Systematics, Phylogeography, Fungal Associations, and Photosynthesis
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Plant List Bristow Prairie & High Divide Trail
*Non-native Bristow Prairie & High Divide Trail Plant List as of 7/12/2016 compiled by Tanya Harvey T24S.R3E.S33;T25S.R3E.S4 westerncascades.com FERNS & ALLIES Pseudotsuga menziesii Ribes lacustre Athyriaceae Tsuga heterophylla Ribes sanguineum Athyrium filix-femina Tsuga mertensiana Ribes viscosissimum Cystopteridaceae Taxaceae Rhamnaceae Cystopteris fragilis Taxus brevifolia Ceanothus velutinus Dennstaedtiaceae TREES & SHRUBS: DICOTS Rosaceae Pteridium aquilinum Adoxaceae Amelanchier alnifolia Dryopteridaceae Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea Holodiscus discolor Polystichum imbricans (Sambucus mexicana, S. cerulea) Prunus emarginata (Polystichum munitum var. imbricans) Sambucus racemosa Rosa gymnocarpa Polystichum lonchitis Berberidaceae Rubus lasiococcus Polystichum munitum Berberis aquifolium (Mahonia aquifolium) Rubus leucodermis Equisetaceae Berberis nervosa Rubus nivalis Equisetum arvense (Mahonia nervosa) Rubus parviflorus Ophioglossaceae Betulaceae Botrychium simplex Rubus ursinus Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata Sceptridium multifidum (Alnus sinuata) Sorbus scopulina (Botrychium multifidum) Caprifoliaceae Spiraea douglasii Polypodiaceae Lonicera ciliosa Salicaceae Polypodium hesperium Lonicera conjugialis Populus tremuloides Pteridaceae Symphoricarpos albus Salix geyeriana Aspidotis densa Symphoricarpos mollis Salix scouleriana Cheilanthes gracillima (Symphoricarpos hesperius) Salix sitchensis Cryptogramma acrostichoides Celastraceae Salix sp. (Cryptogramma crispa) Paxistima myrsinites Sapindaceae Selaginellaceae (Pachystima myrsinites) -
Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE
Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE LILIACEAE de Jussieu 1789 (Lily Family) (also see AGAVACEAE, ALLIACEAE, ALSTROEMERIACEAE, AMARYLLIDACEAE, ASPARAGACEAE, COLCHICACEAE, HEMEROCALLIDACEAE, HOSTACEAE, HYACINTHACEAE, HYPOXIDACEAE, MELANTHIACEAE, NARTHECIACEAE, RUSCACEAE, SMILACACEAE, THEMIDACEAE, TOFIELDIACEAE) As here interpreted narrowly, the Liliaceae constitutes about 11 genera and 550 species, of the Northern Hemisphere. There has been much recent investigation and re-interpretation of evidence regarding the upper-level taxonomy of the Liliales, with strong suggestions that the broad Liliaceae recognized by Cronquist (1981) is artificial and polyphyletic. Cronquist (1993) himself concurs, at least to a degree: "we still await a comprehensive reorganization of the lilies into several families more comparable to other recognized families of angiosperms." Dahlgren & Clifford (1982) and Dahlgren, Clifford, & Yeo (1985) synthesized an early phase in the modern revolution of monocot taxonomy. Since then, additional research, especially molecular (Duvall et al. 1993, Chase et al. 1993, Bogler & Simpson 1995, and many others), has strongly validated the general lines (and many details) of Dahlgren's arrangement. The most recent synthesis (Kubitzki 1998a) is followed as the basis for familial and generic taxonomy of the lilies and their relatives (see summary below). References: Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998, 2003); Tamura in Kubitzki (1998a). Our “liliaceous” genera (members of orders placed in the Lilianae) are therefore divided as shown below, largely following Kubitzki (1998a) and some more recent molecular analyses. ALISMATALES TOFIELDIACEAE: Pleea, Tofieldia. LILIALES ALSTROEMERIACEAE: Alstroemeria COLCHICACEAE: Colchicum, Uvularia. LILIACEAE: Clintonia, Erythronium, Lilium, Medeola, Prosartes, Streptopus, Tricyrtis, Tulipa. MELANTHIACEAE: Amianthium, Anticlea, Chamaelirium, Helonias, Melanthium, Schoenocaulon, Stenanthium, Veratrum, Toxicoscordion, Trillium, Xerophyllum, Zigadenus. -
Native Orchids in Southeast Alaska with an Emphasis on Juneau
Native Orchids in Southeast Alaska with an Emphasis on Juneau Marlin Bowles & Bob Armstrong 2019 Acknowledgements We are grateful to numerous people and agencies who provided essential assistance with this project. Carole Baker, Gilbette Blais, Kathy Hocker, John Hudson, Jenny McBride and Chris Miller helped locate and study many elusive species. Pam Bergeson, Ron Hanko, & Kris Larson for use of their photos. Ellen Carrlee provided access to the Juneau Botanical Club herbarium at the Alaska State Museum. The U.S. Forest Service Forestry Sciences Research Station at Juneau also provided access to its herbarium, and Glacier Bay National Park provided data on plant collections in its herbarium. Merrill Jensen assisted with plant resources at the Jensen-Olson Arboretum. Don Kurz, Jenny McBride, Lisa Wallace, and Mary Willson reviewed and vastly improved earlier versions of this book. About the Authors Marlin Bowles lives in Juneau, AK. He is a retired plant conservation biologist, formerly with the Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL. He has studied the distribution, ecology and reproductionof grassland orchids. Bob Armstrong has authored and co-authored several books about nature in Alaska. This book and many others are available for free as PDFs at https://www.naturebob.com He has worked in Alaska as a biologist, research supervisor and associate professor since 1960. Table of Contents Page The southeast Alaska archipellago . 1 The orchid plant family . 2 Characteristics of orchids . 3 Floral anatomy . 4 Sources of orchid information . 5 Orchid species groups . 6 Orchid habitats . Fairy Slippers . 9 Eastern - Calypso bulbosa var. americana Western - Calypso bulbosa var. occidentalis Lady’s Slippers . -
The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts
The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: A County Checklist • First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Somers Bruce Sorrie and Paul Connolly, Bryan Cullina, Melissa Dow Revision • First A County Checklist Plants of Massachusetts: Vascular The A County Checklist First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Massachusetts Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program The Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program (NHESP), part of the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, is one of the programs forming the Natural Heritage network. NHESP is responsible for the conservation and protection of hundreds of species that are not hunted, fished, trapped, or commercially harvested in the state. The Program's highest priority is protecting the 176 species of vertebrate and invertebrate animals and 259 species of native plants that are officially listed as Endangered, Threatened or of Special Concern in Massachusetts. Endangered species conservation in Massachusetts depends on you! A major source of funding for the protection of rare and endangered species comes from voluntary donations on state income tax forms. Contributions go to the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Fund, which provides a portion of the operating budget for the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. NHESP protects rare species through biological inventory, -
Willi Orchids
growers of distinctively better plants. Nunured and cared for by hand, each plant is well bred and well fed in our nutrient rich soil- a special blend that makes your garden a healthier, happier, more beautiful place. Look for the Monrovia label at your favorite garden center. For the location nearest you, call toll free l-888-Plant It! From our growing fields to your garden, We care for your plants. ~ MONROVIA~ HORTICULTURAL CRAFTSMEN SINCE 1926 Look for the Monrovia label, call toll free 1-888-Plant It! co n t e n t s Volume 77, Number 3 May/June 1998 DEPARTMENTS Commentary 4 Wild Orchids 28 by Paul Martin Brown Members' Forum 5 A penonal tour ofplaces in N01,th America where Gaura lindheimeri, Victorian illustrators. these native beauties can be seen in the wild. News from AHS 7 Washington, D . C. flower show, book awards. From Boon to Bane 37 by Charles E. Williams Focus 10 Brought over f01' their beautiful flowers and colorful America)s roadside plantings. berries, Eurasian bush honeysuckles have adapted all Offshoots 16 too well to their adopted American homeland. Memories ofgardens past. Mock Oranges 41 Gardeners Information Service 17 by Terry Schwartz Magnolias from seeds, woodies that like wet feet. Classic fragrance and the ongoing development of nell? Mail-Order Explorer 18 cultivars make these old favorites worthy of considera Roslyn)s rhodies and more. tion in today)s gardens. Urban Gardener 20 The Melting Plot: Part II 44 Trial and error in that Toddlin) Town. by Susan Davis Price The influences of African, Asian, and Italian immi Plants and Your Health 24 grants a1'e reflected in the plants and designs found in H eading off headaches with herbs. -
Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese -
Orchids of Lakeland
a field guide to OrchidsLakeland Provincial Park, Provincial Recreation Area and surrounding region Written by: Patsy Cotterill Illustrated by: John Maywood Pub No: I/681 ISBN: 0-7785-0020-9 Printed 1998 Sepal Sepal Petal Petal Seed Sepal Lip (labellum) Ovary Finding an elusive (capsule) orchid nestled away in Sepal the boreal forest is a Scape thrilling experience for amateur and Petal experienced naturalists alike. This type Petal of recreation has become a passion for Column some and, for many others, a wonder- ful way to explore nature and learn Ovary Sepal (capsule) more about the living world around us. Sepal But, we also need to be careful when Lip (labellum) looking at these delicate plants. Be mindful of their fragile nature... keep Spur only memories and take only photo- graphs so that others, too, can enjoy. Corm OrchidsMany people are surprisedin Alberta to learn that orchids grow naturally in Alberta. Orchids are typically associated with tropical rain forests (where indeed, many do grow) or flower-shop purchases for special occasions, exotic, expensive and highly ornamental. Wild orchids in fact are found world-wide (except in Antarctica). They constitute Roots Tuber the second largest family of flowering plants (the Orchidaceae) after the Aster family, with upwards of 15,000 species. In Alberta, there are 26 native species. Like all Roots orchids from north temperate regions, these are terrestrial. They grow in the ground, in contrast to the majority of rain forest species which are epiphytes, that is, they grow attached to trees for support but do not derive nourishment from them. -
Of Connecting Plants and People
THE NEWSLEttER OF THE SINGAPORE BOTANIC GARDENS VOLUME 34, JANUARY 2010 ISSN 0219-1688 of connecting plants and people p13 Collecting & conserving Thai Convolvulaceae p2 Sowing the seeds of conservation in an oil palm plantation p8 Spindle gingers – jewels of Singapores forests p24 VOLUME 34, JANUARY 2010 Message from the director Chin See Chung ARTICLES 2 Collecting & conserving Thai Convolvulaceae George Staples 6 Spotlight on research: a PhD project on Convolvulaceae George Staples 8 Sowing the seeds of conservation in an oil palm plantation Paul Leong, Serena Lee 12 Propagation of a very rare orchid, Khoo-Woon Mui Hwang, Lim-Ho Chee Len Robiquetia spathulata Whang Lay Keng, Ali bin Ibrahim 150 years of connecting plants and people: Terri Oh 2 13 The making of stars Two minds, one theory - Wallace & Darwin, the two faces of evolution theory I do! I do! I do! One evening, two stellar performances In Search of Gingers Botanical diplomacy The art of botanical painting Fugitives fleurs: a unique perspective on floral fragments Falling in love Born in the Gardens A garden dialogue - Reminiscences of the Gardens 8 Children celebrate! Botanical party Of saints, ships and suspense Birthday wishes for the Gardens REGULAR FEATURES Around the Gardens 21 Convolvulaceae taxonomic workshop George Staples What’s Blooming 18 22 Upside down or right side up? The baobab tree Nura Abdul Karim Ginger and its Allies 24 Spindle gingers – jewels of Singapores forests Jana Leong-Škornicková From Education Outreach 26 “The Green Sheep” – a first for babies and toddlers at JBCG Janice Yau 27 International volunteers at the Jacob Ballas Children’s Garden Winnie Wong, Janice Yau From Taxonomy Corner 28 The puzzling bathroom bubbles plant.. -
Dispersion of Vascular Plant in Mt. Huiyangsan, Korea
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Journal of Korean Nature Vol. 3, No. 1 1-10, 2010 Dispersion of Vascular Plant in Mt. Huiyangsan, Korea Hyun-Tak Shin1, Sung-Tae Yoo2, Byung-Do Kim2, and Myung-Hoon YI3* 1Gyeongsangnam-do Forest Environment Research Institute, Jinju 660-871, Korea 2Daegu Arboretum 284 Daegok-Dong Dalse-Gu Daegu 704-310, Korea 3Department of Landscape Architecture, Graduate School, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea Abstract: We surveyed that vascular plants can be classified into 90 families and 240 genus, 336 species, 69 variants, 22 forms, 3 subspecies, total 430 taxa. Dicotyledon plant is 80.9%, monocotyledon plant is 9.8%, Pteridophyta is 8.1%, Gymnosermae is 1.2% among the whole plant family. Rare and endangered plants are Crypsinus hastatus, Lilium distichum, Viola albida, Rhododendron micranthum, totalling four species. Endemic plants are Carex okamotoi, Salix koriyanagi for. koriyanagi, Clematis trichotoma, Thalictrum actaefolium var. brevistylum, Galium trachyspermum, Asperula lasiantha, Weigela subsessilis, Adenophora verticillata var. hirsuta, Aster koraiensis, Cirsium chanroenicum and Saussurea seoulensis total 11 taxa. Specialized plants are 20 classification for I class, 7 classifications for the II class, 7 classifications for the III class, 2 classification for the IV class, and 1 classification for the V class, total 84 taxa. Naturalized plants specified in this study are 10 types but Naturalization rate is not high compared to the area of BaekDu-DaeGan. This survey area is focused on the center of BaekDu- DaeGan, and it has been affected by excessive investigations and this area has been preserved as Buddhist temples' woods. -
The Phenology of Plants in the Humid Tropics
The Phenology of Plants in the Humid Tropics P. R. WYCHERLEY1 Abstract Meteorological phenomena (as indicated by cloudiness and hours of bright sunshine) reinforce or modify the relatively small differences in daylength which result from astronomical conditions. Examples of photoperiodism are discussed in relation to this. The 'storm' stimulus (fast-falling temperature and/or breaking of water stress) stimulates anthesis in representatives of several families of flowering plants. The flowering of evergreen forest trees (e.g. Dipterocarpaceae) at irregular intervals is attributed to preceding periods with large diurnal temperature ranges and high maximum temperatures in dicating high insolation (which is probably the main inductive factor, because of consequent bio chemical conditions associated with accumulation of assimilates and high carbohydrate status). Such flowering is thus not attributed to drought. Flowering in many deciduous trees follows leaf-fall and/or new leaf appearance. Floral initiation may occur during a period when the tree bears only senescent leaves. Leaf abscission, and thus subsequent emergence of new leaves and flowers, appears to be a response to drought. Susceptibility to dry periods in particular seasons, more than in others, may be due to lack of response by new leaves not yet 'hardened' which results in an insensitive period, followed by a phase in which senescence is accelerated by photoperiodic conditions. In this last phase the foliage is sensitized. Following the discovery of vernalization by the chilling of germinating seed (Gassner, 1918) and of photoperiodism or the effect of daylength (Garner and Allard, 1920), the environmental stimuli operative in many flowering plants of the temperate regions have become evident. -
Plant Genetics
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Nature Reviews Genetics | AOP, published online 9 October 2014; doi:10.1038/nrg3843 PLANT GENETICS Notably, in accordance with the team’s earlier hypothesis on the specific stepwise progression of gene loss in Following the early root heterotrophic flowering plants (NAD(P)H genes followed by photosynthesis-related genes, of plastome degradation plastid-encoded RNA polymerase genes, ATP synthase genes and Parasitic organisms are often for high-throughput sequencing. housekeeping genes), coralroots genomically and morphologically De novo assembly was then used to are in the early stages of genome reduced. For example, some parasitic piece together the genomes and degradation. This study indicates that coralroots plants contain degraded plastid to define genes and pseudogenes. a specific path does seem to exist for are in the genomes owing to a reduced need In addition, chlorophyll content was plastid genome degradation (with to photosynthesize. A new study measured for several plants from some exceptions) and that coralroots initial steps now shows that coralroot orchids are each species. Some coralroot orchids are in the initial steps towards towards the in the early stages of the transition have green tissues, and it is thought the transition to a highly reduced transition to a to a parasitic lifestyle, and that this that these species are still able to chloroplast genome, which is typical condition has arisen independently at photosynthesize, whereas those of obligate parasites. “This condition highly reduced least twice in the genus. without any green tissues cannot. has arisen independently at least chloroplast Most coralroot orchids do not have The authors report a correlation twice in the genus, making coralroots genome leaves, produce little chlorophyll between the number of functional a powerful system in which to study and depend on fungi to obtain chloroplast genes and chlorophyll the transition to parasitism,” explains nutrients. -
Phytogeographic Review of Vietnam and Adjacent Areas of Eastern Indochina L
KOMAROVIA (2003) 3: 1–83 Saint Petersburg Phytogeographic review of Vietnam and adjacent areas of Eastern Indochina L. V. Averyanov, Phan Ke Loc, Nguyen Tien Hiep, D. K. Harder Leonid V. Averyanov, Herbarium, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov str. 2, Saint Petersburg 197376, Russia E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Phan Ke Loc, Department of Botany, Viet Nam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam. E-mail: [email protected] Nguyen Tien Hiep, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources of the National Centre for Natural Sciences and Technology of Viet Nam, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam. E-mail: [email protected] Dan K. Harder, Arboretum, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, U.S.A. E-mail: [email protected] The main phytogeographic regions within the eastern part of the Indochinese Peninsula are delimited on the basis of analysis of recent literature on geology, geomorphology and climatology of the region, as well as numerous recent literature information on phytogeography, flora and vegetation. The following six phytogeographic regions (at the rank of floristic province) are distinguished and outlined within eastern Indochina: Sikang-Yunnan Province, South Chinese Province, North Indochinese Province, Central Annamese Province, South Annamese Province and South Indochinese Province. Short descriptions of these floristic units are given along with analysis of their floristic relationships. Special floristic analysis and consideration are given to the Orchidaceae as the largest well-studied representative of the Indochinese flora. 1. Background The Socialist Republic of Vietnam, comprising the largest area in the eastern part of the Indochinese Peninsula, is situated along the southeastern margin of the Peninsula.