DOCSLIB.ORG

Politecnico Di Torino

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Politecnico Di Torino POLITECNICO DI TORINO Master of Science in Civil Engineering Thesis InfraBIM and Interoperability: Maintenance Plan implementation and BIM communication A BIM Methodology Approach for SS 21- Colle della Maddalena: Variante di Demonte, Perdioni Bridge. PAULINA TOVO Supervisors prof. Anna Osello Eng. Francesco Semeraro July 2019 Abstract ABSTRACT To assist the designer during the different design stages, plenty of technological advances have occurred in computer science during the past years. BIM methodology is primarily consolidated in the building sector, however is having a great incidence in the civil engineering environment improving the process constantly. The project is a concrete application of BIM methodology focused on the implementation of Maintenance Plan and on a collaborative work. The thesis development was based on Variante di Demonte project, which is a real case that it has not yet been built. The main goal of the thesis is the implementation of the viaduct maintenance program using BIM procedure and to investigate how work in a collaborative way with the software selected. The paper is divided into different parts that clearly describe the methodology utilized. Through the application of several software, a 4D bridge model will be obtained. The first part consists in a description of the case study (Variante di Demonte project) and in a theorical research about BIM characteristics and its implementation, with the objective of providing an initial overview of the BIM methodology. The second part includes an explanation of the steps that have been followed for the road context modelling, the result has been used as a base to locate the bridge structure. The third part is regarding the creation of the parametric model of the bridge, with a specific focus on the interoperability between the software that have been used. Finally, in the last part of the thesis the bridge elements are associated with the timetable and information of the maintenance plan. It has also been generated a simulation with the aim of enabling the visualization of the progress of the maintenance activities over time. In addition, it has been simulated the communication and collaboration between stakeholder through the definition of a central model, which contains information inherent to the models created by each part. Abstract Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................................................... LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................ 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 The state road S.S.21 “of the Colle della Maddalena” .................................................... 1 1.2 Project to carry out ......................................................................................................... 1 1.3 A.N.A.S ............................................................................................................................ 2 1.4 Variante Demonte case study ......................................................................................... 2 1.5 Building information modeling ....................................................................................... 2 1.5.1BIM introduction ....................................................................................................... 2 1.5.2 BIM around the world .............................................................................................. 4 1.5.3 BIM Dimensions ....................................................................................................... 6 1.5.4 Common Data Environment .................................................................................... 7 1.5.5 Level of information need ........................................................................................ 8 1.5.6 Stages of Maturity .................................................................................................. 10 1.5.7 BIM for Infrastructure ............................................................................................ 12 1.5.8 Interoperability ...................................................................................................... 14 1.6 Software Selection ........................................................................................................ 15 2. METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................... 19 2.1 Organization .................................................................................................................. 19 2.2 Road Modeling .............................................................................................................. 20 2.3 Bridge Modeling ............................................................................................................ 20 2.4 Maintenance plan and BIM collaboration and communication ................................... 21 3. ROAD MODELING ................................................................................................. 25 3.1 Software Chosen ........................................................................................................... 25 3.2 Modeling Procedure ..................................................................................................... 25 3.2.1 Units and zone ....................................................................................................... 25 3.2.2 Surface ................................................................................................................... 25 3.2.3 Alignment ............................................................................................................... 27 3.2.4 Surface Profile ........................................................................................................ 28 3.2.5 Vertical Alignment ................................................................................................. 29 3.2.6 Assembly ................................................................................................................ 30 Table of Contents 3.2.7 Corridor .................................................................................................................. 32 3.2.8 Grading ................................................................................................................... 35 3.2.9 General Surface ...................................................................................................... 36 3.3 Export File ..................................................................................................................... 37 3.4 Chapter discussion ........................................................................................................ 39 4. BRIDGE MODELING .............................................................................................. 43 4.1 Methodology ................................................................................................................. 43 4.2 Rhinoceros 3D and Grasshopper .................................................................................. 43 4.2.1 Software Rhinoceros 3D version 6 ......................................................................... 43 4.2.2 Import Bridge Edges lines ...................................................................................... 44 4.2.3 Grasshopper 3D ..................................................................................................... 44 4.2.3.1 Grasshopper – Tekla live link .......................................................................... 45 4.2.3.2 Parametric Model ........................................................................................... 47 4.3 Software Tekla Structures 2018i ................................................................................... 52 4.3.1 Reference Model .................................................................................................... 53 4.3.2 Customs Components ............................................................................................ 53 4.3.3 Rebar ...................................................................................................................... 55 4.4 Final Result .................................................................................................................... 57 4.5 Export IFC ...................................................................................................................... 58 4.6 Chapter discussion ........................................................................................................ 59 5. MAINTENANCE PLAN - BIM COMMUNICATION ..................................................... 63 5.1 Software chosen ........................................................................................................... 63 5.2 Methodology ................................................................................................................. 64 5.2.1 Create a project ..................................................................................................... 66 5.2.2 Download a workset .............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Luna Moth: Supporting Creativity in the Cloud
    Pedro Alfaiate Instituto Superior Técnico / Luna Moth INESC-ID Inês Caetano Instituto Superior Técnico / INESC-ID Supporting Creativity in the Cloud António Leitão Instituto Superior Técnico / INESC-ID 1 ABSTRACT Algorithmic design allows architects to design using a programming-based approach. Current algo- 1 Migration from desktop application rithmic design environments are based on existing computer-aided design applications or building to the cloud. information modeling applications, such as AutoCAD, Rhinoceros 3D, or Revit, which, due to their complexity, fail to give architects the immediate feedback they need to explore algorithmic design. In addition, they do not address the current trend of moving applications to the cloud to improve their availability. To address these problems, we propose a software architecture for an algorithmic design inte- grated development environment (IDE), based on web technologies, that is more interactive than competing algorithmic design IDEs. Besides providing an intuitive editing interface which facilitates programming tasks for architects, its performance can be an order of magnitude faster than current aalgorithmic design IDEs, thus supporting real-time feedback with more complex algorithmic design programs. Moreover, our solution also allows architects to export the generated model to their preferred computer-aided design applications. This results in an algorithmic design environment that is accessible from any computer, while offering an interactive editing environment that inte- grates into the architect’s workflow. 72 INTRODUCTION programming languages that also support traceability between Throughout the years, computers have been gaining more ground the program and the model: when the user selects a component in the field of architecture. In the beginning, they were only used in the program, the corresponding 3D model components are for creating technical drawings using computer-aided design highlighted.
    [Show full text]
  • The Parametric Façade Optimization in Architecture Through a Synthesis of Design, Analysis and Fabrication
    The Parametric Façade Optimization in Architecture through a Synthesis of Design, Analysis and Fabrication by Peter C. Graham A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Architecture Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2012 © Peter C. Graham 2012 Author’s Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract Modular building systems that use only prefabricated parts, sometimes known as building “kits”, first emerged in the 1830s and 1840s in the form of glass and iron roof systems for urban transportation and distribution centers and multi-storey façade systems. Kit systems are still used widely today in the form of curtain wall assemblies for office and condominium towers, yet in all this time the formal flexibility of these systems (their ability to form complex shapes) has not increased greatly. This is in large part due to the fact that the systems still rely on mass-produced components. This lack of flexibility limits the degree to which these systems can be customized for particular contexts and optimized for such things as daylighting or energy efficiency. Digital design and fabrication tools now allow us to create highly flexible building façade systems that can be customized for different con- texts as well as optimized for particular performance objectives. This thesis develops a prototype for a flexible façade system using parametric modeling tools.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecaade 2021 Towards a New, Configurable Architecture, Volume 1
    eCAADe 2021 Towards a New, Configurable Architecture Volume 1 Editors Vesna Stojaković, Bojan Tepavčević, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences 1st Edition, September 2021 Towards a New, Configurable Architecture - Proceedings of the 39th International Hybrid Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10th September 2021, Volume 1. Edited by Vesna Stojaković and Bojan Tepavčević. Brussels: Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe, Belgium / Novi Sad: Digital Design Center, University of Novi Sad. Legal Depot D/2021/14982/01 ISBN 978-94-91207-22-8 (volume 1), Publisher eCAADe (Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe) ISBN 978-86-6022-358-8 (volume 1), Publisher FTN (Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Serbia) ISSN 2684-1843 Cover Design Vesna Stojaković Printed by: GRID, Faculty of Technical Sciences All rights reserved. Nothing from this publication may be produced, stored in computerised system or published in any form or in any manner, including electronic, mechanical, reprographic or photographic, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authors are responsible for all pictures, contents and copyright-related issues in their own paper(s). ii | eCAADe 39 - Volume 1 eCAADe 2021 Towards a New, Configurable Architecture Volume 1 Proceedings The 39th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe Hybrid Conference 8th-10th September
    [Show full text]
  • Design for Additive Manufacturing: Tool Review and a Case Study
    applied sciences Article Design for Additive Manufacturing: Tool Review and a Case Study Daniel Moreno Nieto 1,* and Daniel Moreno Sánchez 2 1 Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Diseño Industrial, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain 2 Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, IMEYMAT, Campus Río San Pedro, Universidad de Cádiz, PuertoReal, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-676923332 Abstract: This paper aims to collect in a structured manner different computer-aided engineering (CAE) tools especially developed for additive manufacturing (AM) that maximize the capabilities of this technology regarding product development. The flexibility of the AM process allows the manu- facture of highly complex shapes that are not possible to produce by any other existing technology. This fact enables the use of some existing design tools like topology optimization that has already existed for decades and is used in limited cases, together with other novel developments like lattice design tools. These two technologies or design approaches demand a highly flexible manufacturing system to be applied and could not be used before, due to the conventional industrial process limita- tions. In this paper, these technologies will be described and combined together with other generic or specific design tools, introducing the study case of an additive manufactured mechanical design of a bicycle stem. Citation: Moreno Nieto, D.; Moreno Keywords: additive manufacturing; industrial design; fused deposition modeling; parametric design; Sánchez, D. Design for Additive industrial design; CAD computer aided design; topology optimization; lattice design Manufacturing: Tool Review and a Case Study.
    [Show full text]
  • Computational Terrain Modeling with Distance Functions for Large Scale Landscape Design
    222 Full Paper Computational Terrain Modeling with Distance Functions for Large Scale Landscape Design Ilmar Hurkxkens1, Mathias Bernhard2 1ETH Zurich, Chair of Landscape Architecture, Zurich/Switzerland · [email protected] 2ETH Zurich, Digital Building Technologies, Zurich/Switzerland Abstract: The act of reshaping terrain to meet cultural, infrastructural and ecological demands becomes an increasingly important practice with upcoming challenges like sea level rise, landslides, floods and drought. While recent hardware innovation in 3D sensing and autonomous construction machinery has opened up the digital recording and digital fabrication of large-scale topographies (HURKXKENS 2017), 3D modeling of digital terrain is still a complex and time-consuming task. The found geometry of the ground, largely irregular in shape and material constitution, poses serious problems and limitations for an efficient digital workflow today. Based on digital elevation data, this paper demonstrates a powerful computational landform editing tool using 2D distance functions. Keywords: Computational terrain modeling, procedural design, signed distance functions, large scale landscape design, digital fabrication 1 Introduction Most designer-oriented software packages use boundary representations (BReps) in NURBS or mesh surfaces to provide a 3D visual interface to the designer. Using BReps in large scale land- scape design have proven very tedious and difficult to work with. Often a combination of the two is used to create clean-cut topography in NURBS which is embedded in a mesh for the project surroundings (WALLISS & RAHMANN 2016). The digital equivalent of terrain modeling is best described as Boolean operations that tend to be problematic on large NURBS or meshes, quickly reaching the limits of the conventional software packages from Autodesk, Nemetschek or McNeel (MCNEEL 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Papers for the International Journal of Architectural Computing
    Processing Architecture António Leitão, Inês Caetano and Hugo Correia INESC-ID/Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Av. Rovisco Pais, 1 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal [email protected] Abstract Programming promotes creative freedom but might require considerable effort to learn. The Processing language was created to simplify this learning process. Due to its graphical capabilities, the language has become very popular among the electronic arts and design communities. Unfortunately, this popularity could not be extended to the architecture community, which relies on traditional heavyweight CAD and BIM applications that cannot be programmed using Processing. As a result, it becomes difficult for architects to take advantage of Processing. To solve this problem, we propose an implementation of Processing that runs in the context of the most used CAD tools in architecture. Our implementation allows Processing to generate 2D or 3D models that are directly usable for architectural work. To this end, we also propose extensions to the language, including three-dimensional modelling primitives that dramatically simplify the effort needed for developing large and complex architectural models with Processing. 1. INTRODUCTION Programming was originally considered a very specialist activity and not part of a design education [1]. Nowadays, many designers are aware of its potential and want to take advantage of it for many different purposes, including automating repetitive tasks, form finding and optimization [2]. Unfortunately, learning a programming language and the associated programming techniques is far from a trivial task and, thus, requires carefully designed languages and programming environments. In this paper, we focus on one of these languages: Processing.
    [Show full text]
  • Innovations in Building Energy Modeling
    Innovations in Building Energy Modeling Research and Development Opportunities Report for Emerging Technologies November 2020 Innovations in Building Energy Modeling: Research and Development Opportunities Report Disclaimer This work was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or any third party’s use or the results of such use of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof or its contractors or subcontractors. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof, its contractors or subcontractors. ii Innovations in Building Energy Modeling: Research and Development Opportunities Report Acknowledgments Prepared by Amir Roth, Ph.D. Special thanks to the following individuals and groups. Robert Zogg and Emily Cross of Guidehouse (then Navigant Consulting) conducted the interviews, organized the stakeholder workshops, and wrote the first DRAFT BEM Roadmap. Janet Reyna of NREL (then an ORISE Fellow at BTO) provided extensive feedback on the initial DRAFT BEM Roadmap and helped create the organization for the subsequent DRAFT BEM Research and Development Opportunities (RDO) document.
    [Show full text]
  • Immersive Prototyping in Virtual Environments for Industrial Designers Sebastian Stadler, Henriette Cornet, Damien Mazeas, Jean-Rémy Chardonnet, Fritz Frenkler
    ImPro: Immersive Prototyping in Virtual Environments for Industrial Designers Sebastian Stadler, Henriette Cornet, Damien Mazeas, Jean-Rémy Chardonnet, Fritz Frenkler To cite this version: Sebastian Stadler, Henriette Cornet, Damien Mazeas, Jean-Rémy Chardonnet, Fritz Frenkler. ImPro: Immersive Prototyping in Virtual Environments for Industrial Designers. 16th International Design Conference - DESIGN 2020, Oct 2020, Cavtat, Croatia. pp.1375-1384, 10.1017/dsd.2020.81. hal- 02874029 HAL Id: hal-02874029 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02874029 Submitted on 18 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. INTERNATIONAL DESIGN CONFERENCE – DESIGN 2020 https://doi.org/10.1017/dsd.2020.81 IMPRO: IMMERSIVE PROTOTYPING IN VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL DESIGNERS S. Stadler 1, , H. Cornet 1, D. Mazeas 1, J.-R. Chardonnet 2 and F. Frenkler 3 1 TUMCREATE Ltd, Singapore, 2 Arts et Métiers ParisTech, France, 3 Technical University of Munich, Germany [email protected] Abstract Computer-Aided Design (CAD) constitutes an important tool for industrial designers. Similarly, Virtual Reality (VR) has the capability to revolutionize how designers work with its increased sense of scale and perspective. However, existing VR CAD applications are limited in terms of functionality and intuitive control.
    [Show full text]
  • Vlsi Cad Engineering Grace Gao, Principle Engineer, Rambus Inc
    VLSI CAD ENGINEERING GRACE GAO, PRINCIPLE ENGINEER, RAMBUS INC. AUGUST 5, 2017 Agenda • CAD (Computer-Aided Design) ◦ General CAD • CAD innovation over the years (Short Video) ◦ VLSI CAD (EDA) • EDA: Where Electronic Begins (Short Video) • Zoom Into a Microchip (Short Video) • Introduction to Electronic Design Automation ◦ Overview of VLSI Design Cycle ◦ VLSI Manufacturing • Intel: The Making of a Chip with 22nm/3D (Short Video) ◦ EDA Challenges and Future Trend • VLSI CAD Engineering ◦ EDA Vendors and Tools Development ◦ Foundry PDK and IP Reuse ◦ CAD Design Enablement ◦ CAD as Career • Q&A CAD (Computer-Aided Design) General CAD • Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of computer systems (or workstations) to aid in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design CAD innovation over the years (Short Video) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgQD95NhbXk CAD Tools • Commercial • Freeware and open source Autodesk AutoCAD CAD International RealCAD 123D Autodesk Inventor Bricsys BricsCAD LibreCAD Dassault CATIA Dassault SolidWorks FreeCAD Kubotek KeyCreator Siemens NX BRL-CAD Siemens Solid Edge PTC PTC Creo (formerly known as Pro/ENGINEER) OpenSCAD Trimble SketchUp AgiliCity Modelur NanoCAD TurboCAD IronCAD QCad MEDUSA • ProgeCAD CAD Kernels SpaceClaim PunchCAD Parasolid by Siemens Rhinoceros 3D ACIS by Spatial VariCAD VectorWorks ShapeManager by Autodesk Cobalt Gravotech Type3 Open CASCADE RoutCad RoutCad SketchUp C3D by C3D Labs VLSI CAD (EDA) • Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) is the process of creating an integrated circuit (IC) by combining hundreds of thousands of transistors into a single chip. • The design of VLSI circuits is a major challenge. Consequently, it is impossible to solely rely on manual design approaches.
    [Show full text]
  • A Five-Axis Robotic Motion Controller for Designers
    A Five-axis Robotic Motion Controller for Designers ABSTRACT Andrew Payne This paper proposes the use of a new set of software tools, called Firefly, paired Harvard University with a low-cost five-axis robotic motion controller. This serves as a new means for customized tool path creation, realtime evaluation of parametric designs using forward kinematic robotic simulations, and direct output of the programming language (RAPID code) used to control ABB industrial robots. Firefly bridges the gap between Grasshopper, a visual programming editor that runs within the Rhinoceros 3D CAD application, and physical programmable microcontrollers like the Arduino; enabling realtime data flow between the digital and physical worlds. The custom-made robotic motion controller is a portable digitizing arm designed to have the same joint and axis configuration as the ABB-IRB 140 industrial robot, enabling direct conversion of the digitized information into robotic movements. Using this tangible controller and the underlying parametric interface, this paper presents an improved workflow which directly addresses the shortfalls of multifunctional robots and enables wider adoption of the tools by architects and designers. Keywords: robotics, CAD/CAM, firefly, direct fabrication, digitizing arm. 162 ACADIA 2011 _PROCEEDINGS INTEGRATION THROUGH COMPUTATION 1 Introduction There are literally thousands of different applications currently performed by industrial robots. With more than one million multifunctional robots in use worldwide, they have become a standard in automation (Gramazio 2008). The reason for their widespread use lies in their versatility; they have not been optimized for one single task, but can perform a multiplicity of functions. Unlike other computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines - which are task-specific - robots can execute both subtractive and additive routines.
    [Show full text]
  • The Accuracy of Digital Face Scans Obtained from 3D Scanners: an in Vitro Study
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article The Accuracy of Digital Face Scans Obtained from 3D Scanners: An In Vitro Study Pokpong Amornvit and Sasiwimol Sanohkan * Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 16 November 2019; Accepted: 5 December 2019; Published: 12 December 2019 Abstract: Face scanners promise wide applications in medicine and dentistry, including facial recognition, capturing facial emotions, facial cosmetic planning and surgery, and maxillofacial rehabilitation. Higher accuracy improves the quality of the data recorded from the face scanner, which ultimately, will improve the outcome. Although there are various face scanners available on the market, there is no evidence of a suitable face scanner for practical applications. The aim of this in vitro study was to analyze the face scans obtained from four scanners; EinScan Pro (EP), EinScan Pro 2X Plus (EP+) (Shining 3D Tech. Co., Ltd. Hangzhou, China), iPhone X (IPX) (Apple Store, Cupertino, CA, USA), and Planmeca ProMax 3D Mid (PM) (Planmeca USA, Inc. IL, USA), and to compare scans obtained from various scanners with the control (measured from Vernier caliper). This should help to identify the appropriate scanner for face scanning. A master face model was created and printed from polylactic acid using the resolution of 200 microns on x, y, and z axes and designed in Rhinoceros 3D modeling software (Rhino, Robert McNeel and Associates for Windows, Washington DC, USA). The face models were 3D scanned with four scanners, five times, according to the manufacturer’s recommendations; EinScan Pro (Shining 3D Tech.
    [Show full text]
  • Parametric Modeling for Form-Based Planning in Dense Urban Environments
    sustainability Article Parametric Modeling for Form-Based Planning in Dense Urban Environments Yingyi Zhang 1 and Chang Liu 2,* 1 School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; [email protected] 2 Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-189-4308-1577 Received: 29 August 2019; Accepted: 10 October 2019; Published: 14 October 2019 Abstract: Parametric instruments are employed broadly across the building industry. The study of applying parametric techniques to sustainable form-based planning, however, remains insufficient. This paper therefore critically assesses parametric techniques for facilitating form-based planning in an urban environment. The analysis is to twofold: Can a parametric technique truly enhance the form-based planning process more effectively than existing planning processes? and By what means can form-based planning layouts derived from parametric techniques be appraised? Methodologies include a case study in Hong Kong, quantitative and qualitative analysis, and experimental modeling on parametric platforms. Results indicate that the urban forms can be visualized in real-time during planning processes with a parametric coding system. Existing planning processes do not benefit from real-time visualization, but these alone do not necessarily result in more rational planning layouts. Parametric techniques produce visual models effectively but are not a planning panacea. Findings include a criticism of parametric techniques and pertinent instruments in urban projects, as well as valuable insights for the study of complex form-based planning in dense urban socio-environments. Keywords: parametric modeling; form-based planning; simulation; dense urban environment 1.
    [Show full text]