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Contribution to the Knowledge of the Moroccan Odonata, with First Records of Orthetrum Sabina, and an Overview of First and La

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Contribution to the Knowledge of the Moroccan Odonata, with First Records of Orthetrum Sabina, and an Overview of First and La Contribution to the knowledge of Moroccan Odonata 1st December 2015225 Contribution to the knowledge of the Moroccan Odonata, with first records ofOrthetrum sabina, and an overview of first and last dates for all species Mohamed El Haissoufi1, Geert De Knijf2, Johan van’t Bosch3, Nard Bennas1 & Andrés Millán Sánchez4 1 Laboratory of Ecology, Biodiversity and Environment “LEBE”, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Abdelmalek Essâadi, Tétouan, Morocco; <[email protected]> <[email protected]> 2 Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Kliniekstraat 25, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; <[email protected]> 3 Newtonplein 62, 2562 JX The Hague, The Netherlands; <[email protected]> 4 Departamento de Ecologia e Hidrologia, Facultad de Biologia, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España; <[email protected]> Received 29thJune 2015; revised and accepted 10thSeptember 2015 Abstract. Several field surveys between 2007 and 2014 were undertaken in Morocco. Alto- gether 54 species were observed during our studies, representing 86 % of the odonate fauna of the country. Orthetrum sabina is new for Morocco, increasing the number of species to 63. The species was found at Oued Ez-Zahar near Akhfenir, about 1 700 km off its nearest known local- ity at Ouargla in Algeria. Two small populations of Erythromma viridulum were found for the first time in the Rif, bridging the gap between populations in the Middle Atlas and the Iberian Peninsula. The third observation of Sympetrum sinaiticum for Morocco was recorded and we were able to significantly increase the known number of localities of the threatened Moroccan endemic Cordulegaster princeps. We further can show that several species (e.g., Boyeria irene, Pyrrhosoma nymphula) are more widely distributed than believed and occur also at low alti- tudes in the country. On the other hand, Calopteryx exul, Calopteryx virgo meridionalis, Lestes dryas, Coenagrion mercuriale, Aeshna isoceles and Libellula quadrimaculata are very rare in Mo- rocco and their populations should be monitored to assess their potential decline. Finally, for all Moroccan dragonfly species the first and last observation dates are listed. For 17 of them we provide the earliest observation date and for seven species we prolong the observation period. Key words. Dragonfly, damselfly, distribution, North Africa, range expansion, phenology, conservation. Odonatologica 44(3) 2015: 225-254 226 M. El Haissoufi, G. De Knijf, J. van’t Bosch, N. Bennas & A. Millán Sánchez Introduction The dragonfly fauna of Morocco has been relatively well investigated (El Haissoufi 2012). An overview on all historical records of the known 58 Odonata species of Morocco was given by Jacquemin & Boudot (1999). Until then, most investigations were conducted in the more easily acces- sible northern and central parts of Morocco, especially in the Rif Mountains (Jacquemin 1994) and the Middle Atlas. In recent years several papers have been published on the odonatofauna of the southern and eastern parts of the country (Boudot 2008; Juillerat & Monnerat 2009; Boudot & De Knijf 2012; Mediani et al. 2012; Waldhauser 2012) but also from already relatively well investigated regions (Faucheux et al. 2005; El Haissoufi et al. 2008, 2010; Benazzouz et al. 2009; Ferreira et al. 2014, 2015), increas- ing the number of dragonfly species to 62. Despite these recent publications, the knowledge on the occurrence of dragonflies from several rather inaccessible regions is still poor. To palliate this gap, between 2007 and 2014 several surveys were undertaken by us in some of these regions. The aim of this paper is to improve our understand- ing of the occurrence and distribution of dragonflies in Morocco. Based on our extensive dataset and on literature sources, we can also provide an over- view of the first and last observation records for every species. Furthermore, this study wants to contribute to a better understanding of the ecological requirements, the phenology and the reproductive behaviour of the dra gon- flies in North Africa. Material and methods A total of 116 localities were surveyed for the presence of dragonflies from 2007 until 2014. During this period, the first author (MEH) and his research team explored most localities several times. These surveys were not ran- domized, but were carried out more intensively in the northern part, partic- ularly the Rif Mountains and in southern Morocco. Eighteen localities were surveyed for the presence of dragonflies from 06–10-ix-2013 by the second author (GDK), and nine localities were investigated from 30-xii-2013 to 08-i-2014 by the third author (JVB). These twenty-seven localities were all situated in the southern part of the country. All kinds of dragonfly habitats were sampled, including standing (e.g., ponds, pools, lakes, marshes, gravel Odonatologica 44(3) 2015: 225-254 Contribution to the knowledge of Moroccan Odonata 227 pits) as running waters (e.g., oueds, streams, ditches, rivers). Observations by the first author were made by capturing an individual and determination on-site using Dijkstra & Lewington (2006). Species difficult to identify in the field were collected and determination was done in the laboratory. MEH and colleagues also used a kick net for collecting larvae of Odonata. Observations by GDK and JVB were made by using close-focusing binocu- lars or with the naked eye, with sporadical netting of individuals for hand- checking of specific characters. The localities visited (Fig. 1) are listed below. Locality names follow pri- marily those in the 1:50 000 maps of Morocco. Places not indicated on maps are named according to local spelling, and are indicated in brackets where relevant. For each locality, we give the most important environmental char- acteristics, geographic coordinates in decimal degrees (WGS84 geodetic system), altitude above sea level and date of visit. The name of the observers is also given in brackets (see authors for initials; MEH and col. = first author and his research colleagues). Visited localities Western Rif Loc. 1: Oued Martil at entry of Tétouan city, upstream bridge connecting Tétouan to Chefchaouen, large permanent oued with slow-flowing water; 35.56222°N, 5.43056°W; 10 m a.s.l.; 12-vii-2011 (MEH and col.) Loc. 2: Coelma wetland, a complex of large swamps, old sand quarries with bulrush at Coel- ma, Tétouan; 35.56535°N, 5.33593°W; 30 m a.s.l.; 02-x-2010, 15-x-2010, 01-iii-2011, 15-iii- -2011, 04-vi-2011, 11-vi-2011, 17-vi-2011, 06-vii-2011, 28-ix-2011 (MEH and col.) Loc. 3: (Lamberka), spring, brook and small swamp at M’hanech, Tétouan; 35.56621°N, 5.36189°W; 26 m a.s.l.; 28-viii-2010 (MEH and col.) Loc. 4: Oued Ez Zarka near Ez Zarka village, 5 km south of Tétouan, fast flowing river with well-developed bank vegetation; 35.5211°N, 5.34191°W; 140 m a.s.l.; 12-v-2007 (MEH and col.) Loc. 5: (Oued Boumaâza) beyond Douar Kitane, partially dried up river bed with stagnant pools, 6 km south of Tétouan; 35.52593°N, 5.32077°W; 170 m a.s.l.; 01-xi-2009 (MEH and col.) Loc. 6: Wide water canal with bulrush at Bouzeghlal, 3 km NW of M’diq; 35.70277°N, 5.35138°W; 2 m a.s.l.; 11-vii-2011 (MEH and col.) Loc. 7: Smir marshes, 4 km north of M’diq; 35.71666°N, 5.3375°W; 0 m a.s.l.; 10-iii-2007, 16-v-2007, 22-v-2007, 01-vi-2007 (MEH and col.) Loc. 8: Barrage Smir, 5 km west of M’diq, dam lake with dense riparian vegetation; 35.67°N, 5.37583°W; 45 m a.s.l.; 11-vii-2011 (MEH and col.) Odonatologica 44(3) 2015: 225-254 228 M. El Haissoufi, G. De Knijf, J. van’t Bosch, N. Bennas & A. Millán Sánchez Loc. 9: Oued near El Bayine, 5 km west of M’diq, small and fast flowing river with well- developed bank vegetation; 35.69773°N, 5.4051°W; 41 m a.s.l.; 23-iv-2009 (MEH and col.) Loc. 10: Temporary pool at the Forestry House, 6 km south west of M’diq upstream of Oued Lile; 35.65782°N, 5.37652°W; 42 m a.s.l.; 13-iv-2009 (MEH and col.) Loc. 11: Oued Belouazene, 7 km west of M’diq, small and fast flowing river with well-devel- oped bank vegetation; 35.67347°N, 5.40515°W; 50 m a.s.l.; 13-iv-2009, 21-iv-2009 (MEH and col.) Loc. 12: Oued near El Kouf, 8 km NW of M’diq, small and fast flowing river with well- developed bank vegetation; 35.71492°N, 5.40238°W; 43 m a.s.l.; 24-iv-2009 (MEH and col.) Loc. 13: Oued Lile, 8 km SW of M’diq, small and fast flowing river; 35.66119°N, 5.40266°W; 39 m a.s.l.; 13-iv-2009; 21-iv-2009 (MEH and col.) Loc. 14: Oued Boujmil small and fast flowing river, 10 km NW of M’diq; 35.76162°N, 5.40138°W; 43 m a.s.l.; 18-v-2009 (MEH and col.) Loc. 15: Swamp in Martil, well-vegetated area with rushes and tamarisk, road from Martil to Cabo Nigro; 35.63138°N, 5.28194°W; -4 m a.s.l.; 12-vi-2011, 06-vii-2011 (MEH and col.) Loc. 16: Oued el Kabir (= Oued Bousfiha) at bridge of Jamâa Souk Lakdim, 8 km west of Té- touan, fast flowing river with well-developed bank vegetation; 35.56138°N, 5.45916°W; 13 m a.s.l.; 12-vii-2011 (MEH and col.) Loc. 17: Oued Ajrâz upstream of Ajrâz dam, Road N2 from Tétouan to Tangier, 11 km from Tétouan, mostly dried-up river bed with some small running sections; 35.56221°N, 5.49644°W; 44 m a.s.l.; 09-vii-2011 (MEH and col.) Loc.
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