GCSE COMBINED SCIENCE: SYNERGY F Foundation Tier Paper 3F

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Materials For Examiner’s Use For this paper you must have:  a ruler Question Mark  a scientific calculator 1  the periodic table (enclosed) 2  the Physics Equations Sheet (enclosed). 3 Instructions 4  Use black ink or black ball-point pen. 5  Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. 6  Answer all questions in the spaces provided.  Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want 7 to be marked. 8  In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer. 9 Information TOTAL  The maximum mark for this paper is 100.

 The marks for questions are shown in brackets.  You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.  You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers.

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0 1 This question is about the periodic table.

In 1864 John Newlands suggested an arrangement of elements.

Figure 1 shows the arrangement Newlands suggested.

Figure 1

0 1 . 1 Give two differences between column 1 in Figure 1 and Group 1 in the modern

periodic table.

Use the periodic table to help you. [2 marks]

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0 1 . 2 In 1869 Mendeleev produced his periodic table.

Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box. [1 mark]

insoluble magnetic undiscovered unreactive

Mendeleev left gaps in his periodic table for elements that were

0 1 . 3 How are the elements ordered in the modern periodic table?

[1 mark] Tick one box.

Atomic mass

Atomic number

Melting point

Reactivity

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Figure 2 shows part of the modern periodic table.

Figure 2

0 1 . 4 Complete the sentences about the elements in Figure 2.

Choose the answers from the box. [3 marks]

A D E G J

Sodium is an alkali metal and is represented by the letter .

An element in group 3 is represented by the letter .

A gaseous non-metal element is represented by the letter .

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0 1 . 5 Figure 3 shows the electronic structure of an atom.

Figure 3

This element is in the shaded group on Figure 2.

Why is this element unreactive? [1 mark]

0 1 . 6 Name the group of elements in the shaded column on Figure 2.

[1 mark]

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0 2 This question is about ammonia (NH3) and compounds of ammonia.

0 2 . 1 Which diagram shows the arrangement of outer shell electrons in a molecule

of ammonia? [1 mark] Tick one box.

0 2 . 2 What type of bonding is present in ammonia?

[1 mark] Tick one box.

Covalent

Ionic

Metallic

Ammonia is produced by reacting nitrogen and hydrogen.

0 2 . 3 Balance the equation for the reaction.

[1 mark]

N2 + 3H2 NH3

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0 2 . 4 What does the sign represent? [1 mark]

0 2 . 5 Ammonia dissolves in water to form an alkaline solution.

Ammonia solution reacts with an acid to produce a salt, ammonium nitrate.

Which acid is used to produce ammonium nitrate? [1 mark] Tick one box.

Citric acid

Hydrochloric acid

Nitric acid

Sulfuric acid

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A student investigated the temperature change when ammonium nitrate is dissolved in water.

This is the method used.

1. Add ammonium nitrate to water.

2. Stir the mixture.

3. Record the temperature of the solution every 5 seconds.

Table 1 shows the results.

Table 1

Time in Temperature of solution seconds in °C

0 20.0

5 17.5

10 15.5

15 14.0

20 13.0

25 12.5

30 12.0

35 12.0

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Figure 4 shows some of the student’s results.

Figure 4

0 2 . 6 Complete Figure 4.

 Plot the data from Table 1 on Figure 4.  Draw a line of best fit. Your line should be a smooth curve. [3 marks]

0 2 . 7 Use Table 1 to suggest a value for room temperature.

[1 mark]

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0 2 . 8 What is one use for the dissolving of ammonium nitrate in water?

[1 mark] Tick one box.

Cold pack to treat injuries

Glow sticks

Hand warmers

Self-heating can to warm food

0 2 . 9 Which reaction profile diagram represents the dissolving of ammonium nitrate

in water? [1 mark] Tick one box.

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0 3 A student investigated the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution.

Figure 5 shows the apparatus used.

Figure 5

0 3 . 1 Figure 5 shows the volume of gas B collected in 10 minutes.

What is the volume of gas B? [1 mark]

Volume of gas B = cm3

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0 3 . 2 Table 2 shows the student’s results using sodium chloride solution of

concentration 30 g/dm3

Table 2

Volume of gas B collected in Experiment 10 minutes in cm3

1 2.2

2 2.2

3 2.0

Calculate the mean volume of gas B collected in 10 minutes. [2 marks]

Mean volume = cm3

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The student repeated the experiment using different concentrations of sodium chloride solution.

Figure 6 shows some of the student’s results.

Figure 6

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0 3 . 3 One point on Figure 6 is anomalous.

What is the concentration and volume of the anomalous point?

Give a reason for your choice. [2 marks]

Concentration g/dm3

Volume cm3

Reason

0 3 . 4 Describe the trend shown on Figure 6.

[1 mark]

0 3 . 5 Draw one line from each type of variable to the description of the variable in

the experiment. [2 marks]

Description of variable in Type of variable the experiment

Concentration of sodium chloride solution

Power supply Dependent variable Temperature of solution Independent variable

Volume of gas collected

Volume of sodium chloride solution

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Sodium chloride solution contains sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl−).

0 3 . 6 Sodium chloride solution is electrolysed.

Explain why the sodium ions are attracted to the negative electrode. [2 marks]

0 3 . 7 Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box. [1 mark]

are too big are too small cannot move have delocalised electrons

Solid sodium chloride does not conduct electricity because

the ions .

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0 3 . 8 Which two gases are produced during the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution?

[2 marks] Tick two boxes.

Carbon dioxide

Carbon monoxide

Chlorine

Hydrogen

Nitrogen

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0 4 Figure 7 shows the information label from a hairdryer.

Figure 7

50 Hz 230 V 2100 W

0 4 . 1 What is the power of the hairdryer?

[1 mark] Tick one box.

50 Hz

230 V

2100 W

0 4 . 2 What is the equation which links current, potential difference and power?

[1 mark] Tick one box.

power = potential difference × current

potential difference power =

current

current power = potential difference

0 4 . 3 The mains electricity supply in the UK is an alternating current (ac).

What is the frequency of the UK ac supply? [1 mark]

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0 4 . 4 Some electrical appliances use batteries.

What type of current does a battery supply? [1 mark] Tick one box.

Alternating current (ac) only

Direct current (dc) only

Both ac and dc

Not ac or dc

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The hairdryer is connected to the mains electricity supply by a plug.

Figure 8 shows the inside of a plug.

Figure 8

0 4 . 5 Draw one line from each wire to the colour of insulation around the wire.

[2 marks]

Colour of insulation Wire around wire

Blue

Brown Live Green Neutral

White

Yellow

0 4 . 6 The insulation around the Earth wire has two colours.

What are the two colours? [1 mark]

and

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0 4 . 7 Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc.

Give two properties of brass that make it suitable to use in the plug. [2 marks]

0 4 . 8 Figure 9 shows how the National Grid links power stations to consumers.

Figure 9

Describe how electrical power is transferred from power stations to consumers by the National Grid. [4 marks]

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0 5 This question is about diamond and graphite.

Figure 10 shows part of the structure of diamond.

Figure 10

0 5 . 1 Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box. [1 mark]

calcium carbon chromium cobalt

Diamond is a form of .

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0 5 . 2 Which two statements about diamond are correct?

[2 marks] Tick two boxes.

Diamond has a giant structure.

Diamond has ionic bonds.

Diamond is made of layers.

Diamond has weak bonds.

Each atom is joined to four other atoms.

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Figure 11 shows part of the structure of graphite.

Figure 11

0 5 . 3 Explain why graphite is soft and slippery.

Use Figure 11 and your own knowledge. [3 marks]

0 5 . 4 Graphite has covalent bonds between the atoms.

How many covalent bonds does each atom form? [1 mark] Tick one box.

1 2 3 4

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0 5 . 5 Explain why graphite can conduct electricity.

You should include a reference to electrons in your answer. [2 marks]

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0 6 Speed and velocity are different quantities.

0 6 . 1 Complete the sentences.

Choose the answers from the box. [2 marks]

distance direction scalar time vector

Velocity is a quantity.

The velocity of an object is its speed in a given .

Figure 12 shows the distance-time graph for an athlete in a running race.

Figure 12

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0 6 . 2 Determine the:

 distance of the race  time taken for the athlete to complete the race.

Use Figure 12. [2 marks]

Distance = km

Time taken = minutes

0 6 . 3 What is the motion of the athlete between points B and C on Figure 12?

[1 mark] Tick one box.

Moving at constant speed

Moving with decreasing speed

Moving with increasing speed

Not moving

0 6 . 4 Which section on Figure 12 shows the athlete moving at the highest speed?

[1 mark] Tick one box.

A to B

B to C

C to D

D to E

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0 6 . 5 How does the section you gave as your answer in Question 06.4 show the

highest speed? [1 mark]

0 6 . 6 A cyclist travelled the same distance as the athlete.

The cyclist travelled at a constant speed for 120 minutes.

Complete Figure 13 to show a distance-time graph for the cyclist. [2 marks]

Figure 13

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A car following the race accelerates at a constant rate in a straight line.

The velocity of the car increases from 1.9 m/s to 3.4 m/s in 60 seconds.

0 6 . 7 Calculate the change in velocity of the car. [1 mark]

Change in velocity = m/s

0 6 . 8 Calculate the acceleration of the car.

Use your answer to Question 06.7.

Use the equation:

change in velocity acceleration= time taken

Give the unit. [3 marks]

Acceleration = Unit

0 6 . 9 Which graph shows how the velocity of the car changes as the car accelerates?

Tick one box. [1 mark]

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0 7 This question is about beryllium.

0 7 . 1 Beryllium is in Group 2.

What does this tell you about the electronic structure of beryllium? [1 mark]

Beryllium is found in beryllium aluminium silicate.

The formula of beryllium aluminium silicate is Be3Al2(SiO3)6

0 7 . 2 What is the ratio of atoms of each element in beryllium aluminium silicate?

[1 mark]

Ratio of Be: Al : Si : O = : : :

0 7 . 3 What percentage by mass of beryllium is in beryllium aluminium silicate?

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

Relative atomic mass (Ar) of Be = 9

Relative formula mass (Mr) of Be3Al2(SiO3)6 = 537 [2 marks]

Percentage of beryllium = %

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Beryllium can be extracted from beryllium chloride.

Beryllium chloride (BeCl2) is heated with potassium to produce beryllium and potassium chloride (KCl).

0 7 . 4 Complete the equation for the reaction.

Your equation should be balanced. [2 marks]

BeCl2 + +

0 7 . 5 Explain why beryllium is produced when potassium is heated with beryllium chloride.

You should refer to reactivity in your answer. [2 marks]

0 7 . 6 Describe a test to show that beryllium is a metal.

Give the result of the test. [2 marks]

Test

Result

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0 8 A student investigated the relationship between the force applied to a spring and the

extension of the spring.

This is the method used.

1. Hang a spring from a rod.

2. Hang a mass from the spring.

3. Measure the extension of the spring.

4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 using different masses.

Figure 14 shows a spring before and after a mass had been hung from it.

Figure 14

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0 8 . 1 Give two ways in which the appearance of the spring has changed.

[2 marks]

0 8 . 2 The extension of the spring is the distance between which two points on

the metre rule?

Use letters from the diagram in Figure 14. [1 mark]

and

0 8 . 3 The force applied to the spring is the weight of the mass hanging from the spring.

Write the equation that links gravitational field strength, mass and weight. [1 mark]

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Figure 15 shows the student’s results.

Figure 15

0 8 . 4 During the investigation the limit of proportionality of the spring was exceeded.

What is the value of force at which this happened?

Give a reason for your choice. [2 marks]

Force = N

Reason

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0 8 . 5 Suggest how the student could obtain a more accurate answer for the limit of

proportionality of the spring.

You should include the additional readings the student should take. [2 marks]

0 8 . 6 Write the equation that links extension, force and the spring constant.

[1 mark]

0 8 . 7 A different spring has a spring constant of 18 N/m

When an apple is hung from the spring, the spring extends 6.4 cm

The spring does not go past the limit of proportionality.

Calculate the force exerted by the apple on the spring. [3 marks]

Force = N

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0 9 Crude oil is a mixture of many different chemical compounds.

Table 3 shows information about four compounds that can be obtained from crude oil.

Table 3

Chemical Melting point Boiling point Compound formula in °C in °C

Decane C10H22 −30 +174

Ethene C2H4 −169 −104

Icosane C20H42 +37 +343

Methane CH4 −183 −164

0 9 . 1 Which compound in Table 3 is a liquid at room temperature (20 °C)?

[1 mark] Tick one box.

Decane

Ethene

Icosane

Methane

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0 9 . 2 Which compound in Table 3 has the highest viscosity?

[1 mark] Tick one box.

Decane

Ethene

Icosane

Methane

0 9 . 3 Which compound can be used to produce a polymer?

[1 mark] Tick one box.

Decane

Ethene

Icosane

Methane

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0 9 . 4 Figure 16 shows the separation of crude oil in a fractionating column.

Figure 16

Explain how crude oil is separated into different fractions by fractional distillation. [6 marks]

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END OF QUESTIONS

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