TRANSACTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Par Fig Southeastern part The of Pulong Tau National Park, about N 03°18’37.1”, E 115°28”48.7” (Fig . , Baram, Ulu INTRODUCTION KEYWORDS: grow mycoheterotrophof diversity over easily is winkleri the of Most pristine from each. recorded for species species recorded four with families, diverse most the are families Polygalaceae and Orchidaceae first the forest. protected this of for reported comprise These Triuridaceae. and Polygalaceae Orchidaceae, , four survey, the From SarawakForestry by Department, document whichaimrichto P faunaandvarietyflorathe of AbuTama in August25th to 15th fromSarawak, Baram,Forest, ProtectedUlu Abu Tama ABSTRACT Protected Forest, Ulu Baram, Sarawak Mycoheterotrophic of Tama Abu Transactions on Science and Technology Vol. ure 1 ure k (retrieved from Google Maps on 21st March, 2018) . However, m NationalPark,Tau Pulong in rangemountainous of stretch a is Range Abu Tamainfamous The I Received .

time in time Th .

e The location of Tama Abu Protected Forest at Southeastern part of Pulong Tau National Tau Pulong of part Southeastern at Forest Protected Abu Tama of location The

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30 July30 2018 Mycoheterotroph, Heart ofBorneo, endemic species, Borneo

Sarawak. - ost of ost the mycoheterotroph day botanical survey was conducted during the Sarawak (HoB) Scientific Expedition in Expedition Scientific (HoB) Borneo of Heart Sarawak the during conducted was survey botanical day - looked due to their tiny tiny their to due looked Chea

could be underrepresentedcould be therichnessmycoheterotroph of II Revised ( 2

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Two species endemics to Bornean region, region, Bornean to endemics species Two Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7 1 ic - Sarawak Forestry Corporation, Botanical Research Centre, 20,KM Borneo Heights Road, 93250 Kuching, Sarawak aiis f yoeeorpi plants mycoheterotrophic of families Yiing Ling Yiing

plants in Borneo is expected to be high as the environment in Borneo is suitable for them to themfor suitable is Borneoenvironmentin the as high be toexpected Borneois in plants

mixed dipterocarp forest with high humidity, except humidity, high with forest dipterocarp mixed

2 4 6

Among the species, the Among April , No.

201 1 - 2 , 9 1

II Accepted 19 3 size and dull colour that blend into the background colour of forest floor. The floor. forest of colour background the into blend that colour dull and size

Forest Research Centre, Forestry Department, PO Box 1407, 90715 Sandakan, Sabah

ic - Advances in Science and Technology 2019

1 12 expedition site situated in Tama Abu Protected Forest at at Forest Protected Abu Tama in situated site expedition #

plants , 6 , Hirokazu Tsukaya Hirokazu 201

2 # 9 6 Corresponding author. E

are under April Epirixanthes confusa Epirixanthes

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- plants in Tama Abu, as this groupplantsAbu,Tamathisinas of 3 ee () eea and genera (7) seven - 1 Hongo,1 Bunkyo ; Tel: Tel: +60 ee d were

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TRANSACTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Sulawesi and Sumatra. distribution: Global widely distributed within Bornean region. fou 9 about clumps, 1 in or solitary in grow plants Slender 1.2 B Vietnam Maluku, China Borneo, distribution: Global reported from a.s. m 686 at Baleh Sg. along forest riparian on found, specimen one Only flowered. 8 stem, of apex at arranged inflorescence white, plant Whole 2). (Fig. tall cm 10 about plant, Small 1.1 1. B and information Brief site. expedition the from pictures of specieseach is provided below according to their recorded were Triuridaceae and Polygalaceae RESULT collaborative and work with e etc.), and 2016 al. et Tsukaya 2015; al. et Son Van Dang 2017; al. et Dancak 2010; publishedBurgtbasedBRCcollectionplantson paperIdentification (Cheek& at room. ofthe placed Herbarium is specimen collected Each B at placed Method. Collection Herbarium standard following made were plants 2 about is transect Each organizer. METHODOLOGY river to stream, and it is suitable mycoheterotrophfor close plants. is site expedition The temperature. high and precipitation high vegetation, rich its to duespecies mycoheterotrophic plant in diverse very is Borneo of flora Thesources. water near short tiny, are interesting These plants nutrient. and energy for roots their at fungi parasitise They 2009). al. et (Merckx non entirely pla Mycoheterotroph directly. material organic dead utilize can they as saprophyte above 60 cm di considered still is area expedition The peak. highest the on Sub streams. and rivers the along found p thein activitylogging evidentthe siteareof Logginga.s.l.the trails within m expedition 1,200 to 600 s. h mi rvr lwn i te xeiin ra s ugi ae wee iain eeain is vegetation riparian where Baleh Sungai is area expedition the in flowing river main The ast. nd, mostly on pristine mixed dipterocarp forests with high humidity at 700 athumidity high with forestsdipterocarpmixed pristine onmostly nd, Burmannia championii URMANNIACEAE wle species Twelve 10 The true are fungi only saprophyte, as called mistakenly sometimes are plant Mycoheterotroph from ranging forest,dipterocarp mixed hill to lowland by covered mainly is site expedition The urmannia lutescens . Nansei

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day field surveys were conducted along the transect that accessible and prepared by the by prepared and accessible that transect the along conducted were surveys field day xpert (SAR) - htsnhss lnsta oti od rm yoria ug ta go o is roots its on grow that fungi mycorrhiza from food obtain that plants , ameter can be seen thein area. – 4 - shoto, s - flowered, whitish with yellowish outer tepals. Growing abundantly when it was it when abundantly Growing tepals. outer yellowish with whitish flowered, Fr ml pat, prt collection spirit plants, small For . .

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Advances in Science and Technology 2019 9

southeast and within Bornean . ioa Island, Nicobar

n ad hie el n oln piay anoet mainly rainforest, primary lowland in well thrive and und Transactions on Science and Technology. - montane mossy can be found along ridges along found be can forest kerangas mossy montane

collection room, and a duplicatedistributedcollectionS a andto is room, ic

lns rm aiy umnica, Orchidaceae, Burmanniaceae, family from plants ono Jv, eislr aasa Nw Guinea, New Malaysia, Peninsular Java, Borneo, Ida Jpn Jv, oe, eislr Malaysia, Peninsular Korea, Java, Japan, India, ,

ehd a ue. h sii cletos are collections spirit The used. was method r Lna Smta T Sumatra, Lanka, Sri – 15 cm tall, sometime branching (Fig. 3). 3). (Fig. branching sometime tall, cm 15 pri respective family. stine

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region.

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TRANSACTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY lbl itiuin sa, ono Cmoi, hn, atHmly,Ida Jpn Nw Guinea, Peninsular Malaysia, New Japan, India, Himalaya, East China, Cambodia, Borneo, Assam, distribution: Global was previous the along forest dipterocarp mixed on mainly found be can Itpetals. sepalsand on stripes markedand purple withwhite open, widewhen cm 2.5 aboutFlower f 10 about flowers, 30 over with Inflorescence stripes. purple with whitish Stem 5). (Fig. clump in rarely solitary, on grow tall, m 1 than more plant, tall A 2.1 2. Fig Sumatra, Taiwan and Thailand. Sulawesi, Guinea, New Malaysia, Peninsular Lesser Island, Sunda Java, Island, Caroline Borneo, distribution: Global fores altitude a and new record for Sarawak lower the Brunei, at in growing recorded found is and species Borneo, stems, yellow pale to white having usually red s tall, cm 9.5 about plant Small 1.3 F igure ORCHIDACEAE ure - Aphyllorchis montana Gymnosiphon aphyllus brown, 5 brown, Photos ofSFC8434 byLing Chea Yiing.

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A. A. Habit; B.Close lorescence of SFC8495 byLing Chea Yiing. – ly reported Sabah,from Sarawak and Brunei. 7 mm tall. Only one specimen, found at kerangas forest above 1,000 m a.s.l. Species a.s.l. m 1,000 above forest kerangas at found specimen, one Only tall. mm 7

Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam.

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Kalimantan

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TRANSACTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Global distribution: Borneo, China, Java, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Thailand. Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan within Borneo. on forest floor growing found species This brownish. parts other lip, hairy and white with open, when wide cm 1 very tall, cm 50 Inflorescence than onupper part ofthe stem, few tomany flowers, flowering in succession. Flowers about more grow can species This 2.4 Global distribution: Borneo, Java, Peninsular Malaysia, Maluku, Philippines, Sumatra and Thailand. previously found Sabah,in Sarawak and Kalimantan. In abundant. not but forest, dipterocarp mixed in floor forest on found be can plant,4 the cmt 10 about is species This 2.3 Global distribution: Borneo, Java, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines, Sumatra, Thailand is Species area. study the around trees widely distributed within Borneo. huge below gully and ridges along abundantly growing sep on stripes purplish with white open, when wide mm 1 flowers, 20 than more plant, the of top on Inflorescence 6). (Fig. tall cm 30 than more grow can clumps, in grow usually plant, small A 2.2

Fig Lecanorchis multiflora Cystorchis aphylla Aphyllorchis pallida Photos ofSFC8462 byLing Chea Yiing. ure

5 - .

flowered,opensameatthe time.Flowers thanless1cmlong, brownishand yellowish. It A. A. Habit; B

near riparian and mixed dipterocarp forest. Species was reported previously in Sabah,

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201 – Advances in Science and Technology 2019 3 flowers open at a time, flower in succession. Flower about 5 about Flower succession. in flower time, a at open flowers 3 9 .

Transactions on Science and Technology.

Fig

ure lne bak tm n bacig Fg 8). (Fig. branching and stem black slender

als and petals. This species can be found be can species This petals. and als 6 of SFC8425 by Ling Chea Yiing. .

A. A. Habit; B.Close

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122

TRANSACTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY imbricate, with yellow with imbricate, compact a Inflorescence 10). (Fig. stem branching with ground, above tall cm 10 about plant, tiny A 3.2 for Canyon Global distribution: Borneo. recorded newlySarawak. Sabah, Imbak and of Area Conservation from described first to was and Borneo endemic is Species slopes. bo large with Baleh Sg. on along forest mainly riparian found is It group. the in species abundant most the of one surprisingly is which Abu, andTama from site purple one than stem more tall, cm 15 than more pointed grow and can branchin plant, bracteole, tiny no leafless a maturation, is fruit It after apices. inflorescence even persistent having in Epirixanthes s The 3.1 3. Fig Figure POLYGALACEAE Epirixanthes confusa Epirixanthes kinabaluensis SFC8470 ure Photo pecies is easily mistakenly identified as identified mistakenly easily is pecies of inflorescence. Photos of

7

g (Fig. 9). Flowers minute, about 1 mm wide when open. This species can be found from found be can species This open. when wide mm 1 about minute, Flowers 9). (Fig. g .

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A. Habit; B. Close .

s of SFC8423 by Ling Chea Yiing A. A. Habit; B.Close by Ling Chea Yiing. les n steep and ulders

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Tsukaya, M.Suleiman H.Okada& - up of in

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123

TRANSACTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY and Solomonand Island. Sumatra (Luzon), Philippines Guinea, New Moluccas, Java, Borneo,distribution: Global Sarawak and Kalimantan within Borneo. s The tiny mixed from time recorded one was species This flowers. white yellow caducous, short bracts a 0.5 above Inflorescence imbricate, compact cm 12). 10 (Fig. about ground top, on branching tiny A 3.4 Sumatra, Malaysia, Peninsular Moluccas, Laos, Thailand and Java, India, China, Borneo, distribution: Global inoccur Sabah, Sarawak Kalimantan.and speciesBorneo, Within forest.dipterocarp mixed of slopes steep on site, expeditionthe from locality into Floweraboutwhenfruits.longopen, 2 mm is white in colour.Itis found growingabundantlyat turn flowers when dropped it cauducous, bracts Floral 11). (Fig. plant the of top on imbricate above tall cm 15 about is species This 3.3 Global distribution: Borneo and Sumatra. recorded Sabahfrom and Sarawak within Borneo. to next growing found be can species This Fig inflorescence. Photos of SFC8411 byLing Epirixanthes papuana Epirixanthes elongata ure pce wih s aiy over easily is which species Photos ofSFC8306 byLing Chea Yiing. eis a rpre peiul from previously reported was pecies

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TRANSACTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ag Am Kp, io ega ad iui Dbd fr hi v their work. for Dubod, Sirukit and Jengka, Dino Kapi, Army Sang, expedition. scientific this in support Corporation Forestry Sarawak of management the thank arrangement. logistic and expedition the organising for Expedition Scientific the understand fully ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS to order in important also experts mycoheterotroph with Collaboration or them. study to order researchers in works field during them collect to researchers group plant This grow. to them for suitable is Borneo in environment the as high be to expected is Borneo mycoheterotroph of diversity The floor. forest of colour background the into blend that Tamainasplantsthisofplant group Abu, is easilyover under be could number This species. rare a as them c Sarawak for winkleri Sciaphila from families diverse most the are from identified were CONCLUSION New and Guinea. Borneo distribution: Global Kalimantan. and Sarawak in previously reported was locality forest one only kerangasfrom mossy from recorded is flower berry Male wide, mm tepals. 4 about Fruits anthers. three with purplish smaller, 6 with 2 about carpel flowers flower Female female purplish with stem, the of top on Inflorescence This 4.1 4. onfusa TRIURIDACEAE Sciaphila winkleri Figure 13 We plants mycoheterotroph of species 12 survey, field of days 10 the From plant pristine Not forgotten, Not is . There were also some species which only restricted to two to restricted only which species some also were There .

ol lk t etn or rttd t te ertras f o Epdto o Tm Abu Tama of Expedition HoB of secretariats the to gratitude our extend to like would usual

. s bu 1 c aoe rud wt prls se, rnhn o tp Fg 13). (Fig. top on branching stem, purplish with ground, above cm 12 about is

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ly tiny and are less collected by researchers or collectors. As such it is important for important is it such As collectors. or researchers by collected less are and tiny ly A. A. Habit of SFC8456 byLing ie dpeoap for dipterocarp mixed

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Gymnosiphon aphyllus Gymnosiphon 9 est with high humidity, except except humidity, high with est . s

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(4) o ona region Bornean to

four

recorded species for each. for species recorded thank

(4) s to the first author first the to s

families. - ersne h iheso mycoheterotroph of richness the represented - look and and

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Sabah Forestry Department Forestry Sabah Epirixanthes confusa Epirixanthes

6 lal assac drn te field the during assistance aluable ( 1 eo ad ae lwr a apex. at flowers male and below - - three regions which can considercan which regions three 2 ), 1 19

colleagues from AFSID, Julia AFSID, from colleagues Most of the species recorded species the of Most

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Polygalaceae

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TRANSACTIONS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY [6] [5] [4] [3] [2] [1] REFERENCES expedition. debt in truly we which survey field

sky, . Slia, . Oaa H 21. nw pce of species new A Imbakfrom Canyon, Sabah, Borneo. 2016. H. Okada, & M. Suleiman, H., Tsukaya, Annals of Botany Myco 2009.N.A. Hynson, & Bidartondo,M.I. V., Merckx, chí Công nghệ Sinh học of record new A 2015. T. Hop, & H.Q. Nguyen, A., Naiki, T., Yahara, H., Toyama, S., Tagane, V.S., Dang Gardens' Bulletin Singapore of synopsis A 9. Bruneienses, Novitates 2017. A.A. Joffre & F. Metali, R.S., Sukri, M., Hrones, M., Dancak, Guinea, with new records ofother achlorophyllous heteromycotrophs. 2010. X. Burgt & M. Cheek, Long Expedition Scientific (HoB) Banga Seminar Borneo of Heart during presented Poster Sarawak. Baram, M Andi,

AM, ig CY & sky, . 07 MchtrtohcPat o Ln Bna Ulu Banga, Long of Plants Mycoheterotrophic 2017. H. Tsukaya, & C.Y. Ling, .A.M., unana championii Burnmannia

Epirixanthes ,

, 3

104 rd

to ,

, 1255 4

13 th

May (4A) elsewhere. species on notes and Darussalam Brunei in (Polygalaceae) Ling – ,

69

1261. et et al. Gymnosiphon samoritour Gymnosiphon , (2), 2017.

1393 ,

201

Advances in Science and Technology 2019 179 , hats (BURMANN Thwaites 9

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- Transactions on Science and Technology. 1396. – Phytotaxa 187.

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the locals who involves along the the along involves who locals the (2) eanus ,

146 AEE fo Suhr Vietnam. Southern from IACEAE) - –

heterotrophy: when fungi host plants. host fungi heterotrophy:when (Burmanniaceae) a new species from species new a (Burmanniaceae)

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