DOCSLIB.ORG

The Parametric Façade Optimization in Architecture Through a Synthesis of Design, Analysis and Fabrication

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Parametric Façade Optimization in Architecture Through a Synthesis of Design, Analysis and Fabrication The Parametric Façade Optimization in Architecture through a Synthesis of Design, Analysis and Fabrication by Peter C. Graham A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Architecture Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2012 © Peter C. Graham 2012 Author’s Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract Modular building systems that use only prefabricated parts, sometimes known as building “kits”, first emerged in the 1830s and 1840s in the form of glass and iron roof systems for urban transportation and distribution centers and multi-storey façade systems. Kit systems are still used widely today in the form of curtain wall assemblies for office and condominium towers, yet in all this time the formal flexibility of these systems (their ability to form complex shapes) has not increased greatly. This is in large part due to the fact that the systems still rely on mass-produced components. This lack of flexibility limits the degree to which these systems can be customized for particular contexts and optimized for such things as daylighting or energy efficiency. Digital design and fabrication tools now allow us to create highly flexible building façade systems that can be customized for different con- texts as well as optimized for particular performance objectives. This thesis develops a prototype for a flexible façade system using parametric modeling tools. The first part of the thesis looks at how parametric modeling can be used to facilitate building customization and optimization by integrating the acts of design, analysis, fabrication and construction. The second part of the thesis presents the façade system prototype and documents key aspects of its development. The façade system is modeled in Grasshopper 3D, a para- metric modeling plug-in for Rhinoceros 3D. The model has built-in analysis tools to help the user optimize the façade for daylighting, energy efficiency, or views within any given context, as well as tools that alert the designer when fabrication or construction constraints are being violated. iii Acknowledgements I’d like to thank my thesis supervisor Marie-Paule MacDonald for her guid- ance and patience, and for helping me focus my efforts. I’d also like to thank my committee members Terri Meyer Boake and Mark Cichy for their helpful feedback and advice. Additional thanks go to Tim Verhey and the people at Walters Inc. for giving me a very interesting and valuable tour of their fabri- cation facilities. Finally, I’d like to thank my father and my brother for their unwavering support over the years. iv Table of Contents Author’s Declaration.................................................................................. ii 4. Using the Parametric Model...........................................................55 Abstract..................................................................................................... iii 4.1 Façade System Configurations..................................................55 Acknowledgments..................................................................................... iv 4.2 Façade System Limitations and Constraints..............................56 List of Illustrations.....................................................................................vi 4.3 Creating a Façade from scratch.................................................61 4.4 Statistics Reporting.................................................................. 71 1. Introduction...........................................................................................1 4.5 View Optimization.....................................................................72 4.6 Daylighting Optimization..........................................................76 2. Towards Optimization in Architecture............................................... 5 4.7 Optimizing Solar Panels and the Building Envelope................79 2.1 From Mass-Production to Digital Design and Fabrication.............5 2.2 Flexibility, Integration, and Feedback Loops.................................13 5. The Modeling Process.................................................................... 81 2.3 Optimization through Parametric Design......................................19 6. Conclusions..................................................................................... 98 3. Prototype Façade System and Parametric Model..............................24 3.1 Design Objectives and Overview....................................................24 Appendix A: Model Inputs, Parameters, and Statistics........................104 3.2 Choice of Software.........................................................................26 Appendix B: Explorations in Generative Components 3.3 Model Schematic Structure.............................................................26 and Digital Project.................................................................................136 3.4 Model Inputs, Constraints and Behavior.......................................27 Appendix C: Bugs and Idiosyncrasies in the Model..........................141 3.5 Façade System Construction.........................................................27 Endnotes................................................................................................142 3.6 Key Model Parameters..................................................................43 Bibliography..........................................................................................144 3.7 Analysis Tools and Modes.............................................................47 3.8 Model Statistics.............................................................................52 3.9 Model Utilities...............................................................................53 v List of Illustrations Fig. Section / Description Page Fig. Section / Description Page Section 1 2.1-5 Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret: L’Esprit Nouveau 7 Pavilion 1-1 Formal flexibility of façade system 1 Source: Ibid., 142. Source: author 8 2.1-6 Ernst May and C.H Rudloff: Bruchfeldstrasse Estate 1-2 Panel types and panel interchangeability 1 Source: Frampton,138. Source: author 2.1-7 Gehry Partners: prototype wall for Disney Concert Hall 8 1-3 Façade view evaluation mode and daylight analysis mode 2 Source: Branco Kolaravic, Architecture in the Digital Age: Source: author Design and Manufacturing, 106. 1-4 Façade system panel installation 2 Enrico Dini: masonry “printing” machine Source: author Source: http://www.tomsguide.com/us/3d-printer-cathedral- moon-house,news-6124.html, accessed, December 30, 2011. 1-5 Façade system component parts 2 Source: author 2.1-8 Zaha Hadid: Finite Element Analysis of Phaeno Science 9 Center 1-6 Partial viewing of the façade 3 Source: David Littlefield,Space Craft: Developments in Source: author Architectural Computing, 37. Section 2.1 Foster Partners: Solar analysis of GLA City Hall Source: Kolarevic, 86. 2.1-1 Joseph Paxton’s Crystal Palace 5 Source: Kenneth Frampton, Modern Architecture: A Critical KPF: Wind analysis of “The Pinacle” History, 34. Source: Littlefield, 10. 2.1-2 P. Fontaine: Galerie D’Orleans 5 2.1-9 Gehry Partners: Zollhof Towers 9 Source: Ibid., 33. Source: Kolarevic, 108 2.1-3 Mies van der Rohe: Seagram’s Tower 6 2.1-10 Gehry Partners: Experience Music Project 9 Source: Ibid., 237. Source: Daniel L. Shodek, Digital Design and Manufacturing: CAD, 58 (first two images); Kolarevic,116 (third image). 2.1-4 Victor Horta: Hotel van Eetvelde 7 Source: Alan Colquhoun: Modern Architecture,13. vi Fig. Section / Description Page Fig. Section / Description Page 2.1-11 Chandler Ahrens, Eran Neuman, and Aaron Sprecher: 10 2.2-7 Managing assembly complexity with modules 16 “Ecoscape” Source: Stephen Kieran and James Timberlake, Refabricating Source: Philip Beesley et al., Fabrication : Examining the Architecture: How Manufacturing Technologies are Poised to Digital Practice of Architecture : Proceedings of the 2004 AIA, Transform Building Construction, 96. 366. 2.2-8 Peter Cook and Colin Fournier: Kunsthaus, Graz 16 2.1-12 AA Component Membrane 10 Source: André Chaszar, Blurring the Lines: Architecture in Source: Branko Kolarevic and Kevin R. Klinger, Practice, 173; 179. Manufactruing Material Effects: Rethinking Design and Making in Architecture, p.205 2.2-9 Gehry Partners: MIT Stata Center 17 Source: ACADIA 2004 and DDM p?? 2.1-13 OSD Structural Design / Hausmarke Design: bus station 11 Source: Littlefield, 93. Section 2.3 19 2.1-14 HOK: Royal London Hospital 11 2.3-1 Topological sort Source: Littlefield, 184-185 Source: Robert Woodbury, Elements of Parametric Design, 15. Section 2.2 2.3-2 Feedback loops in the parametric design process 19 Source: author 2.2-1 Carmen McKee and Fuyuan Su: “Striations” 13 Source: Kolarevic and Klinger, 124. 2.3-3 Static Eiegenvalue Analysis 20 Source: Beesley et al., 131. 2.2-2 Steffen Reichert: “Responsive Surface Structure” 13 Source: ACADIA 2009 pp.71-73 2.3-4 Geometry Gym plugin for Rhino 20 Source: http://www.designspotter.com/profile/Torsten-Plate. 2.2-3 James Timberlake: SmartWrap Pavilion 14 html#, accessed December 30, 2011. Source: ACADIA 2004 p.48 2.3-5 Bolt inaccessibility warning mechanism 20 2.2-4 Grimshaw Architects: Fashion and Design Events Building 14 Source: author Source:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ecaade 2021 Towards a New, Configurable Architecture, Volume 1
    eCAADe 2021 Towards a New, Configurable Architecture Volume 1 Editors Vesna Stojaković, Bojan Tepavčević, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences 1st Edition, September 2021 Towards a New, Configurable Architecture - Proceedings of the 39th International Hybrid Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10th September 2021, Volume 1. Edited by Vesna Stojaković and Bojan Tepavčević. Brussels: Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe, Belgium / Novi Sad: Digital Design Center, University of Novi Sad. Legal Depot D/2021/14982/01 ISBN 978-94-91207-22-8 (volume 1), Publisher eCAADe (Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe) ISBN 978-86-6022-358-8 (volume 1), Publisher FTN (Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Serbia) ISSN 2684-1843 Cover Design Vesna Stojaković Printed by: GRID, Faculty of Technical Sciences All rights reserved. Nothing from this publication may be produced, stored in computerised system or published in any form or in any manner, including electronic, mechanical, reprographic or photographic, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authors are responsible for all pictures, contents and copyright-related issues in their own paper(s). ii | eCAADe 39 - Volume 1 eCAADe 2021 Towards a New, Configurable Architecture Volume 1 Proceedings The 39th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe Hybrid Conference 8th-10th September
    [Show full text]
  • Innovations in Building Energy Modeling
    Innovations in Building Energy Modeling Research and Development Opportunities Report for Emerging Technologies November 2020 Innovations in Building Energy Modeling: Research and Development Opportunities Report Disclaimer This work was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or any third party’s use or the results of such use of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof or its contractors or subcontractors. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof, its contractors or subcontractors. ii Innovations in Building Energy Modeling: Research and Development Opportunities Report Acknowledgments Prepared by Amir Roth, Ph.D. Special thanks to the following individuals and groups. Robert Zogg and Emily Cross of Guidehouse (then Navigant Consulting) conducted the interviews, organized the stakeholder workshops, and wrote the first DRAFT BEM Roadmap. Janet Reyna of NREL (then an ORISE Fellow at BTO) provided extensive feedback on the initial DRAFT BEM Roadmap and helped create the organization for the subsequent DRAFT BEM Research and Development Opportunities (RDO) document.
    [Show full text]
  • Parametric Modeling for Form-Based Planning in Dense Urban Environments
    sustainability Article Parametric Modeling for Form-Based Planning in Dense Urban Environments Yingyi Zhang 1 and Chang Liu 2,* 1 School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; [email protected] 2 Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-189-4308-1577 Received: 29 August 2019; Accepted: 10 October 2019; Published: 14 October 2019 Abstract: Parametric instruments are employed broadly across the building industry. The study of applying parametric techniques to sustainable form-based planning, however, remains insufficient. This paper therefore critically assesses parametric techniques for facilitating form-based planning in an urban environment. The analysis is to twofold: Can a parametric technique truly enhance the form-based planning process more effectively than existing planning processes? and By what means can form-based planning layouts derived from parametric techniques be appraised? Methodologies include a case study in Hong Kong, quantitative and qualitative analysis, and experimental modeling on parametric platforms. Results indicate that the urban forms can be visualized in real-time during planning processes with a parametric coding system. Existing planning processes do not benefit from real-time visualization, but these alone do not necessarily result in more rational planning layouts. Parametric techniques produce visual models effectively but are not a planning panacea. Findings include a criticism of parametric techniques and pertinent instruments in urban projects, as well as valuable insights for the study of complex form-based planning in dense urban socio-environments. Keywords: parametric modeling; form-based planning; simulation; dense urban environment 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Generative Design for Building Information Modelling 1 Introduction
    Generative Design for Building Information Modelling Bruno B. Ferreira Instituto Superior T´ecnico,Universidade de Lisboa [email protected] http://tecnico.ulisboa.pt/ Abstract. Generative Design (GD) is a programming-based approach for Architecture that is becoming increasingly popular amongst archi- tects. However, most Generative Design approaches were thought for traditional Computer Aided Design (CAD) tools and are not adequate for the recent Building Information Modelling (BIM) paradigm. This pa- per proposes a solution that extends Generative Design so that it can be used with BIM while preserving and taking advantage of BIM ideas. The solution will be evaluated by developing a connection between Revit, a well-known BIM tool, and Rosetta, a programming environment for GD, and by implementing the necessary programming language features that allows GD to be used in the context of BIM tool. Keywords: BIM; Revit; Racket; Programming Languages; Generative Design; Rosetta 1 Introduction Throughout the years, architects have used different tools to perform their job. In the beginning, they used simple ones like pen and paper, but as the scale and requisites of the buildings changed, the paper-based approach showed its limitations, such as the need to redraw an entire model to correct a mistake. With the advent of information technology, the computer proved to be a great aid for architects and this led to the development of a new and more powerful tool: Computer Aided Design (CAD). CAD applications increased the efficiency of the design activities and allowed architects to produce more accurate and precise drawings that could be more easily edited without the need of manually erasing and redrawing parts of the original design [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Self-Organizing Maps for Intuitive Gesture-Based Geometric Modelling in Augmented Reality
    2018 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality (AIVR) Self-Organizing Maps for Intuitive Gesture-Based Geometric Modelling in Augmented Reality Benjamin Felbrich, Achim Menges Gwyllim Jahn, Cameron Newnham Institute for Computational Design and Construction Fologram University of Stuttgart Melbourne, Australia Stuttgart, Germany [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—Modelling three-dimensional virtual objects in the creative process still largely depends on the classic workflow: context of architectural, product and game design requires coarse prototypes are being drafted through hand drawn elaborate skill in handling the respective CAD software and is sketches, then formalized in rough digital 3D models, and often tedious. We explore the potentials of Kohonen networks, instantiated in the real world through models made from clay, also called self-organizing maps (SOM) as a concept for intuitive foam or cardboard to give a realistic impression of the object. 3D modelling aided through mixed reality. We effectively This process is repeated and refined, until the design task is provide a computational “clay” that can be pulled, pushed and considered complete and further production planning can take shaped by picking and placing control objects with an place. In the reverse manner, an object modelled in clay can augmented reality headset. Our approach benefits from be digitized through 3D scanning. combining state of the art CAD software with GPU computation The work at hand aims to provide an alternative to this and mixed reality hardware as well as the introduction of custom SOM network topologies and arbitrary data time and material-consuming approach by transferring the dimensionality.
    [Show full text]
  • Elisava Insights
    Elisava Insights 75 Challenges Faced by Humans and the Planet An Innovation Report by Elisava Research Elisava Research 01. Foreword 04 Table of 02. Insights 08 Contents Human 10 Information 42 Materials 80 Technology 128 Society 162 03. Dialogues 210 04. Overview 240 05. Experts 264 06. References 254 01. Hello. Foreword We are a team of design and engineering university researchers. Our role is to generate and transfer knowledge to inspire, educate, instigate change and shake the system. We act as a blend of a research-driven studio, a creative think & do tank, and a research training programme. We deliver academic excellence, strategic resilience, quality engagement and creative attitudes. Design and engineering research are transdisciplinary agents for innovation, and more than ever creativity is a driver for purposeful transformation. We understand the design and engineering disciplines not only as research fields in their own right, but also as being intrinsically in dialogue with other areas of knowledge, that we have appointed as Human, Information, Materials, Technology and Society. The interaction between design and engineering and these knowledge areas can make an impact in the following ways: Design/Engineering + Human Design/Engineering + Technology Towards improving the quality of life Towards meaningful applications and integral well-being of individuals. of technology and extended intelligence. Design/Engineering + Information Towards innovative and meaningful Design/Engineering + Society ways of communicating. Towards
    [Show full text]
  • Building Structures in Cooperation with Architects
    MASTER OF SCIENCE THESIS STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN 2016 building structures in cooperation with architects Usage and evaluation of structural plug-ins in 3D visualisation software DANIEL WALLIN MARTIN WASBERG KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT Parametric design of building structures in cooperation with architects - Usage and evaluation of structural plug-ins in 3D visualisation software Daniel Wallin and Martin Wasberg TRITA-BKN. Master Thesis 494, Concrete Structures, June 2016 ISSN 1103-4297, ISRN KTH/BKN/EX–494–SE c Martin Wasberg and Daniel Wallin 2016 Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering Division of Concrete Structures Stockholm, Sweden, 2016 Abstract Architectural and structural design process are closely connected but traditionally done in two separate steps in the design process. This requires effective coordination between the two disciplines and without the right tools problems often arise. The thesis was done by support from structural engineers at Tyréns and in collaboration with a student from the department of architecture. The aim of the thesis was to investigate if the use of parametric design tools from both architects and structural engineers could be a way of making the design process more effective. This thesis also include test the structural plug-ins of the parametric design tools and compare them with the outputs from traditional structural software and hand calculations. The comparison was made for different cases followed by a collaboration project. The cases was targeting different structural features which in turn gave the knowledge needed to develop the collaboration project. The case studies consists of five cases where the first two gives an introduction to parametric modelling.
    [Show full text]
  • Virtual Environments As Medium for Laypeople's Communication And
    Virtual Environments as Medium for Laypeople’s Communication and Collaboration in Urban Design A thesis submitted to the Wellington School of Architecture, Victoria University of Wellington by Shuva Chowdhury M. Arch (Mackintosh, GL, UK), M. Arch (BCN, Spain), B.Arch (DHK, BD) August 2020 PhD Candidate Shuva Chowdhury Wellington School of Architecture Victoria University of Wellington Wellington, New Zealand [email protected] Architectural Tutor (Lecturer) Southern Institute of Technology Invercargill, New Zealand [email protected] Primary Supervisor Prof Marc Aurel Schnabel Wellington School of Architecture Victoria University of Wellington Wellington, New Zealand [email protected] Secondary Supervisor Dr Rebecca Kiddle Wellington School of Architecture Victoria University of Wellington Wellington, New Zealand [email protected] Abstract The distance between urban design processes and outcomes and their communication to stakeholders and citizens are often significant. Urban designers use a variety of tools to bridge this gap. Each tool often places high demands on the audience, and each through inherent characteristics and affordances, introduces possible failures to understand the design ideas, thus imposing a divergence between the ideas, their communication and the understandings. Urban design is a hugely complex activity influenced by numerous factors. The design exploration process may follow established design traditions. In all instances, the medium in which the exploration takes place affects the understanding by laypeople. Design tools are chosen, in part, to facilitate the design process. Most urban design community engagement does not use Virtual Environments (VE) as a means of communication and participation in the early stage of the design generation.
    [Show full text]
  • Parametric Craft Techniques Design Methodology for Building on Embodied Cultural Knowledge
    PARAMETRIC CRAFT TECHNIQUES DESIGN METHODOLOGY FOR BUILDING ON EMBODIED CULTURAL KNOWLEDGE Lisa Marks Berea College [email protected] 1. CRAFTS AND DESIGN; A FORK IN THE ROAD Throughout history and across the world, crafts have drawn inspiration from the beauty of nature and mathematics. Complex, algorithmic patterns can be seen across disciplines from Islamic geometric tiles to Nicaraguan pottery to the architectural forms of Gaudi. While these natural, mathematical forms have inspired embodied skills in countless unique cultures, many of these crafts face extinction as globalization and digital prototyping take our focus away from the handcrafts that have been passed down through the generations. Simultaneously, designers are embracing algorithmic and generative designs across disciplines. Starting with architecture and now progressing into industrial design, parametric tools are making visual scripting accessible to all, creating a barrage of visually noisy artifacts with little design basis as we learn what these tools are truly capable of. This raises the question: can design use modern, advanced parametrics that allow direct engagement with mathematics to highlight the many skill-based crafts that are in danger of fading away? It is the position of this paper that the celebration of handcraft and ability to merge it with future-facing, generative tools can create greater awareness and connoisseurship, increasing the value placed on historical craft and knowledge embodied in parametric designs. 2. CAD AND CRAFT With the advent of CAD (computer-aided design) programs, starting with Sutherlands Sketchpad in 1963, modeling and representing ideas digitally has become an invaluable tool for design across the board. The invention of AutoCAD in 1982, for example, meant that, instead of redrawing a blueprint to change a feature, one could simply move it in the program and re-export it.
    [Show full text]
  • Parametrisk Design
    PARAMETRISK DESIGN DANIEL ANDERSSON EXAMENSARBETE 2008 BYGGNADSUTFORMNING PARAMETRISK DESIGN PARAMETRIC DESIGN DANIEL ANDERSSON Detta examensarbete är utfört vid Tekniska Högskolan i Jönköping inom ämnesområdet byggnadsteknik. Arbetet är ett led i magisterutbildningen i Byggnadsutformning med Arkitektur. Författarna svarar själva för framförda åsikter, slutsatser och resultat. Handledare: Göran Hellborg Omfattning: 15 poäng (D-nivå) Datum: 2009-05-21 Arkiveringsnummer: Postadress: Besöksadress: Telefon: Box 1026 Gjuterigatan 5 036-10 10 00 (vx) 551 11 Jönköping Abstract ABSTRACT Tools of parametric design has during recent years given architects free hands in designing structures. New tools are making it possible to create such complex structures that before was not possible to complete in means of project economy and profitable production. This paper describes how the tool can be used in preliminary stages all the way threw being used to create physical models and how to slice up the structure in modules to pass further into getting production prints. Simultaneously with this paper I will create a proposal for a vision for an area under development in central Gothenburg, Sweden were environmental as well as aesthetics will control how the structure will be shaped threw a parametric design tool. 1 Abstract SAMMANFATTNING Under senare år har parametriska designverktyg rotat sig in på arkitektkontoren och gett arkitekter friare händer att designa sina konstruktioner. Dessa verktyg gör det möjligt att skapa komplexa konstruktioner som tidigare inte var möjliga då det inte fanns ekonomisk och produktionsmässig vinning i processen. Denna rapport beskriver hur verktyget kan användas i tidiga stadier av projekt och vidare till att skapa fysiska modeller och sedan hur man tar modellen till att underlag för produktionsritningar.
    [Show full text]
  • Politecnico Di Torino
    POLITECNICO DI TORINO Master of Science in Civil Engineering Thesis InfraBIM and Interoperability: Maintenance Plan implementation and BIM communication A BIM Methodology Approach for SS 21- Colle della Maddalena: Variante di Demonte, Perdioni Bridge. PAULINA TOVO Supervisors prof. Anna Osello Eng. Francesco Semeraro July 2019 Abstract ABSTRACT To assist the designer during the different design stages, plenty of technological advances have occurred in computer science during the past years. BIM methodology is primarily consolidated in the building sector, however is having a great incidence in the civil engineering environment improving the process constantly. The project is a concrete application of BIM methodology focused on the implementation of Maintenance Plan and on a collaborative work. The thesis development was based on Variante di Demonte project, which is a real case that it has not yet been built. The main goal of the thesis is the implementation of the viaduct maintenance program using BIM procedure and to investigate how work in a collaborative way with the software selected. The paper is divided into different parts that clearly describe the methodology utilized. Through the application of several software, a 4D bridge model will be obtained. The first part consists in a description of the case study (Variante di Demonte project) and in a theorical research about BIM characteristics and its implementation, with the objective of providing an initial overview of the BIM methodology. The second part includes an explanation of the steps that have been followed for the road context modelling, the result has been used as a base to locate the bridge structure.
    [Show full text]
  • Metadefender Core V4.11.1
    MetaDefender Core v4.11.1 © 2018 OPSWAT, Inc. All rights reserved. OPSWAT®, MetadefenderTM and the OPSWAT logo are trademarks of OPSWAT, Inc. All other trademarks, trade names, service marks, service names, and images mentioned and/or used herein belong to their respective owners. Table of Contents About This Guide 13 Key Features of Metadefender Core 14 1. Quick Start with Metadefender Core 15 1.1. Installation 15 Operating system invariant initial steps 15 Basic setup 16 1.1.1. Configuration wizard 16 1.2. License Activation 22 1.3. Scan Files with Metadefender Core 22 2. Installing or Upgrading Metadefender Core 23 2.1. Recommended System Requirements 23 System Requirements For Server 23 Browser Requirements for the Metadefender Core Management Console 25 2.2. Installing Metadefender 26 Installation 26 Installation notes 26 2.2.1. Installing Metadefender Core using command line 26 2.2.2. Installing Metadefender Core using the Install Wizard 28 2.3. Upgrading MetaDefender Core 28 Upgrading from MetaDefender Core 3.x 28 Upgrading from MetaDefender Core 4.x 28 2.4. Metadefender Core Licensing 29 2.4.1. Activating Metadefender Licenses 29 2.4.2. Checking Your Metadefender Core License 35 2.5. Performance and Load Estimation 36 What to know before reading the results: Some factors that affect performance 36 How test results are calculated 37 Test Reports 37 Performance Report - Multi-Scanning On Linux 37 Performance Report - Multi-Scanning On Windows 41 2.6. Special installation options 46 Use RAMDISK for the tempdirectory 46 3. Configuring Metadefender Core 50 3.1. Management Console 50 3.2.
    [Show full text]