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The Gulf Crisis: the Impasse Between Mogadishu and the Regions 4
ei September-October 2017 Volume 29 Issue 5 The Gulf Engulfing the Horn of Africa? Contents 1. Editor's Note 2. Entre le GCC et l'IGAD, les relations bilatérales priment sur l'aspect régional 3. The Gulf Crisis: The Impasse between Mogadishu and the regions 4. Turkish and UAE Engagement in Horn of Africa and Changing Geo-Politics of the Region 1 Editorial information This publication is produced by the Life & Peace Institute (LPI) with support from the Bread for the World, Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) and Church of Sweden International Department. The donors are not involved in the production and are not responsible for the contents of the publication. Editorial principles The Horn of Africa Bulletin is a regional policy periodical, monitoring and analysing key peace and security issues in the Horn with a view to inform and provide alternative analysis on on-going debates and generate policy dialogue around matters of conflict transformation and peacebuilding. The material published in HAB represents a variety of sources and does not necessarily express the views of the LPI. Comment policy All comments posted are moderated before publication. Feedback and subscriptions For subscription matters, feedback and suggestions contact LPI’s Horn of Africa Regional Programme at [email protected]. For more LPI publications and resources, please visit: www.life-peace.org/resources/ Life & Peace Institute Kungsängsgatan 17 753 22 Uppsala, Sweden ISSN 2002-1666 About Life & Peace Institute Since its formation, LPI has carried out programmes for conflict transformation in a variety of countries, conducted research, and produced numerous publications on nonviolent conflict transformation and the role of religion in conflict and peacebuilding. -
The Annual Report of the Most Notable Human Rights Violations in Syria in 2019
The Annual Report of the Most Notable Human Rights Violations in Syria in 2019 A Destroyed State and Displaced People Thursday, January 23, 2020 1 snhr [email protected] www.sn4hr.org R200104 The Syrian Network for Human Rights (SNHR), founded in June 2011, is a non-governmental, independent group that is considered a primary source for the OHCHR on all death toll-related analyses in Syria. Contents I. Introduction II. Executive Summary III. Comparison between the Most Notable Patterns of Human Rights Violations in 2018 and 2019 IV. Major Events in 2019 V. Most Prominent Political and Military Events in 2019 VI. Road to Accountability; Failure to Hold the Syrian Regime Accountable Encouraged Countries in the World to Normalize Relationship with It VII. Shifts in Areas of Control in 2019 VIII. Report Details IX. Recommendations X. References I. Introduction The Syrian Network for Human Rights (SNHR), founded in June 2011, is a non-govern- mental, non-profit independent organization that primarily aims to document all violations in Syria, and periodically issues studies, research documents, and reports to expose the perpetrators of these violations as a first step to holding them accountable and protecting the rights of the victims. It should be noted that Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights has relied, in all of its statistics, on the analysis of victims of the conflict in Syria, on the Syrian Network for Human Rights as a primary source, SNHR also collaborate with the Independent Inter- national Commission of Inquiry and have signed an agreement for sharing data with the Independent International and Impartial Mechanism, UNICEF, and other UN bodies, as well as international organizations such as the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. -
Country of Origin Information Report Somalia July 2008
COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT SOMALIA 30 JULY 2008 UK BORDER AGENCY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE 30 JULY 2008 SOMALIA Contents Preface LATEST NEWS EVENTS IN SOMALIA, FROM 4 JULY 2008 TO 30 JULY 2008 REPORTS ON SOMALIA PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED SINCE 4 JULY 2008 Paragraphs Background Information GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................. 1.01 Maps .............................................................................................. 1.04 ECONOMY ................................................................................................. 2.01 Currency change, 2008 ................................................................ 2.06 Drought and famine, 2008 ........................................................... 2.10 Telecommunications.................................................................... 2.14 HISTORY ................................................................................................... 3.01 Collapse of central government and civil war ........................... 3.01 Peace initiatives 2000-2006 ......................................................... 3.14 ‘South West State of Somalia’ (Bay and Bakool) ...................... 3.19 ‘Puntland’ Regional Administration............................................ 3.20 The ‘Republic of Somaliland’ ...................................................... 3.21 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ........................................................................... 4.01 CONSTITUTION ......................................................................................... -
HAB Represents a Variety of Sources and Does Not Necessarily Express the Views of the LPI
ei January-February 2017 Volume 29 Issue 1 2017 elections: Making Somalia great again? Contents 1. Editor's Note 2. Somali elections online: View from Mogadishu 3. Somalia under Farmaajo: Fresh start or another false dawn? 4. Somalia’s recent election gives Somali women a glimmer of hope 5. ‘Regional’ representation and resistance: Is there a relationship between 2017 elections in Somalia and Somaliland? 6. Money and drought: Beyond the politico-security sustainability of elections in Somalia and Somaliland 1 Editorial information This publication is produced by the Life & Peace Institute (LPI) with support from the Bread for the World, Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) and Church of Sweden International Department. The donors are not involved in the production and are not responsible for the contents of the publication. Editorial principles The Horn of Africa Bulletin is a regional policy periodical, monitoring and analysing key peace and security issues in the Horn with a view to inform and provide alternative analysis on on-going debates and generate policy dialogue around matters of conflict transformation and peacebuilding. The material published in HAB represents a variety of sources and does not necessarily express the views of the LPI. Comment policy All comments posted are moderated before publication. Feedback and subscriptions For subscription matters, feedback and suggestions contact LPI’s regional programme on HAB@life- peace.org For more LPI publications and resources, please visit: www.life-peace.org/resources/ ISSN 2002-1666 About Life & Peace Institute Since its formation, LPI has carried out programmes for conflict transformation in a variety of countries, conducted research, and produced numerous publications on nonviolent conflict transformation and the role of religion in conflict and peacebuilding. -
Assessing the 2017 Somaliland Presidential Election by Dr Adan
CONTENTS Executive Summary ............................................................................................ 2 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 3 Somaliland Elections ........................................................................................... 4 Methodology ...................................................................................................... 5 November 2017 presidential election................................................................... 7 Citizens’ concerns ................................................................................................................. 7 Citizens’ expectations ........................................................................................................... 9 Election dynamics ............................................................................................... 9 NEC as a key actor ................................................................................................................. 9 Political parties: views on electoral process ....................................................................... 10 The Media ........................................................................................................................... 13 Civil society actors ............................................................................................................... 14 International election observers ........................................................................................ -
Somaliland: the Strains of Success
Somaliland: The Strains of Success Crisis Group Africa Briefing N°113 Nairobi/Brussels, 5 October 2015 I. Overview Somaliland’s hybrid system of tri-party democracy and traditional clan-based gov- ernance has enabled the consolidation of state-like authority, social and economic recovery and, above all, relative peace and security but now needs reform. Success has brought greater resources, including a special funding status with donors – especially the UK, Denmark and the European Union (EU) – as well as investment from and diplomatic ties with Turkey and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), though not inter- national recognition. It is increasingly part of the regional system; ties are especially strong with Ethiopia and Djibouti. Given the continued fragility of the Somalia Federal Government (SFG), which still rejects its former northern region’s independence claims, and civil war across the Gulf of Aden in Yemen, Somaliland’s continued stabil- ity is vital. This in turn requires political reforms aimed at greater inclusion, respect for mediating institutions (especially the professional judiciary and parliament) and a regional and wider internationally backed framework for external cooperation and engagement. Successful state building has, nevertheless, raised the stakes of holding – and los- ing – power. While Somaliland has remained largely committed to democratic gov- ernment, elections are increasingly fraught. Fear of a return to bitter internal conflict is pushing more conservative politics: repression of the media and opposition, as well as resistance to reforming the increasingly unsustainable status quo. Recurrent po- litical crises and delayed elections (now set for March 2017) risk postponing much needed internal debate. The political elites have a limited window to decide on steps necessary to rebuild the decaying consensus, reduce social tensions and set an agenda for political and institutional reform. -
Annual Report
Press Freedom at Risk in Somalia 2014: Murder, Imprisonment, Censorship and Bad Laws Annual Report Ururka Qaranka Suxufiyiinta Soomaaliyeed National Union of Somali Journalists 2014: Murder, Imprisonment, Censorship and Bad Laws National Union of Somali Journalists (NUSOJ) The National Union of Somali Journalists (NUSOJ) is a fervent champion of media freedoms, the rights of journalists, workers’ rights and social justice in Somalia. NUSOJ has 525 members across the whole media industry working in broadcasting, newspapers and in new media as reporters, editors, sub- editors and photographers. NUSOJ systematically monitors and conducts investigations into violations of press freedom and human rights of journalists. The union provides accurate, prompt and impartial information concerning attacks on journalists such as killings, arrests, death threats and harassments, as well as acts of aggression against media organisations. NUSOJ is a full member of the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ), the Federation of African Journalists (FAJ) and the Eastern Africa Journalists Association (EAJA). It is also a member of the International Freedom of Expression eXchange (IFEX), the African Freedom of Expression Exchange (AFEX) and partner with Reporters without Borders. For more information, visit: Website: www.nusoj.org Email: [email protected] National Union of Somali Journalists (NUSOJ) Taleex Street, KM4 Area, Hodan District, Mogadishu, Somalia, Mohamed Isaq Mogow Bariyow, reporter and cameraman, was among 20 civilians killed in the suicide -
European Union Training Mission Somalia
European Union Training Mission Somalia PRESS SUMMARY 25th April 2018 “In ‘Media’ stat virtus” EUTM - SOMALIA 25/04/2018 Speciale difesa: contingente italiano Eutm Somalia presenta 21 progetti di cooperazione realizzati nel biennio 2017-2018 Roma, 24 apr 16:00 - (Agenzia Nova) - Il comandante dell’Italian National Support Element (It-Nse) della Missione di addestramento dell’Unione europea in Somalia (Eutm Somalia) ha incontrato il vice governatore della regione del Banadir e il suo staff. L’incontro, che si è svolto presso l’ufficio del sindaco di Mogadiscio e governatore del Banadir, è stato voluto fortemente per mostrare la volontà da parte dei militari italiani della missione Eutm di supportare l’amministrazione locale. L’iniziativa, si legge in un comunicato dello Stato maggiore della Difesa, ha avuto inoltre lo scopo di presentare le attività della Cellula di cooperazione civile e militare (Cimic) svolte e da svolgere da parte del contingente italiano in Somalia. Nel corso dell’evento sono stati discussi gli esiti dei 21 progetti eseguiti a supporto della popolazione locale che hanno interessato, nel corso del 2017-2018, principalmente i settori sanità, sicurezza, servizi di emergenza e supporto umanitario alle minoranze. Questi interventi sono stati realizzati grazie alla determinazione degli operatori del Multinational Cimic Group, unità dell'Esercito – a valenza interforze e multinazionale – specializzata nella cooperazione civile-militare che opera a Mogadiscio sin dal 2014. Tra i numerosi interventi si possono elencare i progetti di ristrutturazione delle Mother and Child Health Centre dei distretti di Shibis e Darkeenley, infrastrutture pubbliche che hanno come target l’assistenza delle giovani madri partorienti e dei minori sino ad un età di 3-5 anni. -
Somaliland and South Sudan
South Sudan and after: rethinking borders and revisiting migration after the referendum 10 June 2011 YASN, University of Leeds What makes Somaliland's case for recognition so different? Michael Walls & Steve Kibble Introduction Somaliland in the northern tip of the Horn of Africa is bounded by Djibouti, Ethiopia, ‘Puntland State’ of north-east Somalia, and Yemen across the Red Sea. The people of Somaliland are ethnic Somali, sharing with other Somalis a common language, religion, Sunni Islam, and a traditional livelihood system based around nomadic pastoralism. Most come from three main ‘clan families’ - the Isaaq, Dir (Gadabursi and 'Iise) and Harti (Warsengeli and Dulbahante) of the Darod clan federation. The Isaaq, the most populous and the politically and economically dominant group, divide into six main sub-lineages. These sub-clans and the dynamic divisions and alliances between them have at times represented critical factions in Somaliland’s politics. Historically Somalis were largely nomadic pastoralists. Customary political affiliation is based on kinship, with economic activity, culture, individual and collective rights and economic security mediated through clan. Entitlement to resources, divisions of labour and authority came through social contract between and among clans (known as heer or xeer). Decision-making was through consensus amongst adult males, with all activity including conflict, subject to widely recognised norms of behaviour. The social structure remains heavily patriarchal despite the presence of highly educated women, many with time spent in the diaspora, involved in politics, civil society and business. After being a British protectorate since 1884, Somaliland became an independent country on June 26, 1960. The rest of present-day Somalia, then administered by Italy, became independent several days later. -
Annex D. List of Key Informants
Annex D. List of key informants Name Position / title Organisation Location of interview Thomas Thomsen Chief Consultant Danida - Humanitarian Affairs Copenhagen Betina Gollander – Jensen Programme Coordinator Danish Embassy – Nairobi Video conf + Nairobi Pernille Mortensen First Secretary Danish Embassy - Addis Video conf + Addis Pernille Kardel Ambassador Danish Embassy - Addis Video conf + Addis Peter Bogh Head of Section Danida / Africa Department Copenhagen Sus Ulbæk Ambassador and Head of the Centre for Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Copenhagen Copenhagen Africa, Middle East And America Finn Nielsen Senior Technical Advisor Danida Copenhagen Jakob Mikkelsen Save the Children (SC) Denmark Copenhagen Claus Larsen Danish Refugee Council? Copenhagen Torben Madsen IAS Copenhagen Christer Laenkholm DanChurchAid Copenhagen Anna-Marie Madsen Former Counsellor with Resp For Somalia Danida Copenhagen Eric Bryld and Eric Toft Independent consultants Copenhagen Rasmus Stuhr Jakobsen DDG Copenhagen Jon Bennett Independent, Oxford, UK Jakob Mikkelsen Programme Officer SC Denmark Copenhagen Henrik Jespersen Chief Consultant New York Mark Bowden HC/RC UNDP Nairobi Tomas Koningsfelt Political Advisor Danish Embassy - Nairobi Nairobi Geert Aagaard Andersen Ambassador Danish Embassy - Nairobi Nairobi Pat Johnson Interpeace Nairobi Abdulrachman Raghe Interpeace Nairobi Johan Interpeace Nairobi Mark Bowden Special Representative UNDP Nairobi Joanne Morrison Programme Coordinator UN Joint Programme Local Governance Nairobi Patrick Fruchet Somali Support -
Matar Al Mensajero
MATAR AL MENSAJERO LOS PERIODISTAS, EN EL PUNTO DE MIRA DE TODAS LAS PARTES EN EL CONFLICTO DE SIRIA Amnistía Internacional es un movimiento mundial, formado por más de 3 millones de simpatizantes, miembros y activistas en más de 150 países y territorios, que hacen campaña para acabar con los abusos graves contra los derechos humanos. Nuestra visión es la de un mundo en el que todas las personas disfrutan de todos los derechos humanos proclamados en la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos y en otras normas internacionales de derechos humanos. Somos independientes de todo gobierno, ideología política, interés económico y credo religioso. Nuestro trabajo se financia en gran medida con las contribuciones de nuestra membresía y con donativos. Publicado en 2013 por Amnistía Internacional Secretariado Internacional Peter Benenson House 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW Reino Unido © Amnesty International Publications 20 13 Edición en español a cargo de: EDITORIAL AMNISTÍA INTERNACIONAL (EDAI) Valderribas, 13 28007 Madrid España www.amnesty.org Índice: MDE 24/014/2013 Spanish Idioma original: inglés Impreso por Amnistía Internacional Secretariado Internacional, Reino Unido Reservados todos los derechos. Esta publicación tiene derechos de autor, si bien puede ser reproducida libremente por cualquier medio con fines educativos o para llevar a cabo acciones de protección y promoción de los derechos humanos, pero no para la venta. Los titulares de los derechos de autor solicitan que se les comuniquen los usos mencionados con el fin de evaluar su impacto. Para la reproducción de este texto en cualquier otra circunstancia, su uso en otras publicaciones, o su traducción o adaptación, deberá obtenerse el permiso previo por escrito de la editorial, que podrá exigir el pago de un canon. -
Expert Report of David Kaye with Exhibits 1 to 13
Case 1:16-cv-01423-ABJ Document 42-15 Filed 03/22/18 Page 1 of 217 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CATHLEEN COLVIN et al., Civil No. 1:16-cv-01423 (ABJ) Plaintiffs, v. SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC, Defendant. EXPERT REPORT OF DAVID KAYE, UNITED NATIONS SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR ON THE PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF THE RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF OPINION AND EXPRESSION Case 1:16-cv-01423-ABJ Document 42-15 Filed 03/22/18 Page 2 of 217 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Contents I. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 II. QUALIFICATIONS & BASIS FOR OPINION................................................................. 2 A. Qualifications .................................................................................................................. 2 B. Basis for Opinion ............................................................................................................ 5 III. As Part of Its Crackdown Following the 2011 Uprising, the Syrian Government Engaged in a Systematic Pattern and Practice of Violently Persecuting Journalists and Curtailing Freedom of Expression and Opinion .................................................................................. 6 A. Media Crackdown: the Syrian Government’s Anti-Media Rhetoric ............................ 11 B. Media Crackdown: the Syrian Government’s Policy of Censorship and Interference with Media Work .........................................................................................................