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Country of Origin Information Report Somalia February 2007

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Country of Origin Information Report Somalia February 2007 COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT SOMALIA 28 FEBRUARY 2007 RDS-IND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE 28 FEBRUARY 2007 SOMALIA Contents Preface Latest News EVENTS IN SOMALIA, FROM 6 FEBRUARY 2007 TO 27 FEBRUARY 2007 REPORTS ON SOMALIA PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED SINCE 6 FEBRUARY 2007 Paragraphs Background Information GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................. 1.01 Map ................................................................................................ 1.05 ECONOMY ................................................................................................. 2.01 HISTORY ................................................................................................... 3.01 Collapse of central government and civil war ........................... 3.01 Peace initiatives 2000-2006 ......................................................... 3.04 ‘South West State of Somalia’ (Bay and Bakool) ...................... 3.05 ‘Puntland’ Regional Administration............................................ 3.06 The ‘Republic of Somaliland’ ...................................................... 3.07 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ........................................................................... 4.01 CONSTITUTION .......................................................................................... 5.01 ‘Puntland State of Somalia’ Charter ........................................... 5.02 ‘Republic of Somaliland’ Constitution........................................ 5.03 POLITICAL SYSTEM.................................................................................... 6.01 Puntland ........................................................................................ 6.02 Somaliland .................................................................................... 6.03 Human Rights INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 7.01 SECURITY SITUATION................................................................................. 8.01 Police............................................................................................. 8.05 Torture........................................................................................... 8.09 Extra – judicial killings................................................................. 8.10 Armed forces ................................................................................ 8.16 ABUSES BY NON-GOVERNMENT ARMED FORCES......................................... 9.01 Clan-based militias....................................................................... 9.01 JUDICIARY ................................................................................................ 10.01 Southern Somalia......................................................................... 10.06 Puntland ........................................................................................ 10.07 Somaliland .................................................................................... 10.08 ARREST AND DETENTION – LEGAL RIGHTS.................................................. 11.01 PRISON CONDITIONS.................................................................................. 12.01 DEATH PENALTY........................................................................................ 13.01 POLITICAL AFFILIATION.............................................................................. 14.01 Mogadishu .................................................................................... 14.03 ‘South West State of Somalia’ (Bay and Bakool) ...................... 14.06 Puntland ........................................................................................ 14.07 ii This Country of Origin Information Report contains the most up-to-date publicly available information as at 27 February 2007. Older source material has been included where it contains relevant information not available in more recent documents. 28 FEBRUARY 2007 SOMALIA Somaliland .................................................................................... 14.09 FREEDOM OF POLITICAL EXPRESSION ........................................................ 15.01 Charter provisions in Puntland................................................... 15.02 Constitutional provisions in Somaliland.................................... 15.03 FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION AND ASSEMBLY ............................................... 16.01 FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND MEDIA .............................................................. 17.01 Media institutions......................................................................... 17.02 Legal position and actual practice ............................................. 17.09 HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTIONS, ORGANISATIONS AND ACTIVISTS.................. 18.01 Local human rights organisations.............................................. 18.01 International human rights organisations.................................. 18.02 FREEDOM OF RELIGION.............................................................................. 19.01 Union of Islamic Courts (UIC) ..................................................... 19.08 ETHNIC GROUPS........................................................................................ 20.01 Somali clans ................................................................................. 20.02 Rahanweyn clans ......................................................................... 20.07 Minority groups ............................................................................ 20.08 General security position for minority groups .......................... 20.11 Bajuni ............................................................................................ 20.15 Bantu ............................................................................................. 20.19 Benadiri and Bravanese .............................................................. 20.23 Hamar Hindi .................................................................................. 20.25 Midgan, Tumal, Yibir and Galgala............................................... 20.26 LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL AND TRANSGENDER PERSONS............................. 21.01 DISABILITY ................................................................................................ 22.01 WOMEN .................................................................................................... 23.01 Legal rights ................................................................................... 23.03 Political rights............................................................................... 23.04 Violence against women.............................................................. 23.09 Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)................................................. 23.12 CHILDREN ................................................................................................. 24.01 Education ...................................................................................... 24.06 Child care ...................................................................................... 24.12 Child soldiers................................................................................ 24.15 Health issues ................................................................................ 24.17 TRAFFICKING ............................................................................................ 25.01 MEDICAL ISSUES ....................................................................................... 26.01 Overview of availability of medical treatment and drugs ......... 26.01 HIV/AIDS........................................................................................ 26.05 Hospitals ....................................................................................... 26.10 Provision of hospital care by region as reflected in JFFMR .... 26.12 Private sector and NGO provision.............................................. 26.13 Mental health care ........................................................................ 26.14 FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT........................................................................... 27.01 External movement ...................................................................... 27.11 Somali Refugees .......................................................................... 27.22 INTERNALLY DISPLACED PEOPLE (IDPS) .................................................... 28.01 RETURNING REFUGEES ............................................................................. 29.01 UNHCR position on the return of rejected asylum seekers ..... 29.05 FOREIGN REFUGEES .................................................................................. 30.01 CITIZENSHIP AND NATIONALITY .................................................................. 31.01 EMPLOYMENT RIGHTS................................................................................ 32.01 Trade Unions and the right to strike........................................... 32.01 Equal employment rights ............................................................ 32.02 This Country of Origin Information Report contains the most up-to-date publicly available information as at 27 February iii 2007. Older source material has been included where it contains relevant information not available in more recent documents. 28 FEBRUARY 2007 SOMALIA Forced labour ............................................................................... 32.03 Child labour
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