Journal on New Biological Reports 1(1): 12-16(2012)
New Records of Dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata: Anisoptera) From Chhatarpur District, Bundelkhand, Madhya Pradesh, India with Their Conservation Status and Distribution
Akhlaq Husain*, Hishmi Jamil Husain** and Gaurav Sharma*** *(formerly associated with Zoological Survey of India) 41, Hari Vihar, Vijay Park, Dehra Dun– 248 001. **Rio Tinto, 3rd Floor, The Capital Court, Munirka, New Delhi-110 067. ***Zoological Survey of India, 535, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053.
(Received on: 4 May, 2012; accepted on: 28 June, 2012)
ABSTRACT
The present communication deals with the dragonflies of Chhatarpur district, Bundelkhand Division, Madhya Pradesh (India), all of which are the new records for the district and some to the Division. Interestingly, some of these species are found common both with western (Gulf and around) and south-east Asian countries. Further, as regards their conservation status, none of these species is ‘Threatened’ under IUCN Red List.
Key Words: New Records, Dragonflies, Bundelkhand, Conservation
INTRODUCTION
The Odonate fauna of Madhya Pradesh State 1. Orthetrum pruinosum neglectum (Rambur, (Central India) and around has attracted the 1842) attention of various workers during the past (Mitra, Crimson-tailed Marsh Hawk 1988, 1995; Srivastava & Suri Babu, 1997; Suri Libellula neglecta Rambur, 1842. Ins. Nevrop.: 86 Babu & Srivastava, 2001; Mishra, 2007; Prasad, Libellula petalura Brauer, 1865.Verh. zool.-bot. 1966; Prasad & Mishra, 2008; Tiple et al., 2008; Ges. Wien, 15: 506. Tiple et al., 2012) but no record from Chhatarpur Libellula pruinosum Brauer, 1865. Verh. Zool.-bot. district in Bundelkhand Division is available. In the Ges. Wien, 15: 1013 present communication an attempt has been made Orthoterum pruinosum, Kirby, 1886. Proc. Zool. to study and identify dragonflies (Anisopterans) of Soc. Lond., 24: 554. Chhatarpur district, based on photographs provided Orthoterum petalura, Kirby, 1890. Cat. Odon.: 39. by one of the authors (HJH). Libella pruinosa clelia Selys, 1891. Ann. Mus. Civ. These belong to six species, six genera Genova, 30: 461. under a single family (Libellulidae) and recorded Orthetrum pruinosum ceylanicum Forster, 1903. here for the first time from the district and out of Ann. Mus. Hungar: 541. these four species viz. Orthetrum pruinosum Orthoterum schneideri Forster, 1903. Ann. Mus. neglectum, Potamarcha congener, Diplacodes Hungar: 541. trivialis and Trithemis aurora are new to the Orthetrum pruinosum neglectum, Ris, 1909. Cat. Division. Fortunately, none of these species is Coll. Selys. fasc., 9: 181, 293, 240; Fraser, 1936. Threatened and all fall under ‘Least Concern’ of Faun. Brit. India Odonata., 3: 311-312; Mishra, ‘Low Risk Category’ of IUCN Red List. 2007. Fauna of Madhya Pradesh (including Systematic account with conservation status and Chhatisgarh), State Fauna Series, 15 (part-1): 259, distribution 271 (Raigarh and Sarguja districts); Prasad & Order: Odonata Fabricius, 1793 Mishra, 2008. Faunal Diversity of Jabalpur District, Suborder: Epiprocta Lohmann, 1996 Madhya Pradesh, ZSI Publi.: 78, 85-86 (Jabalpur + Infraorder: Anisoptera Selys, 1854 Seoni and Umaria dists.). Family: Libellulidae Rambur, 1842 Conservation Status: IUCN Red List: Least Subfamily: Libellulinae Concern (as Orthetrum pruinosum) (Sharma, Genus: Orthetrum Newman, 1833 2010). ______Material Examined: 1 ex., Chhatarpur district, Correspondence: Bundelkhand Division, Madhya Pradesh. Emails:*[email protected] Diagnostic Features: Robust species with unique **[email protected] violet abdomen; wings hyaline enfumed with pale- ***[email protected] brown toward apices in aged adults and basal marking extending distalwards in hind wing, pterostigma reddish-brown to black over two cells.
12 Male: Frons dark brown to black; prothorax and Diagnostic Features: Labrum yellowish with black thorax reddish-brown to dull purple Basal marking margin; face and frons olivaceous-yellow; in hind wing reddish-brown protothorax dark brown, thorax blackish; wing Female: Frons pale olivaceous-brown; thorax apices tipped brown, pterostigma reddish-brown, reddish brown or dull ochreous with a faint brown extending on 2-4 cells, anal appendage black. stripe on each side of dorsum; basal marking in Distribution: hind wing paler and almost obsolete. Chhatarpur District: New record. Distribution: Bundelkhand Division: New record. Chhatarpur District: New record. Madhya Pradesh: As above and Jabalpur, Seoni Bundelkhand Division: New record. and Umairia districts. Madhya Pradesh: As above and Jabalpur, Seoni India: Throughout. Andaman Islands, Andhra and Umeria districts. Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhatigarh, Goa, Himachal India: Throughout. Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu (Ooty, Nilgiris dist.), Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Uttarakhand. Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Uttar Elsewhere: China, Hong Kong, Indochina, Pradesh and West Bengal. Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Elsewhere: Australia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Taiwan, Thailand and Tibet. China (including Taiwan, Tibet), Hong Kong, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, China (including Taiwan, Tibet)), Hong Kong, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Indonesia, Japan, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Lanka, Thailand and Viet Nam. Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand Remarks: Species name congener (Rambur, 1842: and Viet Nam. 70) instead of obscura (Rambur, 1842: 64) has Remarks: Aside from nominate subspecies, three been followed here followed after Prasad and subspecies are recognized: Varshney (1995), Martin & Dennis (2012), Mishra O. pruinosum neglectum: widespread in mainland (2007), Subramanian (2005, 2009) and other Asia and is followed here. literature. O. pruinosum schneideri (likely to be a junior Subfamily: Sympetrinae synonym of O. pruinosum clelia which is likely to Genus: Bradinopyga Kirby, 1893 be a separate species): occurs in Malay Peninsula 3. Bradinopyga geminata (Rambur, 1842) and Borneo. Granite Ghost/ Indian Rock-dweller O. pruinosum clelia: occurs in Philippines and Libellula geminata Rambur, 1842. Ins. Neurop: 90. Taiwan (China) (where O. pruinosum neglectum Trithemis geminata, Brauer, 1868. Verh. Zool.-bot. also found). Ges. Wien, 18: 736. O. pruinosum migratum: some times recognized Bradinopyga stigmata Kirby, 1890. J. Linn. Soc., but is considered to be a separate species (O. Zool., 24: 553. migratum). Bradinopyga geminata, Ris, 1911. Cat. Coll. Selys, Genus: Potamarcha Karsch, 1890 fasc., 13: 545, 548, fig. 324; 2. Potamarcha congener (Rambur, 1842) Fraser, 1919. J. Bombay nat Hist. Soc., 26: 514-15; Yellow-tailed Ashy Skimmer Fraser, 1936. Faun. Brit. India Odonata, 3: 349- Libellula obscura Rambur, 1842. Ins. Nevrop.: 64. 350; Mishra, 2007. Fauna of Madhya Pradesh Libellula congener Rambur, 1842. Ins. Nevrop.: (including Chhatisgarh), State Fauna Series, 15 70. (part-1): 266, 271 (Chhindwara, Datia, Gwalior and Orthoterum obscurum, Kirby, 1890. Cat. Odon.: Morena districts); Prasad & Mishra, 2008. Faunal 38. Diversity of Jabalpur District, Madhya Pradesh, Potamarcha obscura, Fraser, 1936. Faun. Brit. ZSI Publi.: 78, 87 (Jabalpur + Chhindwara, Datia, India Odonata. 3: 289-291. Gwalior and Morena dists.). Potamarcha congener, Prasad & Varsheny, 1995. Conservation Status: IUCN Red List: Least Oriental Insects, 29: 410; Mishra, 2007. Fauna of Concern (Mitra, 2010). Madhya Pradesh (including Chhatisgarh), State Material Examined: 1 ex., Chhatarpur district, Fauna Series, 15 (Part-1), ZSI Publi.: 261 Bundelkhand Divisin, Madhya Pradesh. (Ambikapur and Gwalior); Prasad & Mishra, 2008. Diagnostic Features: Medium-sized grey Faunal Diversity of Jabalpur District, Madhya dragonfly with black and white markings. Pradesh, ZSI Publi.: 78, 85-86 (Jabalpur + Seoni Male: Eyes brownish above, grayish below; thorax and Umaria dists.). grey, marbled and peppered with black and lighter Conservation Status: IUCN Red List: Least grey; abdomen abdomen with 5 light-grayish Concern (Mitra, 2010). bands; wings transparent, pterostigma black in Material Examined: 2 exs. From Chhatarpur centre and white at both ends; anal appendage pale district, Bundelkhand, Madhya Pradesh. creamy-white.
13 Sexual Dimorphism: Anal appendage half as long India: Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Andhra in female than that of male. Pradesh (Hyderabad), Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Distribution: Chandigarh, Chhatisgarh (Sarguja (Ambikapur) Chhatarpur District: New record. and Raigarh dists.), Delhi, Himachal Pradsh, Bundelkhand Division: As above (new record) Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Manipur, and Datia district. Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh: As above and Chhindwara, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Gwalior, Jabalpur and Morena districts. Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. India: Andhra Pradesh, Assam (doubtful), Bihar, Plains to 2133.6 m (7000 ft). Chhatigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala Elsewhere: Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei (Kottayam, Trivandrum-Varkala);, Maharashtra Darussalam, Cambodia, China (including Taiwan), (Mumbai: Pali), Meghalaya (doubtful), Nagaland Fiji, Hong Kong, Indochina, Indonesia, Iraq, Japan, (doubtful), Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Lao PDR, Malacca, Malaysia, FS Micronesia, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh (Agra-Taj Mahal, Myanmar, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Pacific Fatehpur Sikri); West Bengal. From sea-level to Islands, Philippines, Ryudys, Seychelles, 457.2 m (1, 500 ft). Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Elsewhere: Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand. Timor-Leste and Viet Nam. Bangladesh and Myanmar main (doubtful). Subfamily: Pantalinae Genus: Diplacodes Kirby, 1889 (Perchers) Genus: Pantala Hagen, 1861 (Rain-pool Gliders) 4. Diplacodes trivialis (Rambur, 1842) 5. Pantala flavescens (Fabricius, 1797) Chalky Percher/ Ground Skimmer Globe Skimmer/ Wandering Glider Libellula braminea Fabricius, 1798. Libellula flavescens Fabricius, 1798. Ent. Syst. Libellula trivialis Rambur, 1842. Ins. Neurop: 115. Suppl.: 285. Libellula phalerata Uhler, 1858. Libellula viridula Palisot de Beauvois, 1805. Ins. Diplax trivialis Brauer, 1866. Novara: 104. Afr. Et Amer.: 69, pl. 3, fig. 4 Trithemis trivialis, Kirby, 1889. Trans. Zool. Soc. Libellula analis Burmeister, 1839.Handb.Ent., 2: Lond.: 12: 278. 852. Diplacodes trivialis, Karsch, 1891. Ent. Nachr., 17: Libellula terminalis Burmeister, 1839. Handb.Ent., 246; Fraser, 1936. Faun. Brit. India Odonata, 3: 2: 852. 336-338; Mishra, 2007. Fauna of Madhya Pradesh Pantala flavescens, Hagen, 1861. Syn. Neur. N. (including Chhatisgarh), State Fauna Series, 15 Amer.: 142; Fraser, 1936. Faun. Bruit India (part-1): 263-64, 271 (Gwalior, Jabalpur, Odonata, 3: 414-416; Mishra, 2007. Fauna of Mandsaur, Raigarh and Sarguja districts); Prasad & Madhya Pradesh (including Chhatisgarh), State Mishra, 2008. Faunal Diversity of Jabalpur District, Fauna Series, 15 (part-1): 268-69, 271 (Datia and Madhya Pradesh, ZSI Publi.: 78, 88 (Jabalpur + Gwalior districts); Gwalior and Mandsaur dists.). Pantala flavescens, 2008. Faunal Diversity of Diplacodes remota Ris, 1911. Jabalpur District, Madhya Pradesh, ZSI Publi.: 79, Conservation Status: IUCN Red List: Least 90-91 (Jabalpur + Datia and Gwalior dists.). Concern (Subramaniam, 2010). Sympetrum tandicoda Singh, 1955 (vide World Material Examined: 2 exs. (male and female), Odonata List) Chhatarpur district, Bundelkhand Division, Conservation Status: IUCN Red List: Least Madhya Pradesh. Concern (Suhling & Clausnitzer, 2009). Diagnostic Features: Small greenish-yellow or Material Examined: 3 exs., Chhatarpur district, bluish species. Bundelkhand Division, Madhya Pradesh. Male: Face bluish-green; eyes reddish-brown Diagnostic Features: Medium-sized and robust above, bluish or yellowish below; thorax greenish- species. Head front yellowish to reddish, eyes yellow or olivaceous, dorso-laterally violet-brown chestnut-red. Hairy thorax and abdomen usually and speckled with fine dots; abdominal segments 1- yellow to golden (sometimes brown or olive) with a 7 greenish-yellow with mid-dorsal and sub-dorsal dark line. Wings clear, may be yellowish towards black stripes, rest blackish; wings transparent; tip very broad at base (some specimens with olive, pterostigma grey to black, appendage yellowish. brown and yellow wings), pterostigma Female: Like young or subadult. Abdominal yellowish.and body (prothorax, abdomen and anal markings broader and continued on segments 8-10, appendages) bright ochreous, dorsum tinted with 10th segment and anal appendage more yellowish. bright brick-red, segment sides 1-4 yellowish and Distribution: 8-10 with pyriform black spots. Chhatarpur District: New record. Sexual Dimorphism: Male: Face bright golden Bundelkhand Division: New Record. yellow or orange, eyes reddish-brown above, Madhya Pradesh: Gwalior, Jabalpur and bluish-grey on sides and below; thorax hairy, Mandsaur districts. olivaceous or rusty; abdomen reddish-brown, tinted with brick-red above, segments 8-10 with black
14 spots above; wings transparent, hind wing base Trithemis soror Brauer, 1868. Verh. zool.- bot. Ges. amber yellow, pterostigma reddish-brown. Wings Wien., 18: 179, 735. darker and longer front and shorter hind wings than Trithemis adelpha Selys, 1878. Mitt. Mus. those of females. Dresden: 315. Female: Mostly like males except eyes olivaceous- Trithemis fraterna Albarda, 1881. Veths. Midden brown above; face vivid chrome-yellow abdomen Sumatra, Neur: 4 without red colouration above, wings smoky. Trithemis intermedia Kirby, 1886. Proc. Zool. Soc. Distribution: Lond.: 327, pl.38. Chhatarpur District: New record. Trithemis congener Kirby, 1890. Cat. Odon.: 18. Bundelkhand Division: As above (new record) Trithemis yerburyi Kirby, 1890. Cat. Odon.: 18. and Datia district. Trithemis liturata Selys, 1891. Ann. Mus. Civ. Madhya Pradesh: Gwalior and Jabalpur districts. Genova, 30: 464. India: Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Conservation Status: IUCN red List: Least Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and West Concern (Subramaniam, 2010). Bengal. Material Examined: 2 exs., Chhatarpur district, Elsewhere: Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Bahamas, Bundelkhand Division, Madhya Pradesh. Belize, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Diagnostic Features: A medium-sized dragonfly. Darussalam, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Cameroon, Males and females distinctly different as under: Central African Rep, Chad, Chile, China (including Sexual Dimorphism: Taiwan, Tibet), Colombia, Comoros, DR Congo, Male: Face reddish brown changing to reddish Costa Rica, Cote d’Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, above, eyes crimson above and brown on sides; Dominican Rep, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, thorax red with a fine purple pruinescence; Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, French Guinea, abdomen having swollen base, crimson with a Greece, Guaramala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti, violet tinge; wings transparent with crimson Honduras, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, venation and base with a broad amber patch, wing Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, spots (pterostigma) dark reddish-brown and legs Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, black. Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Mosambique, Female: Face olivaceous or bright reddish-brown Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, and eyes purplish-brown above and grey below; Nigeria, N Mariana Islands, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, thorax olivaceous with brown median and black Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, lateral stripes; abdomen reddish-brown with Philippines, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Reunion, Sao median and lateral black markings (confluent at Tome & Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, end of each segment and enclose a reddish-brown Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon spot); wings transparent with brown tips, venation Island, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sudan, bright yellow to brown and basal amber markings Suriname, Swaziland, UR Tanzania, Thailand, pale, wing spots (pterostigma) dark brown and lags Togo, Trinidad & Tobago, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, dark grey with narrow yellow stripes. Uruguay, Venenzuela, Viet Nam, Yemen, Zambia Distribution: and Zimbabwe. Chhatarpur District: New record. Benin, Burundi, Canada, Djibouti, Eritrea, Gabon, Bundelkhand Division: New record. Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Jordan, DPR Madhya Pradesh: Betul, Chhindwara, Jabalpur, Korea, Libya, Portugal, Rwanda, Spain, Syria and Mandsaur and Ujjain. UK (doubtful). India: Assam, Chhatisgarh (Sarguja district), Subfamily: Trithemistinae Delhi, Meghalaya, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Genus: Trithemis Brauer, 1868 (Drop-wings) Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. Up to about 1219.2 6. Trithemis aurora (Burmeister, 1839) (4000 ft). Cromson Marsh Glider Elsewhere: China (including Taiwan and Tibet), Libellula aurora Burmeister, 1839. Handb.Ent., 2: Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, 859. Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Timor and Viet Trithemis aurora, Brauer, 1868. Verh. zool.- bot. Nam. Ges. Wien., 18: 177, 735; Fraser, 1936. Faun. Brit. India Odonata, 3: 383-385; Mishra, 2007. Fauna of CONCLUSION Madhya Pradesh (including Chhatisgarh), State Fauna Series, 15 (part-1): 267, 271 (Betul, Distribution: Chhatarpur District: Six species of Chhindwara, Jabalpur, Mandsaur, Sarguja and dragonflies viz. Orthetrumpruinosum neglectum, Ujjain districts); Prasad & Mishra, 2008. Faunal Potamarcha congener, Diplacodes trivialis, Diversity of Jabalpur District, Madhya Pradesh, Bradinopyga geminata, Pantala flavescens and ZSI Publi.: 78, 89 (Jabalpur + Betul, Chhindwara, Trithemis aurora are being recorded for the first Mandsaur and Ujjain dists.). time from Chhararpur district of Bundelkhand Division in Madhya Pradesh.
15 Bundelkhand Division: Four species viz. O. Prasad M. 1966. Studies on the odonata fauna of pruinosum neglectum, P. congener, D. trivialis and Bastar, Madhya Pradesh, India. Rec. zool. T. aurora are new to this Division of Madhya Surv. India, 95 (3-4): 165-213. Pradesh. Prasad M, Mishra SK. 2008. Faunal Diversity of Conservation Status: All the six species dealt here Jabalpur District, Madhya Pradesh, ZSI are classified as ‘Least Concern’ under Lower Risk Publi.: 77-92. category of IUCN red List of Threatened Species. Prasad M, Varshney RK. 1995. A check list of the Zoogeography: South-Eastward Distribution: Odonata of India including data on larval Orthetrum pruinosum neglectum, Potamarcha studies. Oriental Insects, 29: 385-428. congener and Trithemis aurora are found further Sharma G. 2010. Orthetrum pruinosum. In: IUCN east (to Indonesia, Philippines etc.), Bradinopyga 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. geminata up to Thailand only. Version 2011.2.
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