.8 357.3 360.8 365.2 356.8 373.5 374.4

Sugar 50kg 27 26.9 27.2 28.2 28.6 28.6 28.1 26.7 27.8 31.4 32.4 30.7 Salt 1 kg 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 Fruits & Vegetables 300 Onions 1 kg 25.7 23 23.2 23.8 28.7 28.5 31.7 34.4 33.4 31.1 32.8 29.4 Tomatoes 1 kg 27.5 27.5 27.8 28 28.3 34.8 36.3 135.1 37.5 30.2 27.4 22.7

96 …...

Bananas 1 Pc 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7

Lemon 1 pc 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

Mango 1 pc 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Grapefruits (Med um) pc 23 12 12 9.7 12.6 12.7 13 13 12.7 12.7 14 15.7 Papaya 1 kg 36.7 32.3 31.7 33.7 34.3 36.9 40.3 42.9 41.2 43 46.3 39.6 Beans sus 32 35.1 32.3 33 31.2 32.8 36.8 36.6 34 24.7 24.2 25.3 Potatoes kg 24 22.8 23 24.5 24.3 24.8 32.5 33.5 32.2 25.2 21.8 22.9 Green Pepper kg 45.7 44.3 44.3 44 43.3 48.3 48.9 51.3 44.2 47.3 40.7 40.6

Canned Tomatoes 70gr 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

Beverages & Tobacco Tea 1 kg 70.3 62.8 61.7 63.3 62 64 69.6 74.3 75.8 72.8 75 76.3 448. Cardamom 1 kg 294.7 300 310 318.3 321.7 449.3 453 463.1 500 522.7 539.7 3 Coffee Powder 1 kg 50 42.7 43.5 43.5 44.3 45 44.7 49 53.3 53.3 59.7 59.7 Soft Drinks bottle 16.7 16.7 16.9 17.3 17.3 17.3 17.7 17.7 17.7 17.7 17.7 17.7 Ice 1 kg 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 Juice bottle 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 Cigarettes Pocket 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 Fuels Kerose 1 Ltr 40.7 40.7 41 43.7 43.3 43.5 48 45.3 45.3 45.3 40.2 40.3 ne Charco 50 kg 350 313.3 306.7 321.2 323.3 319 345.7 345 345.7 359 388.7 415.3 al Diesel 1 Ltr 26.7 25.3 25.3 25 25.7 27.7 27.7 25.3 25.4 25.4 27 26.1 Petrol 1 Ltr 23.7 23.3 23.3 23.3 23.3 23.7 24.9 24 23.8 24.3 24.4 34 Source: MOPIC

97 …...

Table 49: Estimated Demand for Electricity: 2002 - 2008 (KW/h) (Millions)

Demand 2010 Projected Sector 2002 6.6 2004 2005 Estimated 2006 2007 2008 Household 2 4.7 .. 2.6 3.2 4.5 11.5 6.6

Commerce al industry 1.5 1.0 .. 1.9 2.2 3.6 5.15 4.7

Public 0.2 12.3 .. 0.3 0.6 1.3 4.52 1.0 Total 3.7 2010 Projected .. 4.8 6.0 9.4 21.17 16.534 Source: MOPIC

Chart 11:

98 …...

Chart 56: Estimated Demand for Electricity: 2002 - 2010 (kw/h) (Millions)

7

6

5

4 3 Estimated 2

1 Demand(kw/h)(Millions) 0 2002 2005 2006 2007 2010 Estimated Projected Year

Household Commerce al industry Public

Table 50: Water Sources by Region in Puntland: 2002 – 2008 No.)

Water Period Bari Nugaal Mudug Sool Sanaag Cayn Karkaar Total Source

2002 400 370 235 30 25 63 1,123

2003 400 370 235 30 25 63 1,123

2004 400 370 235 30 25 63 1,123 Shallow wells 2005 400 370 235 87 50 100 1242

2006 450 420 265 97 60 105 1397

2007 450 930 265 97 28 110 22 1902

2008 250 80 300 99 30 98 40 1917

99 …...

2002 75 35 30 5 4 0 149

2003 75 35 30 5 4 0 149

2004 75 35 30 5 4 0 149 Hand pumps 2005 75 36 35 8 4 0 158

2006 95 45 45 13 8 0 206

2007 90 60 45 13 5 0 0 213

2008 56 78 35 15 4 0 0 188

2002 3,000 1,150 1,300 830 1,450 1,450 9,180

2003 3,300 1,460 1,500 900 1,460 1,600 10,220

2004 3,400 1,550 1,600 1,100 1,500 1,700 10,850 Berkads 2005 1430 1610 1600 1989 1500 1700 9,829

2006 1480 1650 1630 1995 1540 1730 10,025

2007 4420 2500 1650 2145 1720 1820 800 15055

2008 4,491 3,000 1,950 2,211 1,810 1,862 1,250 16,574

2002 12 17 16 7 0 0 52

2003 13 18 17 8 0 1 57

2004 15 18 17 8 11 1 70 Boreholes 2005 0 20 26 8 11 1 66

2006 30 25 30 8 11 1 105

2007 21 27 30 10 13 1 6 108

2008 38 48 35 10 13 1 9 154 Functional 2004 15 14 17 8 8 1 63 Boreholes Non Functional 2004 0 4 0 0 3 0 7 Boreholes Non Functional 2005 0 6 9 4 2 0 21 Boreholes

100 …...

2006 0 6 9 4 2 0 21

Functional 2007 21 20 30 6 6 1 3 91 Boreholes

Functional 2008 28 11 34 6 8 1 8 98 Boreholes

Non Functional 2007 0 7 0 4 3 0 3 17 Boreholes Non Functional 2008 10 37 1 4 7 0 1 60 Boreholes Source: Ministry of Public Works and Transportation

Chart57: puntland water sources in counting 2002-2008

101 …...

Table 51: Small Industries in Puntland: 2002 – 2008 (No.) Type 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Pasta 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 Canned Fish 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 Candy 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 Detergent Powder 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 Soap Tannery 3 3 4 4 4 5 4 Beverage 5 5 6 6 6 6 5 Bottled water 11 12 12 12 20 21 30 Ice 25 25 26 30 35 38 51 Milk 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 Tiles 0 0 1 2 2 2 3 Sponge 1 1 2 2 2 2 5 Bread 10 15 18 30 30 33 110 Small Lunches 0 0 0 1 1 1 4 Sesame oil Factories 1 1 2 3 6 10 15 Carpenters 10 10 20 30 35 35 40 Factory Sheets N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 4 6 Source: Ministry of Commerce

Chart 58: Small Industries in Puntland: 2002 - 2008 (No.)

102 …...

103 …...

13. TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION

Communication is one sector which has witnessed remarkable development in Puntland State of Somalia within the last decade. It is mainly private sector driven. It is common to find companies using modern telephone, fax, email and internet facilities conducting profitable business. Broadcasting radio stations have been established in the towns of Bossaso, Garowe and Galkacyo. A high frequency radio transmission system is also in place in all towns and in a number of villages.

Table 52: Telephone Charges per Minute: 2000 - 2008 (So.Sh)

Local Calls International Calls Galcom Year Telcom Golis Telcom Galcom Company Golis Company Company Company Company Company(STG) (STG) 1998 3,000 12,000

1999 3,000 12,000

2000 7,000 15,000

2001 7,000 18,000

2002 4,000 5,000 20,000 20,000

2003 3,000 2,000 20,000 20,000

2004 2,500 2,500 15,000 15,000

2005 4,500 2,500 17,000 17,000

2006 4,500 2,000 8,000 8,000

2007 2,000 2,000 10,000 10,000 2008 N/A 3,500 3,500 9,000 N/A 9,000 Source: Telecommunication companies

104 …...

Chart 59: Telephone Charges per Minute: 1998 - 2007 (So Sh)

Table 53: Arrival of Ships and Dhows in Bossaso: 2000 – 2010 (No)

Peri Ships Dhows od 200 2006 2007 2008 2010 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 9 92 75 62 Jan 9 6 8 8 6 79 112 58 65 71 62 Feb 9 8 14 10 5 49 71 51 93 77 86 Mar 5 6 7 5 5 64 85 54 73 58 72 Apr 9 8 11 6 10 60 65 64 70 75 84 May 10 12 6 4 6 52 73 64 59 59 84 Jun 9 3 13 6 4 49 44 50 53 43 43 Jul 10 10 8 6 9 39 42 66

105 …...

50 56 54 Aug 13 13 12 8 7 34 52 61 83 66 79 Sept 8 8 5 7 10 72 67 99 62 86 70 Oct 7 7 6 4 9 79 88 103 130 113 75 Nov 6 6 10 13 10 77 73 141 80 75 90 Dec 13 13 5 3 14 47 90 115 Tota 10 910 854 861 92 105 80 95 701 804 926 l 3 Source: Bossaso Ports Authority

Chart 60: Arrival of Ships and Dhows in Bossaso: 2000 - 2008(No)-Annual total

Table 54: Registered Public and Private Vehicles: 1998 - 2008 (No.)

Year Private G.D1 Police UN Red plate** 1998 ...... 1999 370 5 18 .. .. 2000 2,571 8 0 .. .. 106 …...

2001 4,039 6 34 .. .. 2002 5,048 5 36 .. .. 2003 1,981 5 0 3 6 2004 2,009 10 6 2 13 2005 1,120 16 12 0 12 2006 1,867 59 25 14 10 2007 2,206 49 35 16 13 2008 3,480 100 30 20 15 Totals 24,691 263 196 55 69 Source: Ministry of Public Works, Transportation and Civil Aviation Chart 61: Public and private registration vehicles (1998-2008)

107 …...

Table 55: Import of Fuel: 2000 - 2010 (Ltr) (Millions)

Type of Fuel 2000 2001 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Diesel 20.2 18.1 21.3 28.9 26.6 49 40.32 25.08 22.03 19.46 Petrol 8.4 9.9 11.6 7.3 5.8 42 28.50 19.89 4.05 5.31 Kerosene 2.6 3.7 3.2 0 0 5 5.34 0.84 0 0 Total 31.2 31.7 36.1 36.2 32.4 96 74.16 45.81 26.08 24.77 Source: NESHA

Chart 62: Import of fuel 2001-2008 (LTR) millions

108 …...

14. EDUCATION

The collapse of the education system in Somalia following the outbreak of has negatively impacted the society and will continue to constrain development of regional states like Puntland for many years to come. However, the situation improved after the establishment of Puntland State of Somalia in 1998 and formation of the Ministry of Education. The structure of education system which existed in Somalia before the civil was: 4 years of lower primary, 4 years of upper primary, 4 years of secondary school and 4 years of university education. The same system is currently implemented in Puntland. The most generous estimates suggest that only between 14 – 17 % of all school age children are enrolled in school, mostly in the early grades.

Table 56: Primary Education- Distribution of Schools, Classes and Teachers: 2002 - 2010 (No.)

No. of No. of Region No. of Boys No. of Girls Total Teachers schools classes

2001-2002

Bari 129 631 13,909 7,371 21,280 864

Mudug 22 138 3,136 1,737 4,873 147

Nugaal 27 148 3,042 1,835 4,877 148

Sool 34 197 4,415 2,856 7,271 192

Sanaag 33 208 4,528 2,291 6,819 193

Total 245 1,332 29,030 16,090 45,120 1,544

2002-2003

Bari 136 681 14,021 8,370 22,391 861

Mudug 36 264 4,975 3,597 8,571 240

Nugaal 32 191 3,685 2,515 6,200 91

Sool 44 225 4,952 3,086 8,038 225

Sanaag 38 234 5,058 2,804 7,806 221

109 …...

Cayn 10 61 1,158 543 1,701 64

Total 296 1,656 33,849 20,915 54,707 1,702

2003-2004

Bari 132 747 13,576 8,075 21,651 850

Mudug 38 247 5,636 3,379 9,015 237

Nugaal 32 190 4,208 2,773 6,981 193

Sool 47 258 5,697 3,840 9,537 850

Sanaag 40 255 5,327 2,850 8,177 245

Cayn 10 258 1,367 585 1,942 238

Total 299 1,955 35,811 21,502 57,303 2,613

2004-2005

Bari 144 936 17,422 11,866 29,288 1,034

Mudug 44 248 4,977 3,473 8,450 286

Nugaal 48 269 5,204 4,073 9,277 303

Sool 40 212 5,866 3,416 9,282 201

Sanaag 59 319 6,437 3,793 10,230 287

Cayn 10 258 1,367 585 1,942 238

Total 335 1,984 39,906 26,612 66,527 2,111

2005/2006

Bari 97 842 17,423 10,590 28,013 909

Mudug 46 299 11,507 7,648 19,155 315

Nugal 60 387 7,343 5,827 13,540 419

Sool 45 257 6,606 3,710 10,316 248

Sanaag 63 180 3,695 2,165 5,860 177

Cayn 15 51 2,188 1,094 3,280 192

Karkaar 51 251 4,015 2,117 6,267 226

110 …...

Total 377 2267 52,777 33,151 86,431 2486

2006/2007

Bari 168 1,344 15,040 9759 24,799 1,105

Mudug 62 349 6,981 4,892 11,773 360

Nugal 69 362 7,676 6,829 14,505 456

Sool 58 329 8,874 4,604 13,478 317

Sanaag 51 240 4,947 2,180 7,127 259

Cayn 34 185 5,230 2,345 7,575 237

Karkaar 67 240 5,388 4,125 9503 343

Total 509 3049 54,136 34,734 88,760 3,077 No. of No. of No. of 2007/2008 No. of Girls Total Teachers schools classes Boys Bari 145 986 24,121 11,640 35,761 1140

Mudug 64 314 15,694 7,896 23,590 421

Nugal 71 426 10,600 7,000 17,600 414

Sool 62 359 8,632 4,841 13,473 345

Sanaag 63 184 3,590 2,169 5,689 180

Cayn 25 64 3,296 1,946 5,243 264

Karkaar 61 324 6,451 3,146 9,597 354

Total 491 2657 72,384 38,638 110,953 3118

No of No of No. of 2008/2009 No. of Girls Total Teachers schools classes Boys

111 …...

No of No of No. of No. 2009/2010 Total Teachers schools classes Boys of Girls Bari 117 986 19,784 13,145 32,929 1,173

Nugal 77 426 12,552 8,291 20,843 742

Karkar 74 324 8,467 5,443 13,908 502

Mudug 62 314 11,598 8,229 19,827 712

Sool 34 359 5,986 3,315 9,301 316

Sanag 41 184 4,037 2,477 7,055 234

Cayn 21 64 3,717 2,477 6,194 211

TOTAL 426 2657 66,141 43,916 110,057 3890 Source: Ministry of Education

112 …...

113 …...

114 …...

Table 57: Secondary Education- Enrolment by Gender 2003 – 2010 (No.)

No. of Region Percentage Male Female Total Percentage schools

2002-2003

Bari 6 50.0 1,220 308 1,528 53.3

Nugaal 2 16.7 370 126 496 17.3

Mudug 2 16.7 541 96 637 22.2

Sool 1 8.3 111 3 114 4.0

Cayn 1 8.3 91 2 93 3.2

Total 12 100 2,333 535 2,868 100

2003-2004

Bar 6 42.9 740 310 1,050 28.2

Nugaal 3 21.4 589 298 887 23.9 115 …...

Mudug 2 14.3 556 323 879 23.6

Sanaag 1 7.1 47 9 56 1.5

Sool 1 7.1 513 181 694 18.7

Cayn 1 7.1 86 65 151 4.1

Total 14 100 2,531 1,186 3,717 100

2004-2005

Bari 6 28.6 1,537 692 2,229 40.2

Nugaal 3 14.3 610 396 1,006 18.2

Mudug 3 14.3 791 198 989 17.9

Sool 3 14.3 351 109 460 8.3

Cayn 1 4.8 117 25 142 2.6

Total 16 76.3 3,406 1420 4,826 87.2

2005-2006

Bari 7 30 1,900 713 2,613 41

Karkaar 3 13 395 199 594 9

Nugaal 4 17 788 352 1,140 18

Mudug 5 22 963 235 1,198 19

Sool 2 9 432 140 572 9

Cayn 1 4 80 65 145 2

Sanaag 1 4 98 32 130 2

Total 23 99 4,656 1736 6,392 100

2006-2007

Bari 6 73 2,903 807 3,710 93

Karkaar 4 25 529 427 956 138

Nugaal 5 31 924 448 1,372 55

Mudug 1 13 924 234 1,158 49

Sool 3 16 590 370 960 36 116 …...

Cayn 3 11 244 191 435 21

Sanaag 3 12 137 113 250 22

Total 33 181 6,251 2590 8,841 414 No. of 2007-2008 Percentage Male Female Total Percentage schools Bari 12 31% 2,308 882 3,190 39.24% Karkaar 4 11% 558 225 783 9.63% Nugaal 5 13.1% 978 530 1,508 18.55% Mudug 8 21.1% 1,614 500 2114 26.01% Sool 2 5.3% 22 16 38 0.47% Cayn 2 5.3% 167 36 203 2.5% Sanaag 5 13.2% 176 117 293 3.6% Total 38 100.00% 5,823 2,306 8,129 100%

No. of 2008-2009 Percentage Male Female Total Percentage schools Bari 12 33.3% 2359 894 3253 42.3% Karkaar 4 11.1% 558 225 783 10.17% Nugaal 5 13.8% 906 299 1205 15.65% Mudug 8 22.3% 1605 510 2115 27.5% Sool 2 5.5% 22 16 38 3.9%

Cayn

Sanaag 5 13.8% 186 118 304 0.49%

Total 36 100.% 5,636 2,062 7,698 100% No. of 2009-2010 Percentage Male Female Total Percentage schools Bari 12 28.% 2,578 949 3,527 37% Karkaar 3 7.1% 546 204 750 8% Nugaal 8 19% 1225 706 1,931 20.5%

117 …...

Mudug 8 19% 1834 586 2,420 25.7%

Sool 3 7.1% 101 31 132 1.4%

Cayn 2 4.8% 161 42 203 2.1%

Sanaag 6 14.3% 283 177 460 4.9%

Total 42 100% 6.728 2,695 9,423 100% No. of 2010/2011 Percentage Male Female Total Percentage schools Bari 13 27% 2,709 1,082 3,791 36.5%

Karkaar 5 10.4% 703 284 987 9.5%

Nugaal 9 18.7% 1,821 682 1,963 18.9% Mudug 10 20.8% 1,969 669 2,638 25.4%

Sool 3 6.2% 119 37 156 1.4%

Cayn 2 4.2% 197 60 257 2.4%

Sanaag 6 12.5% 405 184 589 5.6%

Total 48 100% 7,383 2,998 10,381 100%

Source: Ministry of Education Puntland

118 …...

119 …...

120 …...

121 …...

Chart 12:

122 …...

123 …...

Table 58: Puntland State University (PSU): 2006

Year-2006 PSU- Enrolment M F Total Business Administration. 63 22 85 Public Administration 71 20 91 Pre-University 11 12 23 Diploma Program 55 22 77 124 …...

Promoting Employment Through Training 34 16 50

Online Distant Learning 19 3 22 Cross Roads Coffee 12 3 15 Business English 8 2 10 Grand Total 273 100 373

Chart 68: Puntland State University (PSU) enrolment by gender: 2006

80 70 60 50 40 30

No.of No.of students 20 10 0 Diploma English Program Business Coffee Through Public Promoting Learning Business Employment Cross Roads Online Distant Online Pre-University Administration. Administration Faculty

Male Female

Chart 69: Puntland State University (PSU) proportion of enrolment by faculty: 2006 125 …...

Cross Roads Business English Coffee 3% 4% Online Distant Business Learning Administration. 6% 23%

Promoting Employment Through Training 13%

Public Administration Diploma 24% Program 21% Pre-University 6%

Table 59: Puntland State University (PSU):2008

Year-2007 2008 PSU- Enrolment M F Total M F Total Business Administration. 53 30 83 6 32 38 Public Administration 43 10 53 - - - Pre-University Nil Nil Nil - - - Diploma Program 58 18 76 30 23 53 Promoting Employment Through Training 70 48 118 - - - Online Distant Learning 5 45 50 - - - Cross Roads Coffee 8 4 12 - - - Business English 8 2 10 31 17 48 Grand Total 245 157 402 67 72 139 Source: PSU- Administration.

126 …...

Table 59: Puntland State University (PSU):2009-2010

2009 2010 PSU- Enrolment M F Total M F Total Business Administration. 23 7 30 25 13 38 English Courses(Online) 68 85 153 Bachelor of Economic 42 4 46 Bachelor of low 71 24 95 33 9 42 Journalism 4 13 17 Diploma in journalism 4 12 16 Low training(Puntland Judges) 24 0 24 Service training for statistics 18 7 25 GRAND TOTAL 254 152 406 ACCA 12 2 14 Post Graduate Dip 14 1 15 Development Studies 69 23 92 Professional Skills 78 38 116 Entrepreneurship 42 26 68 Hotel Management 2 20 22 ICT 5 25 30 Bachelor of Public 14 4 28 GRAND TOTAL 294 161 455 Source: PSU- Administration

Chart 70: Puntland State University (PSU) student’s population by gender: 2007

127 …...

80 70 60 50 40 30 No.of No.of students 20 10 0 Diploma English Program Business Coffee Through Public Promoting Learning Business Employment Cross Roads Online Distant Online Pre-University Administration. Administration Faculty

Male Female

128 …...

Chart 72:Puntland State University (PSU) student’s distribution by faculty: 2007

129 …...

Cross Roads Business Coffee English 3% 2% Online Distant Business Learning Administration. 12% 21%

Public Administration 13% Promoting Employment Through Training Diploma 30% Program 19%

130 …...

Table 60: Garowe Teachers Education College: 2005-2007

Year 2005 Year 2006 Year 2007

GTEC Trainees M F M F M F Total Pre-service Enrollment 24 48 22 23 46 50 213 In-Service Rural Teachers 109 171 - - 269 87 636 In-service Urban Teachers - - 57 243 242 58 600 ICT trainees - - 6 26 Nil Nil 32 Total GTEC Trainees 133 219 85 292 557 195 1481

Table 61: GTEC Enrolment 2008-2010 Course M F Total Secondary Pre-service Training 0 0 0 Primary Pre-service Training 14 62 76 2008 Foundation 0 0 0 In-service Training (ICT) 23 7 30 Total 39 69 106 2009 Secondary Teacher Training 1 12 0 12 Secondary Teacher Training2 17 1 18 Primary Teacher Training 3 13 8 21 Primary Teacher Training 4 8 5 13 Total 50 15 62 Secondary Teacher Training 13 2 15 Primary Teacher Training 31 15 46 2010 PTT In-Service(Urban) 40 10 50 Foundation 0 50 50 PTT In-Service(Rural) 133 17 150 Total 217 94 311 Source: Administration

131 …...

Chart 73: Garowe Teachers Education College-enrolment by gender: 2005-2007

250

200

150

100 No.of students 50

0 Male Female Male Female Male Female

Year 2005 Year 2006 Year 2007 Year/Gender

Pre-service Enrolment In-Service Rural Teachers In-service Urban Teachers ICT trainees

132 …...

Chart 74 :Garowe Teachers Education College-distribution of student population by department: 2005-2007

133 …...

ICT trainees 2% Pre-service Enrolment 14%

In-service Urban Teachers 41%

In-Service Rural Teachers 43%

134 …...

Table 62: East Africa University Bossaso 2006-2007

East Africa University Year : 2006 Year : 2007

Faculty M F M F Total Education, Regular Students 35 7 20 06 68 In-service Teachers Trainees 138 32 138 32 340 Business Administration 224 34 _ _ 258 Computer Science 46 7 45 25 123 Shari’ a and Islamic Studies 72 48 120 Capacity Building for Somali financial planners 29 6 29 06 70 135 …...

Journalism Degree 9 1 21 03 34 English Certificate Course 16 2 77 25 120 IT master Certificate 6 2 _ _ 8 Shari’ a Institute 67 30 94 106 297 BCs _ _ 44 14 58 BBA _ _ 218 42 260 Ibnu Hajar Institute _ _ 162 109 271 Strengthen Capacity of Teacher Training _ _ 385 15 400 IT Certificate _ _ 06 02 8 CISCO Networking _ _ 45 11 56 Grand Total 642 169 1284 396 2491 Source: Public Relations Office (EAU)

Chart75: East Africa University Bossaso enrolment by gender: 2006-2007

1400

1200

1000

800

600

No.of students 400

200

0 Male 2006 Male 2007 Female 2006 Female 2007 Year/Gender

Educ, Regular Stud In-service Teach. Trainees Bus.Admin. Computer Sc. Shari’a&Islamic Studies Capacity Build. Som. Fin.planners Journalism English Cert. Msc. IT Shari’a Institute BCs BBA Ibnu Hajar Inst. Streng Cap. of Teac. Training IT Certificate CISCO Netw orking

Chart 76: East Africa University Bossaso student distribution by faculty: 2007

136 …...

CISCO Networking 2% Educ, Regular IT Certificate Stud 0% 3%

In-service Teach. Streng Cap. of Trainees Teac. Training 14% 17%

Bus.Admin. Ibnu Hajar Inst. 10% 11% Computer Sc. 5% Shari’a&Islamic BBA Studies 10% 5%

Capacity Build. BCs Som. Fin.planners 2% Journalism 1% 3% Shari’a Institute 12% Msc. IT English Cert. 0% 5%

137 …...

Table 63: East Africa University- Enrolment by Gender: 2000 – 2008 (No.)

Business Sharia and Medicine Teachers Computer Year Administration (4 Islamic studies Education (4 yrs) Lecturer Science (4 yrs) yrs) (5 yrs) Femal Mal Femal Tot Mal Femal Tot Mal Femal Tot Mal Femal Mal Femal Male Total e e e al e e al e e al e e e e 0 0 0 0 2000 95 6 101 95 0 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2001 25 1 26 33 4 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2002 16 0 16 ...... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2003 26 8 34 30 9 39 28 5 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2004 180 22 202 80 26 106 22 5 27 13 4 17 0 0 0 0 2005 200 25 225 69 40 109 14 6 20 37 12 49 0 0 0 0 2006 224 34 258 139 78 217 46 7 53 35 7 42 0 0 0 0 2007 224 34 258 72 48 120 46 7 53 35 7 42 10 19 10 14 17 17 20 47 0 2008 184 42 226 93 87 20 33 4 7 7 6 9 Tot 117 134 49 78 24 29 26 32 17 20 47 0 172 294 50 63 al 4 6 4 8 3 3 6 9 Source: East Africa University

Chart 77: East Africa University- Total Enrolment: 2000 – 2008 (No.)

138 …...

139 …...

Chart 78 : East Africa University- Faculty Enrolment by Gender: (No.)

Chart79 : East Africa University- Faculty Enrolment proportion

140 …...

Education (4 yrs) Computer 9% Science(4 yrs) 11%

Business Administration (4 yrs) 55% Sharia and Islamic studies (5 yrs) 25%

Table 64: Bossaso Vocational Institutions- Students Enrolled: 2005-2008 (No)

2008 Academi College 2005 2006 2007 c Year Mal Femal Tota Mal Femal Tota Mal Femal Tota Mal Femal Tota e e l e e l e e l e e l PIDAM 381 124 505 (Puntland Institute for Administrati 2 years 136 27 163 180 85 265 427 152 579 on & Managemen t) PCC (Puntland Formulated to Puntland State community 2 years 140 60 200 273 100 373 college- University (PSU) Garowe) Star 2 years 65 20 85 105 31 136 Closed this Institution Academy

141 …...

GTEC 37 69 106 (Garowe Technical 2 years 48 24 72 218 511 729 557 195 752 Training for Teachers College) Stanbul 1years N/A N/A N/A Technical and 3 0 60 60 Institute months Source: Administration Office

Chart 13: Bossaso Vocational Institutions- Total Students Enrolled: 2005-2007 (No)

1800

1600

1400 1200

1000

800

600

Total no.of students no.of Total 400

200

0 PIDAM PCC Star Academy GTEC Stanbul Technical Institute College

2005 2006 2007

142 …...

Chart 81: Bossaso Vocational Institutions- Students Enrolled by Gender: 2005-2008

143 …...

15. HEALTH

The resources available to the Ministry of Health currently are limited. Its role is primarily to coordinate the activities of the international agencies and international and local NGOs who provide support to the health sector. The goal of the Ministry of Health is to improve the health of the population of Puntland through increased access to health services. In order to improve health services in urban areas that have higher population densities, the international and local NGOs have constructed MCHs and health posts. CHWs and TBAs have also been trained on basic health services. The main causes of morbidity and mortality in Puntland are acute infectious diseases, chronic communicable diseases, adverse behaviours and unhealthy traditional practices. The most common infectious diseases that contribute to the morbidity and mortality, probably accounting for more than half the deaths for children under five years in Somalia include: - Malaria, ARI (pneumonia) and diarrhoea. Tetanus (especially neonatal) and TB are also among the contributors of mortality in children and mothers of child bearing age. HIV/AIDS prevalence, which is estimated at 1%, is not a major cause of morbidity and mortality at the moment. However going by the trend in neighbouring countries, this situation might change in future in the absence of preventive measures. Outbreaks of measles, cholera, dysentery and meningitis pose a major threat to the public health both in morbidity and mortality.

Table 65: Availability of Health Personnel: 2005 (No.)

Description Bari Nugaal Sool Sanaag Mudug Cayn Total

Doctor 28 7 7 0 19 1 62

Pharmacist 3 3 4 2 1 0 13

Post bas nurse* 1 0 1 0 0 0 2

Midwives 18 2 2 3 3 5 33

Nurses 25 42 35 16 17 5 140

Lab. Tech. 6 1 3 4 5 1 20

Asst. lab. Tech. 28 18 10 3 21 1 81

Sanitation 14 1 10 0 1 0 26

CHWs 72 120 19 20 60 4 295

TBAs 72 119 19 20 44 4 278 144 …...

Total 267 313 110 68 171 21 950 Source: Ministry of Health * Post bas nurse is a qualified graduate nurse from college with additional training

Chart 14:

145 …...

Chart 82: Availability of Health Personnel: 2005 (No.)

350 300 250 200 150 100 50 No.of Health Personnel Health No.of 0 Bari Nugaal Sool Sanaag Mudug Cayn Region

Doctors Pharmacists Post bas nurses* Midwives Nurses Lab. Tech. Asst. lab. Tech. Sanitationists CHWs TBAs

Table 66: Availability of Health Personnel: 2007

Description Bari Nugaal Sool Sanaag Mudug Cayn Karkaar Total

Doctor 28 8 7 3 10 5 3 36

Pharmacist 3 5 4 9 4 0 2 24

Post bas nurse* 1 4 1 3 2 2 8 20

Midwives 18 5 2 18 6 13 1 45

Nurses 25 45 35 48 76 8 6 218

Lab. Tech. 6 3 3 4 4 2 3 19

Asst. lab. Tech. 28 3 10 4 4 2 0 23

Sanitation 14 13 10 8 2 4 4 41 146 …...

CHWs 72 125 19 17 70 5 2 238

TBAs 72 12 19 14 1 5 1 52

Total 267 215 110 128 179 46 30 708 Source: Ministry of Health *Post bas nurse is a qualified graduate nurse from college with additional training

HUMAN RESOURCE FOR HEALTH IN PUNTLAND MEDICAL AND ALLIED SCIENCE

Number of Staff Type and Location QTY Description TOTAL Public Private Bosaso Nursing Schools 1

Medical Doctors 37 48 85 Qualified Nurses 180 93 273 Garowe Nursing Schools 1 Qualified Midwifes 32 12 44 Pharmaciests 16 5 21 Lascanod Nursing Schools 1 Auxiliaries Nurses 210 125 335 Health Technicians (Lab/X- Ray) 107 38 145 Galkaio Nursing Schools 1

TBAs 450 30 480 Galkaio Focult of Medicine 1 Other Supporting Staff 412 0 412

TOTAL 1,444 351 1,795 TOTAL 5

Source Ministry of Health Puntland Government of Somalia 2008 and 2009 147 …...

Chart 83: Availability of Health Personnel: 2007

300

250

200

150

100

No.of health personnel health No.of 50

0 Bari Nugaal Sool Sanaag Mudug Cayn Karkaar Region Doctors Pharmacists Post bas nurses* Midwives Nurses Lab. Tech. Asst. lab. Tech. Sanitation CHWs TBAs

Table 68: Availability of Health Personnel: 2006 (No)

Number of staff Description TOTAL Public Private Doctors 31 42 73 Qualified Nurses 167 208 375 Qualified Midwives 29 18 47

148 …...

Pharmacist 14 3 17

Auxiliaries /Assistant Nurse 196 140 336

Health Technicians 75 NA 75

TBAs 447 NA 447

Other supporting Staff 436 NA 436

TOTAL 1,395 411 1,806 Doctor Population ratio is 1 to 35,000 Total Number of Health Staff 521 Included in Government Payroll.

Table 69: Availability of Health facilities by region: 2008 (No)

HEALTH FACILITIES IN PUNTLAND

Regions

T O T A Health Facilities L Bari Karkaar Sanaag Nugaal Sool Cayn Mudug

Regional Hospitals 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 District Hospitals 2 1 0 3 0 1 2 9 Methal Health Centres 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 3 Health Centres 1 4 0 1 0 0 1 7 VCT Centres 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 4 ART Sites 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 TB Centres 1 2 0 2 1 1 1 8 5 MCH/OPD 8 7 8 11 8 4 9 5

149 …...

1 9 Health Posts 55 43 15 19 38 12 12 4 2 8 TOTAL 71 58 24 39 49 19 28 8

Source Ministry of Health Puntland Government of Somalia

HUMAN RESOURCE FOR HEALTH IN PUNTLAND 2008

Number of Staff

Description TOTAL Public Private

Medical Doctors 37 48 85

Qualified Nurses 180 93 273

Qualified Midwifes 32 12 44

150 …...

Pharmaciests 16 5 21

Auxiliaries Nurses 210 125 335

Health Technicians (Lab/X-Ray) 107 38 145

TBAs 450 30 480

Other Supporting Staff 412 0 412

TOTAL 1,444 351 1,795

Source Ministry of Health Puntland Government of Somalia 2008 and 2009

PUNTLAND HEALTH FACILITIES AND STAFF

The numbers below are the most recent estimates:2010

Health staff Puntland Public Private Total Doctors 35 42 77 Qualified nurse 320 200 520 Qualified midwives 57 30 87 Auxiliaries/technician 360 290 650 TBAs 500 - 500 Total 1272 562 1834

151 …...

152 …...

chart88:Availability of Health Personnel: 2006 (No)

153 …...

500

450

400

350

300

250

200

No.of PersonnelNo.of 150

100

50

0 Doctors Qual. Qual. Pharmacist Aux/Asst. Health TBAs supporting Nurses Midwives Nurse Tech. Staff

Personnel

Public Private

Chart 89:Availability of Health Personnel – total number of staff: 2006 (No)

154 …...

500

450

400

350

300

250

200

Total no.of staff no.of Total 150

100

50 0 Doctors Qual. Qual. Pharmacist Aux/Asst. Health TBAs supporting Nurses Midwives Nurse Tech. Staff

Table 69: Availability of Health facilities by region: 2010 (No)

HEALTH FACILITIES IN PUNTLAND

Regions

Health Facilities TOTAL Bari Karkaar Sanaag Nugaal Sool Cayn Mudug

Regional Hospitals 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 6 District Hospitals 2 1 0 3 0 1 2 9 Methal Health Centres 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 4 Health Centres 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 3 VCT Centres 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 6 155 …...

ART Sites 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 TB Centres 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7

MCH/OPD 8 7 8 13 8 3 8 55

Health Posts 55 43 18 17 38 12 9 192

TOTAL 71 57 29 38 48 17 24 284

Puntland health staff by region 2010

Puntland Bari Nugal Mudug Karkar Sool Ayn Sanag Total Doctors 30 13 21 4 7 1 1 77 Midwives 24 15 19 11 8 4 6 87 Nurses 147 95 115 48 44 35 36 520 TBAs 120 80 100 60 50 40 50 500

156 …...

Table 70: Availability of Health Facilities: 2002 - 2008 (No.)

Region/District Hospital Beds MCH Health Post

2002 Nugaal/Garowe 3 99 1 10

Mudug/Galkacyo 5 156 10 5

Bar /Bossaso 5 200 2 6

Sool/Las Anod 3 100 3 4 Total 16 555 16 25 2003 Nugaal/Garowe 3 99 1 10

Mudug/Galkacyo 5 156 10 5

Bar /Bossaso 5 200 2 6

Sool/Las Anod 3 100 16 25 Total 16 555 29 46 2004 Nugaal/Garowe 3 99 2 10

Mudug/Galkacyo 6 200 12 14

Bar /Bossaso 5 210 2 9

Sool/Las Anod 3 120 16 25

Cayn/Buhodle 1 22 3 10 Total 17 629 32 58 2005 Nugal/Garowe 3 99 5 10

Mudug/Galkacyo 6 200 12 14

Bar /Bossaso 5 210 7 9

Sool/Las Anod 3 120 16 25

Cayn/Buhodle 1 22 3 10 Total 17 629 40 58 157 …...

2006 Nugal/Garowe 8 99 11 16

Mudug/Galkacyo 6 220 8 9

Bari/Bossaso 6 240 8 54

Sool/Las-anod 2 120 8 33

Cayn/Buhodle 22 3 11 1 Karkar/Qardo 4 25 7 40

Sanaag 2 20 8 18 Total 29 745 53 181 2007 Nugal/Garowe 5 135 12 15 Mudug/Galkcyo 2 156 10 7 Bari/Bossaso 6 240 8 54 Sool/Las-anod 2 120 11 34 Cayn/Buhodle 2 112 3 17 Karkar/Qardo 1 90 7 17 Sanaag 2 69 8 24 Total 20 922 59 168 2008 Hospital Beds MCH Health Post Nugal/Garowe 5 140 12 15 Mudug/Galkcyo 6 220 11 9 Bari/Bossaso 6 240 12 54 Sool/Las-anod 2 220 8 33 Cayn/Buhodle 2 122 3 18 Karkar/Qardo 2 89 7 40 Sanaag 2 60 8 18 Total 25 1,091 61 187 Source: Ministry of Health

Chart90:Availability of Health Facilities: 2002 - 2008 (No.) 158 …...

159 …...

Chart91:Availability of Health Facilities-total no. of facilities per region: 2002 - 2008 (No.)

Chart92:Availability of Health Facilities- regional trends: 2002 - 2008 (No.)

160 …...

Table 71: Immunization of Children under 5 years: 2003 - 2005

2003 2004 2005 Vaccine Target Vaccinated Vaccinated Target Vaccinated Vaccinated Target Vaccinated Vaccinated Percentage Percentage Percentage BCG 38,208 9,577 25 38,208 7,291 19 38,208 12,831 34

DPT 1 38,208 8,934 23 38,208 6,842 18 38,208 13,152 34

DPT 3 38,208 4,540 12 38,208 4,033 11 38,208 10,661 28

MEASLES 38,208 6,114 16 38,208 3,964 10 38,208 8,696 23

TT2+ 38,208 10,175 27 38,208 6,498 17 38,208 17,684 46 Source: UNICEF

Chart 93: Immunization of Children under 5 years: 2003 - 2005

161 …...

50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 Per% VaccinatedPer% 10 5 0 BCG DPT 1 DPT 3 MEASLES TT2+ Vaccine

2003 2004 2005

162 …...

Chart 94: Immunization of Children under 5 years (No) Vaccinated: 2003 - 2005

45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 No. vaccinated No. 10,000 5,000 0 BCG DPT 1 DPT 3 MEASLES TT2+ Vaccine

2003 2004 2005 Target

Chart 95: Immunization of Children under 5 years-trends: 2003 - 2005

163 …...

20,000 18,000 16,000

14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000

No. VaccinatedNo. 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 2003 2004 2005 Year

BCG DPT 1 DPT 3 MEASLES TT2+

Table 72: Distribution of Mothers by Place of Delivery: 2004 (Percentage)

Place of delivery Urban Hospital 16 Private Midwife Clinics 11.7 Home 72.3 Total 100 Source: PDRC .. Data Not Available

Table 73: Distribution of Mothers by Place of Delivery: 2008 (Percentage)

Place of delivery Urban Hospital 16.1 Private Midwife Clinics 12.0 Home 72.0 Total 100.1 164 …...

Source: Ministry of Health

Chart 96: Distribution of Mothers by Place of Delivery: 2004 (Percentage)

Hospital 16%

Private Midwife Clinics 12% Home 72%

Table 74: Distribution of Urban Population by Usage of Health Facilities: 2004(Percentage)

Health Facility Percentage of users Private clinics 5.9 Hospitals 3.4 Over the counter drugs 1.6 MCH/HP 0.8 OPD 0.6 Total 12.3 Source: PDRC

Table 75: Distribution of Urban Population by Usage of Health Facilities: 2008(Percentage)

Health Facility Percentage of users Private clinics 6 Hospitals 3.5

165 …...

Over the counter drugs 1.6 MCH/HP 0.9 OPD 0.6 Total 12..6 Source: Ministry of Health

166 …...

Chart 97: Distribution of Urban Population by Usage of Health Facilities: 2004(Percentage)

7

6

5

4

facility 3

2

1 Per% of Urbanusing population of Per% 0 Private clinics Hospitals Over the MCH/HP OPD counter drugs Health Facility

167 …...

Table 76: Health Indicators: 2004

Health Profile Indicator Crude death rate per 1,000 population 18 Infant mortality rate per 1,000 live birth 135 Maternal mortality rate per 100,000 live birth 1600 Mortality rate under 5 per 1,000 live birth 225 Life expectancy at birth 47% Antenatal care attendance 47% Children with less than 2.5kg 9% women delivered at health facility 10% women delivered at home 90% women assisted TBA 80% women assisted by qualified health provider 10% Percentage of Children < 5 years had diarrhoea two weeks pr or the 23 survey Percentage of women aware of any family planning and methods 38

168 …...

Percentage of women aware of modern family planning and methods 10 Percentage of women aware of HIV/AIDS as STDs 57 Percentage of women aware of syphilis as STDs 5 Population with access to safe drinking water 23 Source: Ministry of Health

Table 77: Health Indicators: 2008

Health Profile Indicator Crude death rate per 1,000 population 16 Infant mortality rate per 1,000 live birth 128 Maternal mortality rate per 100,000 live birth 1,550 Mortality rate under 5 per 1,000 live birth 205 Life expectancy at birth 47 Antenatal care attendance 50 Children with less than 2.5kg 10 women delivered at health facility 12 women delivered at home 88 women assisted TBA 80 women assisted by qualified health provider 10 Percentage of Children < 5 years had diarrhoea two weeks pr or the 21 survey Percentage of women aware of any family planning and methods 37 Percentage of women aware of modern family planning and methods 10 Percentage of women aware of HIV/AIDS as STDs 58 Percentage of women aware of syphilis as STDs 5 Population with access to safe drinking water 23 Source: Ministry of Health

Table 78: Summary of Hospital Activities for Puntland - Most Common/Severe Morbidities, Most common OPD, Type of Admin, Mortality Cases by Cause-2005-2006

Summary of Hospital Activities for Puntland Garowe Bossaso Galkacyo Qardho Lasanod Activity 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 Total Admissions 1523 1548 1552 1682 2254 3662 4193 565 362 353 17694 Discharges 1185 1162 1527 1655 1839 3900 1766 519 0 208 13761 OPD 2027 3670 21487 22524 14664 8992 4772 4885 3805 5065 91891 Deliveries 273 209 835 845 394 318 219 84 18 11 3206 Deaths 39 39 28 30 30 29 53 4 12 21 285 169 …...

Operations 170 127 348 545 130 83 0 0 113 37 1553 Dressing 4090 2074 5330 4683 1632 716 537 608 319 209 20198 X-ray 543 680 1496 1460 0 31 0 425 140 377 5152 Laboratory 3429 5236 3535 1618 3336 1131 1184 2977 6047 5745 34238 Others 0 0 8345 11773 810 530 211 2940 0 2095 26704 Total 8544 14745 19917 46815 6332 19392 2204 13007 6649 14121 151726 The Most Common/Severe Morbidities Garowe Bossaso Galkacyo Qardho Lasanod Diseases 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 Total Wounds/Trau/Fra 294 519 4621 4481 2067 1551 1036 0 230 7 14806 Malaria 230 122 0 1 554 106 177 79 1475 4 2748 Measles 83 20 50 36 28 115 198 32 0 0 562 ARI 436 254 5929 7889 1387 2111 312 828 80 0 19226 W. Diarrhea 201 125 92 397 98 407 1903 991 74 0 4288 B. Diarrhoea 42 64 48 35 44 81 743 39 0 0 1096 UTI 138 194 772 749 792 287 1126 166 60 0 4284 STD's 99 88 598 548 473 537 738 100 0 0 3181 Typhoidfever 115 79 291 339 41 263 223 90 400 0 1841 Tuberculosis 71 32 209 176 92 48 1042 149 264 1 2084 Aneamia 115 193 411 267 106 445 276 178 0 4 1995 Meningitis 13 5 6 2 16 5 75 10 0 2 134 Gastritis 31 23 635 942 139 304 316 271 0 0 2661 Hepatitis 10 39 127 88 30 113 342 2 0 0 751 Hypertension 27 27 159 109 72 68 283 83 0 0 828 Diabetes Mellitis 9 20 0 23 16 86 46 34 0 0 234 Others 1636 4823 9093 8124 1151 1755 175 2334 0 3 29094 Total 3550 6627 23041 24206 7106 8282 9011 5386 2583 21 89813 Most Common OPD Garowe Bossaso Galkacyo Qardho Lasanod Diseases 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 Total Wounds/Trau/Fra 178 250 4535 4294 1837 1439 432 0 43 148 13156 Malaria 157 70 0 1 548 75 30 58 1435 1142 3516 Measles 25 13 50 36 16 119 99 17 0 1 376 ARI 346 154 5806 7835 1549 1846 117 813 80 100 18646 W. Diarrhoea 138 71 92 316 63 433 1058 745 73 244 3233 B. Diarrhoea 18 35 48 14 29 57 390 24 0 2 617 UTI 109 125 767 749 747 271 632 150 50 141 3741 STD's 85 47 598 594 380 472 388 100 0 29 2693 Typhoid fever 74 49 279 335 50 265 98 90 392 460 2092 Tuberculosis 45 20 208 165 18 48 708 129 177 116 1634 Anaemia 64 124 356 239 82 398 162 180 0 20 1625 Meningitis 0 3 6 2 20 2 3 10 0 0 46 Hepatitis 5 11 115 61 42 289 89 1 0 1 614 Gastritis 17 22 610 927 35 106 230 269 0 56 2272 Hypertension 20 11 148 97 27 50 160 72 0 58 643 Diabetes Mellitus 3 18 0 20 386 82 1 28 0 0 538 Others 743 2647 7869 6809 1156 1548 178 2199 0 2205 25354 Total 2027 3670 21487 22494 6985 7500 4775 4885 2250 4723 80796 Most Common 170 …...

IPD Garowe Bossaso Galkacyo Qardho Lasanod Diseases 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 Total Wound/Trau/Frac 116 186 86 215 1812 1155 488 0 117 61 4236 Malaria 73 57 0 0 177 33 39 21 40 11 451 Measles 58 6 0 0 16 146 91 15 0 0 332 ARI 90 90 101 48 1443 714 115 30 0 1 2632 W. Diarrhoea 63 55 0 81 55 422 898 246 1 2 1823 B. Diarrhoea 24 31 0 5 27 6 385 15 0 0 493 UTI 29 65 5 0 723 6 494 16 10 5 1353 STD's 14 40 0 0 473 1 350 0 0 2 880 Typhoidfever 41 31 12 10 54 78 125 0 8 16 375 Tuberculosis 26 12 1 2 18 243 648 20 87 99 1156 Anaemia 51 70 59 34 86 229 132 18 0 3 682 Meningitis 13 1 0 0 20 7 43 5 0 4 93 Gastritis 14 13 5 12 44 94 177 26 0 0 385 Hepatitis 5 19 10 7 35 17 132 1 0 3 229 Hypertension 7 14 10 13 27 33 121 11 0 0 236 Diabetes Mellitus 6 3 0 4 399 23 1 6 0 0 442 Others 893 855 1262 1251 1183 464 0 135 0 31 6074 Total 1523 1548 1551 1682 6592 3671 4239 565 263 238 21872

Type of Admin Admissions Distribution by Ward Garowe Bossaso Galkacyo Qardho Lasanod Wards 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 Total Medical 404 315 208 156 446 1422 990 179 49 42 4211 Surgical 421 457 374 399 543 972 0 24 156 75 3421 Paediatric 182 242 146 160 672 830 484 208 8 6 2938 Maternity 516 534 853 967 404 380 202 91 29 13 3989 Emergency 1583 1409 0 0 0 58 186 63 456 4 3759 Total 3106 2957 1581 1682 2065 3662 1862 565 698 140 18318

Report Mortality Mortality Cases Distribution by Ward Garowe Bossaso Galkacyo Qardho Lasanod Wards 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 Total Medical 12 11 24 16 34 2 9 3 8 1 120 Surgical 13 16 7 7 24 8 0 0 3 1 79 Paediatric 8 8 3 6 11 6 10 0 1 4 57 Maternity 6 4 3 2 21 4 3 0 0 1 44 Emergency 0 0 0 0 0 9 7 1 0 5 22 Total 39 39 37 31 90 29 29 4 12 12 322

Distribution

Mortality Cases by Cause Garowe Bossaso Galkacyo Qardho Lasanod Diseases 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 Total Wounds/Trau/Fra 0 12 4 7 19 15 11 0 0 6 74 171 …...

Malaria 5 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 5 3 15 Measles 2 0 0 0 12 1 0 0 0 0 15 ARI 4 2 0 3 21 4 0 0 0 0 34 W. Diarrhoea 1 1 0 1 14 1 6 0 1 0 25 B. Diarrhoea 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 UTI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 STD's 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Typhoidfever 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 Tuberculosis 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 1 0 6 11 Anaemia 2 4 0 2 8 0 1 0 0 0 17 Meningitis 0 0 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 2 7 Gastritis 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Hepatitis 2 0 4 3 2 2 0 0 0 0 13 Hypertension 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 10 Diabetes Mellitus 1 1 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 6 Others 19 12 19 9 1 5 4 3 6 5 83 Total 39 39 28 31 88 29 24 4 12 22 316

Table 79: Summary of Hospital Activities for Puntland - Most Common/Severe Morbidities, Most common OPD, Type of Admin, Mortality Cases by Cause-2005-2006

Summary of Hospital Activities for Puntland Garowe Bossaso Galkacyo Qardho Lasanod Activity 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 2005 2006 Total Admissions 1523 1548 1552 1682 2254 3662 4193 565 362 353 17694 Discharges 1185 1162 1527 1655 1839 3900 1766 519 0 208 13761 OPD 2027 3670 21487 22524 14664 8992 4772 4885 3805 5065 91891 Deliveries 273 209 835 845 394 318 219 84 18 11 3206 Deaths 39 39 28 30 30 29 53 4 12 21 285 Operations 170 127 348 545 130 83 0 0 113 37 1553 Dressing 4090 2074 5330 4683 1632 716 537 608 319 209 20198 X-ray 543 680 1496 1460 0 31 0 425 140 377 5152 Laboratory 3429 5236 3535 1618 3336 1131 1184 2977 6047 5745 34238 Others 0 0 8345 11773 810 530 211 2940 0 2095 26704 Total 8544 14745 19917 46815 6332 19392 2204 13007 6649 14121 151726

172 …...

Chart 99: Summary of Hospital Activities for Puntland

100000 90000 80000 70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 Total no.of cases2005&2006 no.of Total 0 OPD X-ray Others Deaths Dressing Deliveries Laboratory Operations Admissions Discharges Activity

173 …...

Chart 100:Summary of Hospital Activities for Puntland - the Most Common/Severe Morbidities- 2005-2006

35000

30000

25000

20000

15000

10000

5000 Total no.of cases2005&2006 no.of Total 0 UTI ARI STD's Others Malaria Measles Gastritis Aneamia Hepatitis Meningitis W. Diarrhea B. Diarrhoea Typhoidfever Tuberculosis Hypertension Diabetes Diabetes Mellitis Wounds/Trau/Fra Disease

Chart 101:Summary of Hospital Activities for Punt land - the Most Common/Severe Morbidities/Mortality Cases by Cause 2005-2006

174 …...

35000 140 30000 120

25000 Morbidities 100

20000 80

15000 60

40 10000

20 5000 Total no.of Most Common/Severe Most no.of Total

Total no.of Mortality cases2005&2006 Mortality no.of Total 0 0 UTI ARI STD's Others Malaria Gastritis Measles Hepatitis Anaemia Meningitis B. Diarrhoea B. Typhoidfever Tuberculosis W. Diarrhoea W. Hypertension Wounds/Trau/Fra DiabetesMellitus Disease Mortality Cases by Cause The Most Common/Severe Morbidities

Table 80: Summary of Hospital Activities for Puntland - 2006-2008

Summery of Hospital Activities for Puntland GaroweBossasoGalkacyoQardhoLasanod 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 20 200 Tot Activity 6 7 8 6 7 2008 6 7 8 6 7 8 6 07 8 al Admissi 154 245 245 168 338 3,13 366 143 1,00 184 37 ons 8 4 4 2 9 9 2 5 3 565 4 959 353 1 362 Dischar 116 209 207 165 324 3,00 390 175 178 19 ges 2 7 7 5 3 4 0 5 906 519 1 936 208 6 250 367 469 469 225 164 24,0 899 625 4,72 488 671 6,24 506 56 380 OPD 0 0 0 24 27 31 2 2 5 5 1 1 5 7 5 Deliveri es 209 272 272 845 993 939 318 351 200 84 298 287 11 18 18 Deaths 39 42 42 30 61 56 29 44 50 4 63 48 21 20 12 Operati ons 127 128 128 545 381 170 83 40 66 0 103 116 37 76 113 Dressin 207 164 164 468 519 6,18 166 1,39 30 g 4 0 0 3 8 2 716 7 2 608 760 591 209 8 319 146 150 10,4 10 X-ray 680 785 785 0 1 05 31 84 68 425 771 689 377 1 140 Ultra 0 0 0 0 436 4,03 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 …...

Sound 2 3 Laborat 523 561 561 161 222 113 162 1,71 297 918 574 66 604 ory 6 3 3 8 4 0 1 3 0 7 0 640 5 67 7 100 117 487 1,49 294 176 6,02 209 98 110 Others 0 0 0 73 3 0 530 885 6 0 0 6 5 4 0 147 177 187 468 426 51,9 193 141 11,6 130 232 16,5 141 93 121 Total 45 21 21 15 52 59 92 36 18 07 71 63 21 08 66

The Most Common/Severe Morbidities GaroweBossasoGalkacyoQardhoLasanod 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Tota Diseases 6 7 8 2006 2007 2008 6 2007 8 6 7 8 6 7 8 l Wounds/Trau/Fr 103 155 4683 a 519 5 6394481 5666 2700 1 2577 0 760 591 7 22 516 Malaria 122 452 2531 1 2659 106 0 2 79 1 2 4 0 469 1784 5 Measles 20 119 3036 14 0 115 5 32 2 0 0 0 0 211 1602 ARI 254 504 2247889 1367 624 1 1306 828 611 132 0 0 426 128 684 294 W. Diarrhoea 125 5 450397 1986 58 407 1020 991 0 1049 0 2 84 B. Diarrhoea 64 84 16935 30 510 81 48 61 39 36 69 0 1 0 UTI 194 334 424749 543 3350 287 1039 915 166 190 195 0 1 166 STD's 88 368 137548 529 1569 537 1788 1483 100 859 27 0 0 491 Typhoidfever 79 163 48339 277 0 263 25 11 90 36 398 0 1 119 Tuberculosis 32 15 50176 97 4380 48 10 1 149 97 25 1 3 258 Anaemia 193 448 289267 155 4178 445 207 278 178 146 133 4 0 0 Meningitis 5 6 92 6 2700 5 5 1 10 12 21 2 0 0 Gastritis 23 37 15942 407 2659 304 55 17 271 144 11 0 0 0 Hepatitis 39 159 888 147 113 6 4 2 4 1 0 3 0 Hypertension 27 56 16109 118 68 22 13 83 60 53 0 3 0 Diabetes 3 Mellitus 20 36 823 71 86 45 34 14 13 0 1 0 482 204 110 175 1732 233 201 Others 3 3 38124 8357 5 2988 4 1 5235 3 6 887 662 714 3872420 1977 828 1114 1149 538 792 795 341 Total 7 4 26 1 2 6 5 6 3 5 21 43 6 516 OPD 2 Garowe Bossaso Galkacyo Qardho Lasanod 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 tota Diseases 6 7 8 2006 2007 2008 6 7 8 6 7 2008 6 7 2008l Wounds/Trau/Fr 143 120 a 250 669 3044294 5312 6,038 9 9 790 0 0 0 148 167 285 114 Malaria 70 288 1501 1 0 75 0 2 58 3 3 2 230 452 Measles 13 100 1936 18 13 119 5 2 17 3 0 1 0 0 176 …...

184 ARI 154 325 1457835 1320 2,050 6 848 773 813 592 129 100 51 420 137 W. Diarrhoea 71 693 203316 323 889 433 823 447 745 2 768 244 170 61 B. Diarrhoea 35 66 6714 28 191 57 44 4 25 6 14 2 1 0 UTI 125 264 196749 647 936 271 373 676 150 178 176 141 102 159 111 STD's 47 291 41594 545 506 472 515 5 100 827 27 29 16 491 Typhoidfever 49 141 23335 285 447 265 20 10 90 9 297 460 655 117 Tuberculosis 20 10 26165 104 103 48 6 1 129 90 16 116 125 115 Anaemia 124 306 144239 132 175 398 185 177 180 136 82 20 23 0 Meningitis 3 4 62 3 5 2 5 1 10 2 14 0 0 0 Hepatitis 11 19 461 129 795 289 38 13 1 0 0 1 9 0 Gastritis 22 110 3927 420 122 106 6 2 269 104 11 56 68 0 Hypertension 11 31 1097 104 119 50 29 7 72 54 39 58 50 0 Diabetes Mellitus 18 23 120 57 69 82 46 1 28 4 11 0 0 0 264 135 154 219 227 220 114 Others 7 0 3216809 7011 3,056 8 654 619 9 5 4703 5 2 738 367 469 1662249 1642 15,51 750 480 478 488 565 6881 472 280 Total 0 0 34 7 4 0 6 3 5 5 3 9 2838

IPD GaroweBossaso GalkacyoQardhoLasanod 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Tot Diseases 2006 7 8 6 7 8 6 7 8 2006 2007 8 6 7 8 al 115 17 Wound/Trau/Frac 186 366 335215 291 164 5 440 0 760 591 61 112 231 Malaria 57 164 1030 0 0 33 4 021 2 0 11 2 17 Measles 6 19 110 0 0 146 20 015 0 0 0 0 0 ARI 90 179 7948 22 11 714 215 230 10 4 1 10 6 179 7 W. Diarrhoea 55 592 24781 0 761 422 378 246 1568 314 2 1 23 B. Diarrhoea 31 18 1025 1 32 6 12 115 29 66 0 0 0 UTI 65 70 2280 1 0 6 1 016 12 19 5 2 7 STD's 40 77 960 0 0 1 0 00 0 0 2 3 0 Typhoidfever 31 22 2510 9 2 78 4 10 21 101 16 36 2 Tuberculosis 12 5 242 1 3 243 12 620 7 9 99 75 143 Anaemia 70 142 14534 25 45 229 74 018 10 51 3 6 0 Meningitis 1 2 30 3 6 7 2 05 11 7 4 0 0 Gastritis 13 18 1212 10 1 94 17 326 16 2 0 0 0 Hepatitis 19 49 47 22 10 17 8 51 4 1 3 3 0 Hypertension 14 25 613 14 16 33 13 311 6 14 0 5 0 Diabetes Mellitus 3 13 74 14 12 23 3 16 10 0 0 1 0 125 118 2 Others 855 693 7821 8 144 464 226 135 98 362 31 55 149 245 220 168 338 3,18 367 142 50 154 Total 1548 4 9 2 9 9 1 9 565 2564 1 238 311 578 177 …...

Admissions Distribution by Ward Qardh Lasan Garowe Bossaso Galkacyo o od 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Total last Wards 2006 2007 2008 6 20078 2006 7 8 2006 7 8 6 7 8 year 1,12 Medical 315 503 441 156 18733 1422 286 188 179 813 519 42 114 81 Surgical 457 545 470 399 352 531 972 464 232 25 10 0 75 98 224 Paediatric 242 588 388 160 100 278 830 366 340 208 796 367 6 14 31 1,08 Maternity 534 818 910 967 10649 380 366 252 91 203 296 13 25 36 Emergency 1409 2812 1374 0 0 0 58 198 0 63 183 149 149 54 600 168 3,01 168 101 200 133 133 Total 2957 5266 3583 2 33896 3662 0 3 565 5 1 1 305 972 Mortality Cases Distribution by Ward Bossa Galkac Qard Lasan Garowe so yo ho od 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Wards 2006 2007 8 6 7 8 2006 7 2008 2006 2007 8 6 2007 2008 Total Medical 11 9 13 16 43 14 2 10 24 3 14 9 9 9 15 Surgical 16 14 6 7 6 18 8 8 10 0 4 0 0 0 0 Paediatric 8 16 16 6 8 11 6 8 10 0 14 5 5 5 0 Maternity 4 3 3 2 4 12 4 3 1 0 21 37 37 37 0 Emergency 0 0 0 0 0 1 9 6 3 1 10 0 0 0 6 Total 39 42 38 31 61 56 29 35 50 4 63 51 51 51 21 Mortality Cases by Cause Qard Lasan Garowe Bossaso Galkacyo ho od 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Total last Diseases 2006 2007 2008 6 7 8 6 7 2008 2006 7 2008 6 7 8 year Wounds/Trau/ 4683 Fra 12 8 0 7 6 0 15 19 0 3 0 6 6 0 Malaria 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 2 Measles 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 ARI 2 0 1 3 3 10 4 3 1602 0 1 0 0 0 0 W. Diarrhoea 1 20 4 1 26 5 1 3 684 0 11 1 0 0 2 B. Diarrhoea 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 2 61 0 0 0 0 0 0 UTI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 915 0 0 0 0 0 0 STD's 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1483 0 0 0 0 0 0 Typhoidfever 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tuberculosis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 6 2 6 Anaemia 4 2 2 2 2 5 0 2 278 0 0 0 0 0 0 Meningitis 0 0 0 2 1 7 0 0 1 0 5 5 2 0 0 Gastritis 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 178 …...

Hepatitis 0 0 2 3 4 6 2 1 4 0 1 0 0 1 2 Hypertension 3 0 1 1 4 6 1 3 13 0 1 2 0 0 0 Diabetes 3 Mellitus 1 1 0 2 3 0 0 1 0 1 33 0 0 7 Others 12 11 21 9 12 0 5 0 1732 3 21 1 5 4 2 1149 Total 39 42 38 31 61 39 29 35 5 4 44 43 0 13 21

Source: Ministry of Health

Chart 102:Summary of Hospital Activities for Puntland – 2007

179 …...

40000

35000

30000

25000

20000

15000

Total Total no.of cases 10000

5000

0 OPD X-ray Others Deaths Dressing Deliveries Laboratory Operations Discharges Admissions Sound Ultra Activity

180 …...

181 …...

Chart 104:Summary of Hospital Activities for Puntland - Per region - 2008

Chart 105:Summary of Hospital Activities for Puntland - The Most Common/Severe Morbidities / Mortality Cases by Cause - 2007

182 …...

16000 100

90 14000 80 12000 70 10000 60

8000 50

40 6000 30

4000 by Cause Mortality Cases 20 2000 10

Total Total No. of Most Common/Severe Morbidities 0 0 UTI ARI STD's Others Malaria Measles Gastritis Anaemia Hepatitis Meningitis B. Diarrhoea Typhoidfever Tuberculosis Hypertension W. Diarrhoea Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus Wounds/Trau/Fra Disease

The Most Common/Severe Morbidities Mortality Cases by Cause

16. MISCELLANEOUS

Table 81: Regional Distribution of NGOs: 2002 - 2008

Region/District Total No. of NGOs No. of NGOs operated by women

2008 2002 2003 2004 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 68 Bari 35 35 35 20 20 20 21 47 62 115 Nugaal 20 20 20 14 16 14 20 57 90 56 Mudug 18 18 18 10 12 10 16 27 43 44 Sool 5 5 22 2 2 12 16 37 48 17 Sanaag 6 6 6 3 3 3 6 9 40 22 Karkaar 6 13 21 10 Ayn 2 2 2 .. 1 1 2 6 10

183 …...

335 Total 86 86 103 49 54 60 81 196 290 Source: MOPIC

Chart 106: Regional Distribution of NGOs- NGOs operated by women: 2002 - 2008

Source: puntland facts and figures 2009

Table 82: Yearly Puntland Road Accident Statistics- 2005

No Region Accidents Death Serious Injuries Injuries Total 1 Bari 211 96 94 164 565 2 Nugal 194 61 93 256 604 3 Karkar 152 58 84 156 450 4 Mudug 120 12 21 143 296 5 Sanaag 24 11 23 32 90 6 Sool 74 18 36 72 200 7 Ayn 26 8 17 26 77 Total 801 264 368 849 2282

Chart 107: Yearly Puntland Road Accident Statistics- 2005

184 …...

700

600

500

400

300 No. of cases 200

100

0 Bari Nugal Karkar Mudug Sanaag Sool Ayn Region

Accidents Death Serious Injuries Injuries

Table 83: Yearly Puntland Road Accident Statistics- 2006

No Region Accidents Death Serious Injuries Injuries Total 1 Bari 145 72 63 128 408 2 Nugal 140 38 20 78 276 3 Karkar 99 45 21 59 224 4 Mudug 76 6 12 72 166 5 Sanaag - - - - - 6 Sool 89 15 29 47 180 7 Ayn - - - - - Total 549 176 145 384 1254

Chart 108: Yearly Puntland Road Accident Statistics- 2006

185 …...

450 400 350 300 250 200

No. of cases 150 100 50 0 Bari Nugal Karkar Mudug Sanaag Sool Ayn Region

Accidents Death Serious Injuries Injuries

Table 84: Yearly Puntland Road Accident Statistics- 2007 No Region Accidents Death Serious Injuries Injuries Livestock Bicycle 1 Bari 40 30 54 90 40 2 2 Nugal 130 60 110 87 42 0 3 Karkar 23 26 40 85 58 0 4 Mudug 150 65 100 91 43 0 5 Sanaag 20 28 42 55 41 0 6 Sool 80 45 60 80 35 0 7 Ayn 19 20 30 56 24 0 Total 462 274 436 544 283 2 Source: Ministry of Public Works Transportation and Civil Aviation

Table 85: Yearly Puntland Road Accident Statistics- 2008 No Region Accidents Death Serious Injuries Livestock Destroyed Collapsed Baalle Injuries Vehicles Houses 1 Bari 382 93 216 381 217 41 11 4 2 Nugal 427 164 273 409 582 72 36 13 3 Karkar 164 38 124 79 102 13 3 6 4 Mudug 69 19 32 95 108 12 1 2 5 Sanaag 34 13 46 77 104 96 1 0 7 Sool/Ayn 147 36 88 143 41 16 1 1 186 …...

Total 1223 363 779 1184 1154 250 53 26 Source: Security of Traffic Officer Department

Table 85: Yearly Puntland Road Accident Statistics- 2009 No Region Accidents Death Serious Injuries Livestock Destroyed Collapsed Baalle Injuries Vehicles Houses 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 Total Source: Security of Traffic Officer Department

Table 85: Yearly Puntland Road Accident Statistics- 2010 No Region Accidents Death Serious Injuries Livestock Destroyed Collapsed Baalle Injuries Vehicles Houses 1 Bari 436 122 246 347 2697 38 7 9 2 Nugal 719 229 806 1000 459 429 18 12 3 Karkar 268 94 109 282 468 9 2 0 4 Mudug 243 47 35 73 287 41 17 7 5 Sanaag 17 6 14 41 23 2 1 0 7 Sool 94 34 67 92 308 18 10 0 8 Ayn 47 14 23 42 35 3 1 2 9 Highland 82 28 43 62 114 9 3 0 Total 1404 674 1343 1938 4116 542 39 30 Source: Security of Traffic Officer Department

Chart 109: Yearly Puntland Road Accident Statistics- 2007

187 …...

500 450 400 350 300 250 200 No.of No.of cases 150 100 50 0 Bari Nugal Karkar Mudug Sanaag Sool Ayn Region

Accidents Death Serious Injuries Injuries Livestock Bicycle

Chart 110: Yearly Puntland Road Accident Statistics- 2008

Chart 111: Yearly Puntland Road Accident Statistics- Trends-2005-2008

188 …...

Chart 112: Yearly Puntland Road Accident Statistics- regional Trends-2005-2007

189 …...

Table 86: College SIITBA 2007

Subjects No of Students Male Female Teachers English 84 30 54 F M IT 45 20 25 5 0 Business Admin. 40 18 22 Project Planning 10 5 5 Computer Appling Account 10 3 7 Hard word & Networking 10 4 6 Stegtic plan 7 3 4 Project M&E 15 4 11 Total 221 87 134 5 Source: SIITBA College Administration

190 …...

Table 87: SIITBA College 2008-2010

Years Subjects No of Students Male Female Teachers English 150 80 70 2 2008 IT 75 35 40 1 Business Admin. 40 30 10 3 Total 265 145 120 6 Faculty--BA 60 35 25 Faculty--IT 112 62 50 2009 Faculty--ENG 80 35 45 SIIBA- STAFF 12 Total 252 131 120 12 Faculty--BA 70 30 20 Faculty--IT 130 60 70 Language-ENG and French 76 36 40 2010 Course –A.I.S 40 25 15 STEO 60 20 40 EBIVET 20 14 6 SIIBA STAFF 15 Total 431 185 191 15 Source: Admin/finance

Garowe College of Management Development Studies 2010

Courses Enrolled Enrolled students Graduation year Male Femal Total Male Female Diploma of 20 15 35 pending pending Business Administration Human resourse 30 18 48 pending pending management 2010 Financial 20 16 36 Pending pending management IT & computer 150 140 290 Pending pending Science English 130 121 251 pending Pending Project Cycle 25 0 25 Graduated N/A Management (PCM) Total 375 310 685 25 0 Source: Office of registrar

191 …...

Chart 113: College SIITBA 2007

60

50

40

30

20 No.of students No.of

10

0 IT Project English Admin. Appling Planning Business Account Computer Networking Hand word & word Hand Stegtic plan Project M&E Subject

Male Female

Chart 114: College SIITBA 2008

192 …...

Table 88: Nugaal University (Las-Anod) 2007 Nugaal University No Of Students Male Female Teachers Faculty of Business Administration 150 125 25 9 Faculty of Computer Science 60 45 15 Language 70 47 23 Grand Total 280 217 63 9 Source: Nugaal University Admin.

Chart 115: Nugaal University (Las-Anod) 2007

193 …...

140

120

100

80

60

40 No.of students No.of

20

0 Business Administration Computer Science Language Faculty

Male Female

Table 89: Nugaal University (Las-Anod) 2008 Nugaal University No Of Students Male Female Teachers Faculty of Business Administration 60 45 15 19 Faculty of Computer Science 40 27 13 Language 30 23 7 Teacher of Training 77 52 25 Base Business Administration 67 45 22 Grand Total 274 192 82 19 Source: Depute principal.

Chart 116: Nugaal University (Las-Anod) 2008

194 …...

Table 90: Haji Abdi Health Training Institute 2007-

Description No Of Students Male Female Teachers Qualified Nurses 50 8 42 5 Doctors 4 1 Total 50 8 43 5 2008 Description No Of Students Male Female Teachers Qualified Nurses 109 30 79 15 Total 109 15 Source: Admin/Finance

195 …...

Table 91: State Bank of Puntland Liabilities and Assets2007-2008 Assets 2007 2008 Cash of the Bank 30,272,161,077 5,422,711910.75 Hard Currency 2,371,092,727 1,007,751,330 Deposits 4,150,270,090 1,861,120,899 Advanced Government 36,859,940 4,638,437,095 Others 00 00 Total 36,830,383,834 12,930,023,222.75 Source: State Bank.

196 …...

Table 91: State Bank of Puntland Liabilities and Assets-2009-2010 Assent 2009 2010 NO 1 Cash of the branches 41,697,212,421.40 2 Purchases $ sales Foreign Nates 8,663,450,431.00 3 Debit ore diverse 1,120292,180.00 4 Treasury Accounts 11,717,770,216.21 5 Demand Depots 19,895,041,478.48 6 Kaydka Qaranka 2,248,300.00 7 Raasumaalka BDP 1,056,247,975.00 8 Kaydka Laanta Boosaaso 1,249,7005,055.00 9 Foreign Bank notes (Branches) 3,582,105,646.20 10 Criditore diverse 7,586,214,033.71 11 Direzione general 1,310,277,543.00 12 External Account 5,081,344,784.80 Total 51,480,955,032.40 51,480,955,032.40 Source: State Bank.

Table 91: State Bank of Puntland Liabilities and Assets-2009-2010 Discribtion 2009 2010 NO 1 Cash of the branches 33,101,346,260.32 2 Purchases $ sales Foreign Nates 5,849,749,615.00 3 Ordinary Loan 840,000,000.00 4 Sundry Debtors 3,968,625,381.00 5 Treasury Accounts 1,718,692,936.21 6 Demand Depots 16,904,670,955.60 7 External Account 4,156,315,364.80 8 Reserve of the branches 5,149,705,055.00 9 Capital of the Bank 1,058,496,275.00 10 Foreign Bank notes (Branches) 2,533,434,246.20 11 Sundry Criditiors 10,163,258,699.00 12 Head Office Acounts 2,079,147,824.51 TOTAL 43,763,721,256.23 43,763,721,256.32 Source: State Bank.

197 …...

Chart118: State Bank of Puntland - Assets 2006-2008

Table 92: State Bank of Puntland- Liabilities 2006-2008 Description 2006 2007 2008 Treasury Dep. 3,476,210,514.30 2,182,293,675 2,143,200,554.37 Demand 6,019,164,796.55 8,633,905,281 2,250,753,832.04 Foreign Bank Notes 95,277.50 1,415,797,955 External Accounts 2,275,795,225 4,407,210,428 Sundry Creditor 4,523,662,798 1,300,037,890.14 Profit Heard Accounts 3,869,691,115 331,695,245.20 National Reserve 5,484,605,300 13,574,000 Assets of Puntland State 2,445,935,375 2,248,300 Store Dinery Reserve 7,319,197,565 6,247,675 Braches Saving 000 1,059,255,055 Total 36,830,383,835 12,930,022,942.75 Source: Puntland state bank

Chart119: State Bank of Puntland - Liabilities -2006-2008

198 …...

Table 93: Inflation in Puntland with Base Year 2005-2008 in Percentage

Area/Year Garowe Bossaso Puntland 2006 43.32 16.11 29.72 2007 86.65 15.55 51.10 2008(Jan-Mar) 102.01 5.83 53.92 2008(April-June) 166.02 23.18 94.60 2008 (July-Sept) 204.49 72.12 138.31 2008 (Oct-Dec) 211.36 40.99 126.18 2008 170.97 36.53 103.25 Source: MOPIC (Department of Statistics)

Chart 120: Inflation in Puntland with Base Year 2005 in Percentage (2006-2008) 199 …...

Table 94: Bossaso Collage 2008

Institute Departments Male Female Total Department of Community 214 181 395 Development and Social Work Department of English Studies 109 48 157 Department of Computer Science 81 29 110 Total 404 258 662 Source: Admin/College

200 …...

Chart121: Bossaso Collage institute student enrolment by gender 20081

Table: 95-Remmittances to whole regions in Puntland, 2008-2010

No Description Years Charges Charge External Internal 1 Dahabshiil 2008 $ 1.00 $ 5.00 2 Amal Express $ 1.00 $ 5.00 3 Qaran Express $ 1.00 $ 5.00 4 Al-Mustaqbal $ 1.00 $ 5.00 5 Amaana 2009 $ 1.00 $ 5.00 6 Tawakal $ 1.00 $ 5.00 7 Dayax Islamic Bank $ 1.00 $ 5.00 8 Iftin $ 1.00 $ 5.00 9 Kaah Express $ 1.00 $ 5.00 10 Karaama 2010 $ 1.00 $ 5.00 11 Olympic $ 1.00 $ 5.00 12 Global $ 1.00 $ 5.00 201 …...

Source: All Administration Office

Table 96: Number of Companies generating electricity, Domestic and Small Commercials, Street Lighting, Small Industries, Public and Free

District Companies generating electricity K/W/h Domestic/ Small Public Street Free Staff Year Commercials Industries Light 2008 Gardo 384,000 24,000 7,200 7,200 14,400 50- ENEE Persons Galca’io 35,000 8,000 800 750 14,000 78- NEPCO Persons Garowe 986,400 192,000 468,000 235,200 127,200 25- NEC Persons Bossaso 44,400,000 23,520,000 26,136,000 9,144,000 4,800,000 110- ENEE Persons Source: Regional Administration Electricity Officers

Table 97: Telecommunication subscribers in Puntland (GOLIS AND TELCOM), 2008

District Telecommunication All Puntland SIM CARD LINE STAFF Golis-All Puntland 17,000 3,000 700- Persons Telcom,Garowe 4,242 - 17- Persons Source: Administration Telecommunication Company.

Table 98: MOGADISHU UNIVERSITY.

A. Enrolment students in campus 2008/2009 Faculties Male Female Total م 1. Shari’a & Low 18 16 34 2. Education 17 5 22 202 …...

3. Economics & Management 97 16 113 Science Total 132 37 169

Chart 122:Mogadishu University-student enrolment by gender-2008

b. Number of the lecturers (full time + part time) 2008/2009 Lecturers Male Female Total م 1. PhD Holder 1 - 1 2. Master Degree 3 - 3 3. Bachelor degree 2 - 2 1. Master Degree 3 - 3 2. Bachelor 2 - 2 Total 11 - 11

C. Admin Staff and other workers in the Campus 2008/2009 Qualification Male Female Total م 203 …...

1. PhD 1 - 1 2. Master degree 2 - 2 3. Bachelor 3 - 3 4. Secondary 1 1 Total of Admin staff 6 1 7 5. Under secondary 8 3 11 6. Volunteer 3 - 3 Sum Total 17 4 21

D. Summary Schedule of MU Campus students, Lecturers and other staff No. Types Male Female Total 1. Students 132 37 169 2. Lecturers 11 0 11 3. Admin Staff 6 1 7 4. Other Staff 8 3 11 5. Volunteer 3 0 3 Source: Director, MU president Office

Table 99: Arrival of Airplanes Commercial, International, Passenger and Cargo, 2008

Monthly Commercial International PAX In PAX Out Cargo In Cargo Out January 91 91 1,165 1,083 490,445 125,990 February 105 95 1,056 1,091 473,243 137,349 March 127 129 983 1,062 368,987 77,200 April 111 98 1,178 1,221 452,524 81,792 May 138 74 960 1,110 462,448 51,706 June 104 81 1,125 1,233 406,152 40,768 July 97 84 1,339 1,402 379,372 53,654 August 89 78 1,183 1,568 389,560 68,414 Sept. 74 78 1,047 1,246 344,400 40,659 October 89 71 1,225 1,328 411,400 40,787 November 88 64 1,442 1,549 380,030 61,402 December 80 69 1,665 1,039 371,100 43,348 Total 1,193 1,012 14,368 14,932 4,929,661 823,069 Source: Ministry of Civil Aviation

204 …...

Table 99: Arrival of Airplanes Commercial, International, Passenger and Cargo, 2009

Monthly Commercial International PAX In PAX Out Cargo In Cargo Out January 7 47 1,065 731 155,000 66,000 February 17 40 985 854 153,000 51,000 March 13 49 1,285 1,122 125,000 62,000 April 30 47 1,714 1,602 210,000 66,000 May 19 48 1,460 976 240,000 62,000 June 21 60 1,392 1,046 210,000 68,000 July 23 70 1,506 875 167,000 39,000 August 17 63 1,361 1,042 180,000 51,000 Sept. 20 70 1,640 1,106 170,000 56,000 October 80 74 1,244 1,007 165,000 57,000 November 31 80 1,766 1,203 168,000 48,000 December 28 78 1,497 1,304 170,000 54,000 Total 244 726 16,915 12,868 2,113,000 680,000 Source: Ministry of Civil Aviation

Table 99: Arrival of Airplanes Commercial, International, Passenger and Cargo, 2010

Monthly Commercial International PAX In PAX Out Cargo In Cargo Out January 1 53 45 48 --- 18 February -- 51 63 38 -- -- March 1 48 31 59 13 April -- 40 19 33 -- -- May -- 44 23 18 -- -- June -- 49 58 16 -- -- July -- 57 21 43 -- -- August -- 44 121 145 -- -- Sept. -- 52 66 42 -- -- October 6 59 170 155 -- -- November 8 52 101 149 -- 35 December 1 66 55 88 -- 12 Total17 17 615 773 834 --- 78 Source: Ministry of Civil Aviation

205 …...

206 …...

207 …...

208