EOBI) Schlussbericht

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EOBI) Schlussbericht Eidgenössisches Departement für Umwelt, Verkehr, Energie und Kommunikation UVEK Bundesamt für Verkehr BAV Expertengruppe Organisation der Bahninfrastruktur Paul Blumenthal Expertengruppe Organisation Bahninfrastruk- tur (EOBI) Schlussbericht Referenz/Aktenzeichen: 012.3/2013-04-09/318 Bern, April 2013 Referenz/Aktenzeichen: 012.3/2013-04-09/318 Entwurf Schlussbericht Expertengruppe Organisation Eisenbahninfrastruktur Inhaltsverzeichnis Management Summary ....................................................................................................................... 10 1 Einleitung ...................................................................................................................................... 13 1.1 Ausgangslage ......................................................................................................................... 13 1.2 Auftrag an die Expertengruppe ............................................................................................... 14 1.2.1 Auftrag gemäss Auftraggeber / Projektdefinition ............................................................. 14 1.2.2 Auftragsinterpretation der Expertengruppe: Ziele, Setup und Kriterien .......................... 14 1.3 Projektabgrenzungen .............................................................................................................. 16 1.3.1 Abgrenzung zwischen Expertengruppe und Rolle des Bundes ...................................... 16 1.3.2 Ziel und Aufbau des Schlussberichts .............................................................................. 16 1.4 Vorgehen................................................................................................................................. 17 2 Der EU-Eisenbahnraum ............................................................................................................... 18 2.1 Rechtliche Entwicklungen ....................................................................................................... 18 2.1.1 Bisherige Reformschritte in der EU ................................................................................. 18 2.1.2 Neufassung des „ersten Eisenbahnpakets" (Recast) ...................................................... 19 2.1.3 Vertragsverletzungsverfahren ......................................................................................... 20 2.1.4 Viertes Bahnpaket der EU-Kommission .......................................................................... 22 2.2 Umsetzungen der Eisenbahnpakete in der EU....................................................................... 22 2.2.1 EU-Mitgliedstaaten mit unbestrittener Umsetzung des ersten Eisenbahnpakets ........... 24 2.2.2 EU-Mitgliedstaaten mit bestrittener Umsetzung des ersten Eisenbahnpakets ............... 27 3 Das Schweizer System ................................................................................................................ 30 3.1 Ausgangslage ......................................................................................................................... 30 3.1.1 Bisherige Reformschritte in der Schweiz ......................................................................... 32 3.1.2 Zusammenhang mit dem Landverkehrsabkommen ........................................................ 34 3.2 Die verkehrspolitischen Rahmenbedingungen des öV-Systems Schweiz ............................. 35 3.2.1 Rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen .................................................................................... 35 3.2.2 Finanzielle Rahmenbedingungen .................................................................................... 37 3.2.3 Schweizer Bahnlandschaft - Projekt „SBB+X" ................................................................ 39 3.3 Stand der Liberalisierung und Marktordnung im schienengebundenen Verkehr der Schweiz40 3.3.1 Schienengüterverkehr...................................................................................................... 43 3.3.2 Regionaler Personenverkehr ........................................................................................... 44 3.3.3 Personenfernverkehr ....................................................................................................... 44 3.4 Vergleich mit anderen Netzinfrastrukturen ............................................................................. 44 4 Resultate der Hearings mit den Akteuren ................................................................................. 49 4.1 Hearings: Aufbau und Vorgehen ............................................................................................ 49 4.2 Problemstellung und Handlungsbedarf aus Stakeholdersicht ................................................ 49 4.3 Fazit der Expertengruppe aus den Hearings .......................................................................... 52 5 Handlungsbedarf bezüglich Ist-Zustand aus Sicht der Expertengruppe ............................... 53 2 Referenz/Aktenzeichen: 012.3/2013-04-09/318 Entwurf Schlussbericht Expertengruppe Organisation Eisenbahninfrastruktur 5.1 Zusammenhang zwischen institutionellem System und Komplexität ..................................... 53 5.2 Klärung der institutionellen Rollen .......................................................................................... 54 5.3 Diskrimierungspotentiale der integrierten Bahn und deren Kontrollierbarkeit ........................ 55 5.3.1 Instrumente zur Vermeidung von Diskriminierungen und übermässiger Ausnützung der marktbeherrschenden Stellung ...................................................................................................... 59 5.3.2 Empfehlung Diskriminierungspotentiale .......................................................................... 59 5.4 Einrichten eines unabhängigen Regulators mit umfassenden Kompetenzen ........................ 60 5.4.1 Problemstellung Regulator .............................................................................................. 60 5.4.2 Empfehlung Regulator ..................................................................................................... 61 5.5 EU-konforme Trassenvergabestelle auf der Grundlage Trasse.ch ........................................ 63 5.5.1 Problemstellung Trassenvergabestelle ........................................................................... 63 5.5.2 Empfehlung Trassenvergabestelle .................................................................................. 65 5.6 Netzentwicklung und Netzplanung: Klärung Prozess und Rollen .......................................... 66 5.6.1 Problemstellung Netzentwicklung und -planung ............................................................. 66 5.6.2 Empfehlung Netzentwicklung und -planung .................................................................... 68 5.7 Systemführerschaft und Integrator im öV-System CH als strategischer Erfolgsfaktor: Bedeutung und Rollen klären ............................................................................................................ 68 5.7.1 Problemstellung Systemführerschaft und Integrator ....................................................... 68 5.7.2 Systemführerschaft .......................................................................................................... 69 5.7.2 Integrator ......................................................................................................................... 70 5.7.3 Empfehlung Systemführerschaft und Integrator .............................................................. 71 5.8 Branchenführerschaft Cargo klären ........................................................................................ 71 5.8.1 Problemstellung Branchenführerschaft Cargo ................................................................ 71 5.8.2 Optionen Branchenführerschaft Cargo ............................................................................ 71 5.8.3 Empfehlung Branchenführerschaft Cargo ....................................................................... 71 5.9 Eigentümerrolle überprüfen .................................................................................................... 72 5.9.1 Problemstellung Eigentümerrolle ..................................................................................... 72 5.9.2 Empfehlung Eigentümerrolle ........................................................................................... 73 5.10 Weitere Themen ..................................................................................................................... 73 6 Entwicklung des Wettbewerbs ................................................................................................... 75 6.1 Szenario 1: Status quo Bahnreform 2.2 .................................................................................. 75 6.2 Szenario 2: Übernahme des dritten Eisenbahnpakets ........................................................... 75 6.3 Szenario 3: Drittes Eisenbahnpaket plus Verordnung 1370/2007 .......................................... 76 6.4 Szenario 4: Drittes Eisenbahnpaket plus Verordnung 1370/2007 plus Ausschreibung Personenfernverkehr ......................................................................................................................... 76 7 Handlungsoptionen und Bewertung .......................................................................................... 77 7.1 Vorgehen beim Erarbeiten der Handlungsoptionen ............................................................... 77
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