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This Report Is Financed by the European Development Fund and Implemented by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) EUROPEAN UNION Delegation of the European Commission Somalia Unit Somalia Urban Sector Profile Study September 2002 UN-HABITAT Regional Office for Africa and the Arab States This report is financed by the European Development Fund and implemented by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT). The authors accept full responsibility for this report that was drawn up on behalf of the European Commission. It does not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. Acknowledgements: The Urban Sector Profile Study Report has been prepared by the international consultants Mr. Richard Woods and Mr. James Mutero with substantive guidance and inputs from the Regional Office for Africa and the Arab States (ROAAS), UN-HABITAT. EC-Somalia Office: Contracting authority: Gary Quince, Head of Delegation Coordination: Roger De Backer, Economic Advisor Jesper Pedersen, Technical Assistant, Urban Development and Mine Action UN-HABITAT: Coordination: Alioune Badiane, Chief, ROAAS, Mohamed El Sioufi, Senior Human Settlements Advisor Team: Sanne Willems, Pierre Gelas, Eric Verschuur, Fuaad Alkizim. Field staff: Marco Van-der Plas, Coordinator, Omar Duale, Mohamed Haibe, Liban Hussein. Design: Jennifer Chéruel (Layout), Vincent Kitio (Cover, photographs, CD-Rom). Logistics: Anne Maina, Beatrice Nyikuri, Milcah Mbindyo The team appreciates the support provided by EC Somalia Office, UN-HABITAT headquarter staff and all the partners in the field. Abstract: The Urban Sector Profile Study for Somalia has been prepared between June and September 2002. It is intended to fill a gap between the EC’s Country Support Strategy and individual urban project interventions, providing an instrument for policy dialogue and a basis for determining interventions. It is framed by the EC’s 2002 guidelines, “Towards Sustainable Urban Development”. The Study has been prepared through a broad-based consultative approach including local and central authorities, civil society, the private sector and other key stakeholders. The report recommends that in order to be effective, external assistance should aim to: build stakeholder capacity at all relevant levels; twin software with tangible hardware to address highest local priorities; provide for comprehensiveness whether in software or hardware; show sensitivity to a traumatised population as well as complying with rational technical and economic parameters of development; establish donor commitment; and commit to a clear and realistic exit strategy. The key recommendation is to address urban sector issues through two inter-linked programmes: Urban Governance and Urban Management with a support component addressing central issues. Table of contents A. Executive Summary....................................................................................................................3 1. Background .................................................................................................................... 5 2. Structure of the Report................................................................................................... 5 3. Lessons Learned............................................................................................................ 6 4. Strategy Directions......................................................................................................... 6 5. Sectoral Programmes and their Financing..................................................................... 9 6. Directions for External Assistance ................................................................................. 9 7. Support Gaps............................................................................................................... 10 8. Intervention Strategy .................................................................................................... 10 9. Preferred Project Options............................................................................................. 10 10. Recommendations ....................................................................................................... 11 B. Introduction ...............................................................................................................................13 1. Task.............................................................................................................................. 15 2. Work Plan..................................................................................................................... 15 3. Access and Security..................................................................................................... 15 4. Data.............................................................................................................................. 16 5. Methodology................................................................................................................. 16 6. Report Structure and Focus......................................................................................... 17 C. Urbanisation Trends and the Urban Economy ......................................................................19 1. Population and Urbanisation ........................................................................................ 21 2. Urban economy............................................................................................................ 22 D. The Urban Sector ......................................................................................................................25 1. Regulatory Framework................................................................................................. 27 2. Overall Institutional System.......................................................................................... 28 3. Urban Services - Institutional and Delivery Assessment ............................................. 28 4. Urban Programmes...................................................................................................... 35 5. Programme Financing.................................................................................................. 38 E. Civil Society...............................................................................................................................41 F. Key Sector Issues .....................................................................................................................47 1. Poverty and Environmental Issues............................................................................... 49 2. Approaches to urban planning and the planning process............................................ 50 3. Urban land management.............................................................................................. 52 4. Institutional roles and responsibilities .......................................................................... 52 5. Privatisation and Public-Private Partnerships .............................................................. 54 6. Decentralisation............................................................................................................ 55 7. Ways of Mobilising Resources ..................................................................................... 60 8. Methods of regulating projects..................................................................................... 60 G. Inter-sectoral Issues .................................................................................................................63 1. Rural-urban linkages .................................................................................................... 65 2. Economic development................................................................................................ 66 3. Equity ........................................................................................................................... 66 H. Strategy Directions ...................................................................................................................67 1. Urban Planning Services.............................................................................................. 69 2. Land Management ....................................................................................................... 70 3. Urban Water................................................................................................................. 70 4. Sanitation ..................................................................................................................... 71 5. Urban Streets ............................................................................................................... 72 6. Slaughterhouses .......................................................................................................... 72 7. Electricity ...................................................................................................................... 72 Somalia Urban Sector Profile Study Final report, September 2002 1 8. Telecommunications .................................................................................................... 72 9. Education ..................................................................................................................... 72 10. Health ........................................................................................................................... 73 11. Civil Society Organisations .......................................................................................... 73 I. Sectoral
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