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Chapter 2 Chapter 2 41 and Art Vantaain SmartBusiness, City Mobility,Development Chang Liu Noora Haavisto & Barbara Radaelli-Muuronen Vantaa Smart City Development in Business, Mobility, and Art USP / 2018 gagement and expanding public participation Introduction (Smart cities 2017). On the other hand, con- cerns are raised regarding private data use, The smart city concept has been widely used the risk of loss of privacy, as well as a and discussed in city planning and brand- growing monopoly of Internet of Things (IoT) ing. Smart city strategies usually refer to corporations. To avoid these risks, The improving the city’s design or solving city Finnish Ministry of Transport and Communica- problems by using high technology meth- tions has launched “My Data,” a Nordic model ods. It has become a trend that more and for human-centered personal data management more cities are embracing the smart city and processing (Poikkola et al. 2017). concept in their policies and strategies. Also, electromagnetic field (EMF) pollu- Smart mobility, smart waste management, and tion caused by 5G wireless antennas has to a startup culture are all related to this be taken into consideration. In response to phenomenon. health concerns on possible health effects, In Finland the “Six City Strategy,” the World Health Organization (WHO) has known as 6Aika, aims to develop more open launched a large multidisciplinary research and smart services. It is a common smart effort. The WHO concluded that current evi- city strategy for the six biggest cities in dence does not confirm the existence of any Finland: Helsinki, Espoo, Tampere, Vantaa, health consequences from exposure to low Oulu, and Turku. Around 30 percent of Fin- level electromagnetic fields. However, some land’s population lives in these cities. The gaps in knowledge about biological effects strategy is funded by the European Regional exist and need further research (Electro- Development Fund, the six cities themselves, magnetic… 2017). The concept of smart city 42 the Finnish government, and the projects itself aims for well-being and sustaina- making up the Six City Strategy. The funding bility. Smart mobility was developed to be is for 2014–2020 (Uutta kaupunkia… 2017). an ecological alternative which influences health in a positive way. In order to ensure The purpose of the Six City Strategy is citizen safety and wellbeing, EMF emissions to create efficient urban services, and is have to be kept under control. based on three focus areas. These focus ar- eas are: open innovation platforms (physical Critics also raise concerns about poten- and virtual environments), open data (mate- tial negative effects of technology, includ- rial for the development of new services) ing heavy technology users not having enough and interfaces, and open participation and opportunities to use their imagination or customer service. The aim is to make cit- creativity (De Loach 2015). Smart solu- ies more open and to create new operating tions are used to reduce time consumption models, so that the whole community can take and increase resources. As human beings, we part in the development work (Uutta kau- still have to preserve handcraft skills and punkia… 2017). avoid excessive automatization. On the other hand, a positive smart city example can be The aim of Vantaa within the strategy is found in Helsinki’s Kalasatama neighborhood. to create a more transparent city and create Here, innovations are not solely made from more open public data (Läpinäkyvä Vantaa technology, but innovations also come in 2017). However, Vantaa’s current city strat- the social form, including participation and egy was made before the Six City Strategy civic collaboration (Fiksu Kalasatama 2017). and does not mention anything about smart cities (Valtuustokauden strategia... 2015). This thematic chapter studies Vantaa as However, the smart concept and The Six City a smart city from three points of views. Strategy are mentioned several times in the The first part is about innovative busi- budgetary plan for 2017–2020 (Talousarvio… ness development in Vantaa. The content 2017). includes: the current situation analysis; how smart city strategies and open innova- The smart city concept promises access tion platforms can help Vantaa in creating a and opportunities while building civic en- more creative business environment; how the Chapter 2 entrepreneurs, city, and other factors are <http://www.vantaa.fi/hallinto_ja_talous/ connected; and what the working model looks talous_ja_strategia/talousarvio_ja_rapor- like. The aim of this chapter is to explore tointi> the ways in which the innovation business Uutta kaupunkia yhdessä (2017). The Six City developments are influencing the city, and Strategy. 11.12.2017. <https://6Aika. how smart city strategies can help Vantaa fi/6Aika-avoimia-ja-alykkaita-palveluja/> define the problems and improve the system in the innovation business development. The Valtuustokauden Strategia 2013–2017 (2015). second part reports on the use of private City of Vantaa. 11.12.2017. <http://www. cars in Vantaa, how smart mobility could be vantaa.fi/hallinto_ja_talous/talous_ja_ one solution for the challenged Vantaa is strategia/strategia> facing, as well as some suggestions for Van- taa. The third part considers the potential of using the IoT to create art projects, as well as how to finance them. Beside the traditional “percentage financing princi- ple,” we suggest new ideas for acquiring art with the smart participation of citizens, particularly in the Aviapolis area, as it is becoming a coveted aerotropolis. REFERENCES De Loach, P. (2015). The four negatives 43 sides of technology, Eudemic. 15.12.2017. <http://www.edudemic.com/the-4-nega- tive-side-effects-of-technology/> Electromagnetic fields (EMF) (2017). World Health Organization (WHO). 11.12.2017. <http://www.who.int/peh-emf/about/Wha- tisEMF/en/index1.html> Fiksu Kalasatama (2017). Fiksu Kalasatama -hanke. 11.12.2017. <https://fiksukalasa- tama.fi/> Läpinäkyvä Vantaa (2017). The Six City Strategy. 11.12.2017. <https://6Aika.fi/ kaupungit/vantaa/> Poikola. A., Kuikkaniemi, K. & Honko, H. (2017). MyData – A Nordic Model for hu- man-centered personal data management and processing. Ministry of Transport and Communications, Helsinki. <https:// julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi/bitstream/ handle/10024/78439/MyData-nordic-model. pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y> Smart cities (2017). Georgia Tech, Center for Urban Innovation. 15.12.2017. <https://urbaninnovation.gatech.edu/re- search/smart-cities> Talousarvio 2017: Taloussuunnitelma 2017– 2020. (2017) City of Vantaa. 14.12.2017. Vantaa Smart City Development in Business, Mobility, and Art USP / 2018 them? How are they influenced in the eco- Smart City Strategy for system behind the innovative platform? What Future Vantaa - Create is the relationship between the municipality and the entrepreneurs, during the coopera- an Innovative and Vibrant tion? What are the barriers and the opportu- nities, and how can the system be improved? Business City I have also zoomed in to the innovation platform-working model, based on the organi- zation system in Vantaa. Through the for- by Chang Liu mal and informal organizational connection, three big factors are influencing each other Introduction in the network: the municipality, the en- Many cities in different parts of the world trepreneurs themselves, and social problems. are working hard to solve social problems The Vantaa working model has its own prob- and make the city a better place to live. lems about segregation and lack of invest- Urban issues and urban problems used to be ments, but there are many ways to improve considered to be the research area for urban the working model and improve the attraction planners and city architects. However, with for entrepreneurs. I claim that seeing the the rapid development of advanced technology big picture and acknowledging the func- and open access to big data, a new class of tions of the whole system can help the City technology-based entrepreneurs has emerged: of Vantaa develop and test its smart city civic entrepreneurs. Civic entrepreneurs strategies, as well as to enable better con- recognize the opportunities to solve social trol of innovation business development in 44 problems and finance business with ser- the future Vantaa. vice-oriented programs such as Uber and Air- bnb. Their initiatives fill in blanks spaces Vantaa Master Plan and Regional Business De- in the market and reduce the pressure on velopment Situation the city administration offices for public infrastructure and service provision. The In its four-year term city strategy plan benefits for cities and the ability to en- 2013–2017 (made by The City of Vantaa city hance productivity have been well document- strategy), Vantaa drew up its vision for ed, and include such things as pooling the 2025: labor market, sharing inputs, and technolog- ical and information spillovers (Rosenthal & Wealthy Vantaa [Vakavarainen Vantaa] is Strange 2003). an international center for sustainable This study leans on a mixed methods ap- growth, with the city and the quality of proach. First, the main problems in Vantaa services developed together with resi- have been identified by comparing Vantaa’s dents. Vantaa is safe for residents as a city master plan and future vision with Van- hometown, the best partner in Finland for taa’s reality – weak business development in companies, and best country-led city for a suburb city. Geographic Information System workers. (Valtuustokauden strategia… 2015; (GIS) and data analysis were used to illus- Table 1) trate the gaps in between. Second, the case From the goals Vantaa set for itself, we of Vantaa has been contextualized through a can see that Vantaa is under great pres- literature review on the use of smart city sure to create more job opportunities and strategies. I have asked how smart business to improve job quality, transforming the strategies can help with Vantaa’s situation, traditional retail and service dominated especially in creating an attractive busi- industries into a multi-layered structure ness environment for innovative businesses.