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Tópicos Retóricos Y Técnicas Lingüísticas En Los Reportajes De Viajes Sobre España.Un Análisis Crítico Del

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Tópicos Retóricos Y Técnicas Lingüísticas En Los Reportajes De Viajes Sobre España.Un Análisis Crítico Del Faculteit Letteren & Wijsbegeerte Yannick de Mûelenaere Tópicos retóricos y técnicas lingüísticas en los reportajes de viajes sobre España.Un análisis crítico del discurso. Masterproef voorgedragen tot het behalen van de graad van Master in de Meertalige Communicatie 2014 Promotor Prof. Dr. Patrick Goethals Vakgroep Vertalen Tolken Communicatie AGRADECIMIENTOS Quisiera agradecer a todas las personas que me ayudaron a realizar la presente prueba de máster. Primero, quiero agradecer a mi director, el Prof. dr. Patrick Goethals, su continuo esfuerzo en entusiasmarme para escribir la presente tesina. Sus conocimientos y su experiencia en el dominio de la comunicación turística han sido de importancia fundamental para la realización de esta investigación, así que le agradezco mucho sus sugerencias y correcciones. Segundo, insisto en agradecer de todo corazón a mis padres su dedicación de apoyarme en todo lo que hago. Han sido los pilares fundamentales de mi desarrollo no solo como profesional sino también como ser humano. Tercero, me gustaría agradecerles a todas mis compañeras de clase la ayuda brindada durante los últimos cuatro años. Siempre me animaron en los momentos difíciles. Tampoco me puedo olvidar de dar las gracias a Virguine Van de Winckel, quien ha puesto a mi disposición su corpus. Como último, quisiera agradecerle a la Universidad de Gante, y en particular a la Facultad de Traducción, Interpretación y Comunicación Multilingüe por la enseñanza de alta calidad y por darme la oportunidad de tener experiencias internacionales durante mi carrera universitaria. 3 ÍNDICE 1. INTRODUCCIÓN .............................................................................................................. 6 1.1 Importancia económica del sector turístico ................................................................. 6 1.2 Objetivos del estudio ................................................................................................... 7 2. IMPORTANCIA DE LA PROMOCIÓN TURÍSTICA ..................................................... 9 3. IMPORTANCIA DEL DISCURSO EN LA PROMOCIÓN TURÍSTICA ...................... 10 3.1 Características específicas de la lengua del turismo .................................................. 10 3.2 El discurso turístico como un discurso de especialidad ............................................ 12 3.3 El papel del discurso en la promoción turística. ........................................................ 13 3.4 Conclusión ................................................................................................................. 16 4. EL GÉNERO DE LOS REPORTAJES DE VIAJES ....................................................... 16 4.1 Clasificación “linguaturismo” ................................................................................... 17 4.1.1 Las familias de géneros ...................................................................................... 17 4.1.2 Los macrogéneros .............................................................................................. 18 4.1.3 Los géneros ........................................................................................................ 20 4.1.4 Funciones comunicativas ................................................................................... 21 5. EL ANÁLISIS CRÍTICO DEL DISCURSO .................................................................... 22 6. METODOLOGÍA ............................................................................................................. 23 7. ANÁLISIS DE LOS TÓPICOS RETÓRICOS ................................................................. 27 7.1 La libertad .................................................................................................................. 28 7.1.1 La libertad de escaparse de la vida en casa ........................................................ 28 7.1.2 La libertad de las inhibiciones y las reglas institucionales e ideológicas en casa31 7.1.3 La libertad de escaparse de la comercialización y del turismo de masas ........... 32 7.1.4 Cuadro sintético .................................................................................................. 35 7.2 La Autenticidad ......................................................................................................... 35 7.2.1 El estilo de vida auténtico: lo desconocido y lo típico ....................................... 37 7.2.2 Los buenos viejos tiempos: Tiempos más antiguos y puros .............................. 39 7.2.3 El encuentro con la gente local........................................................................... 40 7.2.4 La referencia a personas, obras o leyendas conocidas ....................................... 42 7.2.5 Cuadro sintético .................................................................................................. 44 7.3 La familiaridad contra la novedad ............................................................................. 44 7.3.1 Cuadro sintético .................................................................................................. 48 7.4 El aspecto mítico del viaje ......................................................................................... 49 7.4.1 El cambio ............................................................................................................ 49 4 7.4.2 La aventura ......................................................................................................... 53 7.4.3 Cuadro sintético .................................................................................................. 55 7.5 La riqueza de la experiencia ...................................................................................... 55 7.5.1 El contraste ......................................................................................................... 55 7.5.2 El lenguaje eufórico ........................................................................................... 57 7.5.3 La exclusividad .................................................................................................. 58 7.5.4 Cuadro sintético .................................................................................................. 60 7.6 El Tiempo .................................................................................................................. 61 7.6.1 El tiempo se diluye ............................................................................................. 61 7.6.2 La promesa de remontar en el tiempo ................................................................ 62 7.6.3 La promesa de disponibilidad inmediata ............................................................ 64 7.6.4 Cuadro sintético .................................................................................................. 65 8. ANÁLISIS DE LAS TÉCNICAS LINGÜÍSTICAS ........................................................ 65 8.1 Símiles y metáforas ................................................................................................... 66 8.1.1 Cuadro sintético .................................................................................................. 68 8.2 Citas y testimonios .................................................................................................... 68 8.2.1 Cuadro sintético .................................................................................................. 71 8.3 Humor ........................................................................................................................ 71 8.3.1 Ironía .................................................................................................................. 72 8.3.2 Burlarse de algo .................................................................................................. 72 8.3.3 Juegos de palabra ............................................................................................... 75 8.3.4 Cuadro sintético .................................................................................................. 75 8.4 Ego-targetting ............................................................................................................ 76 8.4.1 Cuadro sintético .................................................................................................. 78 8.5 Autoridad del autor .................................................................................................... 78 8.5.1 Cuadro sintético .................................................................................................. 80 8.6 Estructura contrastiva ................................................................................................ 80 8.6.1 Cuadro sintético .................................................................................................. 82 8.7 Languaging ................................................................................................................ 82 8.7.1 Cuadro sintético .................................................................................................. 84 9. CONCLUSIÓN ................................................................................................................. 85 5 LISTA DE TABLAS Tabla 1: Llegada de turistas internacionales en 2013 (informe anual del WTO 2013) ............. 6 Tabla 2: La generación de significado de Saussure (Fiske, 1989: 47) ....................................... 8 Tabla 3: Los diferentes géneros en las revistas de viajes ......................................................... 20 Tabla
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