Revisiting ANPC's Rare Plants Book

Home , Antennaria monocephala, Corallorhiza mertensiana, Geography of Alberta, Hieracium piloselloides, Pilosella caespitosa, Pilosella flagellaris

Iris No. 69 • January 2013 The Alberta Native Plant Council Newsletter Revisiting ANPC’s Rare Plants Book

by Linda Kershaw

of Alberta, you will see that each Line drawing – Illustrations came consists of five main components: from a variety of sources, including an a block of text (name, description, ANHIC collection of commissioned and notes); a photo; a line drawing; drawings and a variety of previously an Alberta distribution map; a North published works (most notably the America distribution map. five-volume Flora of the Pacific Northwest published by the University of Text – Although the four editors Washington Press). The ANPC even compiled, organized, and edited the commissioned some original drawings information, there were also more to fill the last remaining gaps. than 30 additional Alberta botanists who contributed species accounts Alberta distribution map – The and other text (you can see their detailed Alberta dot maps were smiling faces on page 483 of the provided by ANHIC during the last book). Alberta Environment staff days of production. These were (first through the Recreation and generated electronically using the Protected Areas Program and later ANHIC/ACIMS (Alberta Conservation through the Alberta Natural Heritage Information Management System) Information Centre [ANHIC]) was database. key to the project, from generating When Rare Vascular Plants of Alberta the initial species list to sorting out North America distribution map was finally published in 2001, it was taxonomic problems and providing a – The Biota of North America the culmination of 10 years of work wide range of information. Also, several Program (BONAP) at the University of involving many dedicated volunteers. distinguished botanists from outside the North Carolina kindly provided North From conception to completion, ANPC generously donated hours of the book was a collaborative effort, time to review the completed text. See Rare Plants Book, page 2 with more than 100 individuals and – Thirty-seven organizations involved. In the following Photo In this Issue . . . paragraphs, I have purposely left out photographers generously individual names and funding agencies, donated photos for the Blasted Birches ...... 5 because there are just too many. If you book, and most gave the University of Calgary Herbarium ...... 6 want more details, check out the preface ANPC permission to Botanical Legacy of W. C. McCalla ...... 8 in the book. duplicate their images for Whitehorse Wildland Park Steward Report ...... 9 use in educational material. Cranberry Common Names ...... 10 When you look at most species Identifying Hieracium Species of Alberta ...... 12 treatments in Rare Vascular Plants Rare Plants Book, from page 1 school library in Alberta. Generating of these have been removed because America distribution maps. Mapping mailing labels for all of the libraries of taxonomic confusion or lack of projects are a huge undertaking, was surprisingly time-consuming, but information, but most (48 or 10% of much too complex for a volunteer eventually over 700 books were sent the original 484) are now considered organization like ANPC to tackle, so out, and the ANPC received a flood of too common or widespread to be generous donations from ANHIC and thank-you notes from pleased librarians. classified as rare. Similarly, an additional BONAP were very important to the 30 species (6% of the 484) have been book. Another objective of the book was moved from the tracking list to the to help botanists and other plant watch list, because they are now known Something that you might not notice enthusiasts identify and report the to be more widespread than they at first glance is the overall design locations of rare plants, so that the appeared in 2001. of the book. When all of the components were finally You would think that this compiled, the University of would result in a substantially Alberta Press (UAP) and shorter tracking list for the Canadian Forest Service took province. But Alberta botanists on the task of joint publication. are a busy bunch. Each year Staff at the UAP designed the they find new and therefore cover and the page layout and rare species to report. Of the proceeded to insert all of the bits 442 species on the May 2012 and pieces into the appropriate tracking list, 54 species do slots—a major undertaking not appear in Rare Vascular with 415 photos, 480 drawings Plants of Alberta and of these, and >800 maps to place, plus 35 also do not appear in the hundreds of pages of text. At Flora of Alberta. The ANPC is last, all of the information and trying to fill this information illustrations began to form a gap. Accounts have been real book. As production neared completed for 18 of these new completion, 15 additional rare species, and the treatments can species were identified for be found in the publications inclusion, and these were added section of www.anpc.ab.ca. Of as an addendum to bring the course, work continues on the book truly up-to-date. remaining species. If you have good photos of any of the And so, in 2001, the Rare Vascular new species that you would be Plants of Alberta finally hit the willing to share, please let us shelves and was welcomed with know. open arms and rave reviews. In 2002, it was awarded the Scholarly Book Northern fringed gentian That brings us up to the present. of the Year at the Alberta Book Awards Gentianopsis detonsa ssp. raupii There are only a few books remaining and it also received the Canadian Forest S1 in print, and there are lots of changes Photo L. Kershaw Service Merit Award. to be made, so this would seem to be a good time for a revision. We hope But the ANPC’s work was not yet ANHIC/ACIMS database could more to meet with the publishers soon to done. One of the major reasons for accurately reflect the distribution and discuss possibilities. Maybe an electronic producing the book was to spread the status of these species. We like to think version would be the way to go this word about Alberta’s rare plants to non- that the Rare Vascular Plants of Alberta time. We will let you know! botanists. To this end, we applied for has been instrumental in achieving and received a grant to purchase and this goal over the past 11 years. Of the distribute copies of the Rare Vascular original 484 rare species in the book, See Rare Plants Book, page 3 Plants of Alberta to every municipal, 68 (13%) are no longer included in university, college, and senior high the ACIMS tracking/watch list. Some

2 Iris No. 69 • January 2013 Rare Plants Book, from page 2 Alberta Native Plant Council Species in Rare Vascular Plants of Alberta No Longer on the Tracking List or Watch List Garneau P.O. 52099 Edmonton, AB T6G 2T5 website: www.anpc.ab.ca e-mail: [email protected] 2000 2012 Species Pg # President SRank SRank Kelly Ostermann Populus angustifolia S3 S3 10 [email protected] Oplopanax horridus S3 S3 19 Vice- President Leslie Monteleone Vaccinium uliginosum S2 S3 23 [email protected]

Potamogeton natans S2 S3 32 Secretary S2 S3 35 Laurie Hamilton Potamogeton praelongus [email protected] Malaxis monophylla S2 S3 54 Treasurer Eriogonum ovalifolium S3 S3 60 Amar Keshri [email protected] Chenopodium leptophyllum SU SNR 66 Directors Ranunculus gelidus S3 S3 87 Marsha Hayward (Northern) Aquilegia formosa S2 S3 90 [email protected] Tony Blake (Central) Draba ﬂadnizensis S1 SNA 95 [email protected] Vacant (Southern) Draba kananaskis S1 SNA 96 Chrissie Smith (Nature Alberta) Draba glabella S1 SNA 98 dragonﬂ[email protected]

Barbarea orthoceras S2 S3 102 Membership Secretary Erysimum pallasii S3 S3 106 Kelly Ostermann [email protected] Cardamine bellidifolia S2 S3 108 Volunteer Coordinator Cardamine umbellata S2 S3 109 Janine Lemire [email protected] Drosera anglica S3 S3 111 Conservation Action Sarracenia purpurea S2 S3 113 John Potter Saxifraga nelsoniana S2 S3 117 [email protected] Parnassia parviﬂora S2 SNR 125 Education and Information Mari Decker Astragalus lotiﬂorus S2 S3 133 [email protected] Jim Posey Oxytropis jordalii SRF SNA 136 [email protected]

Psoralea argophylla S3 S3 137 Rare Plants Lupinus lepidus SRF SNA 140 Leslie Monteleone [email protected] Epilobium oreganum SRF SNA 155 Norma Calvo [email protected] Epilobium mirabile ? SNR 156 Reclamation and Horticulture Pterospora andromedea S3 S3 166 Kristyn Housman Primula stricta S1 SNA 167 [email protected] Asclepias ovalifolia S3 S3 176 Webmaster Mark Mayner Veronica serpyllifolia S3 S3 193 [email protected] Pedicularis lanata S2 S3 201 Newsletter Committee Dana Bush Castilleja lutescens S2S3 S3 202-3 [email protected] Laurie Hamilton Orobanche ludoviciana S2 S3 205 [email protected] Patricia McIsaac Orobanche uniﬂora S2 S3 205 [email protected] Alfred Falk [email protected] See Rare Plants Book, page 4

No. 69 • January 2013 Iris 3 Rare Plants Book, from page 3

Species in Rare Vascular Plants of Alberta No Longer on the Tracking List or Watch List (cont’d)

2000 2012 Species Pg # SRank SRank Machaeranthera tanacetifolia SX SX 220 Psilocarphus elatior S2 SNA 229 Antennaria monocephala S2 SNR 231 Coreopsis tinctoria S2 S3 235 Hieracium cynoglossoides S2S3 S3 253 Juncus filiformis S2S3 S3 259 Juncus confusus S2S3 S3 260 Eriophorum scheuchzeri S3 S3 271 Carex haydeniana S3 S3 281 Carex loliacea S3 S3 287 Carex trisperma S3 S3 288 Carex tonsa var. tonsa S3 S3 291 Carex backii SU S3 292 Carex petricosa S2 S3 294 Yellow monkeyflower Mimulus guttatus Carex raynoldsii S3 S3S4 295 S2S3 Carex houghtoniana S2 S3S4 303 Photo L. Kershaw Carex pseudocyperus S2 S3 305 Carex pauciflora S3 S3 307 Carex rostrata S2 S3 308 Carex retrorsa S2 S3 309 Agrostis thurberiana S2 SNA 320 Danthonia californica S3 S3 326 Danthonia unispicata S3 S3 326 Poa nervosa S3 S3 332 Poa leptocoma S3 S3 333 Elymus elymoides S3 S3 343 Elymus virginicus S1 SNR 345 Huperzia haleakalae S2 SU 350 Huperzia selago S1 SU 350 Botrychium minganense S2S3 SU 354 Polypodium virginianum S2? SNR 370 White water-lily Botrychium boreale S1 SNA 376 Nymphaea tetragona S1 Hydrophyllum capitatum S2S3 S3 383 Photo L. Kershaw

See Rare Plants Book, page 5

4 Iris No. 69 • January 2013 Rare Plants Book, from page 4 Blasted Species in Rare Vascular Plants of Alberta Now on the Watch List Rather Than the Tracking List Birches 2000 2012 Species Name In Book Pg # SRank SRank by C. Dana Bush Polygonum polygaloides S2 S3 63 I spent much of the summer in rubber Coptis trifolia S3 S3 85 boots, slogging through the muskeg Ranunculus occidentalis var. brevistylis S2 S3 86 in the boreal forest, identifying plants Ranunculus uncinatus S2 S3 87 and looking for rare plants. Three of Parietaria pensylvanica S2 S3 92 the dominant species are birches, and Cardamine pratensis S1S2 S3 110 I began to curse every time I tried to Drosera linearis S2 S3 112 key one out, so I now have lots of practice. Despite the practice keying Saxifraga ferruginea S2 S3 117 out bog birch (Betula glandulosa) and Potentilla paradoxa S2 S3 129 dwarf birch (Betula pumila), I still fail. Astragalus purshii S2 S3 133 Finally, after struggling with the key Pyrola grandiﬂora S2 S3 163 and debating ad nauseum with my Gentiana glauca S2 S3 173 co-workers, I reached for the Flora of Lycopus americanus S2 S3 190 North America (FNA). Aha! The pesky Physostegia virginiana var. ledinghamii S2 S3 191 shrubs are hybridizing.

Pedicularis capitata S2 S3 199 According to John J. Furlow (FNA Plantago canescens S2 S3 208 Vol. 3), “Where their ranges meet, Artemisia tilesii S2 S3 241 B. glandulosa intergrades with both B. Senecio megacephalus S3 S3 245 pumila Linnaeus and B. nana Linnaeus Stephanomeria runcinata S2 S3 247 subsp. exilis (Sukaczev) Hultén, Trichophorum pumilum S2 S3 271 creating a confusing complex of Carex capitata S2 S3 276 intermediate forms. . . . Wherever Betula glandulosa comes in contact Carex hookerana S2 S3 277 with B. pumila, it forms a bewildering Carex parryana S1S2 S3 295 swarm of plants, known as B. × Schizachyrium scoparium S3 S3 310 sargentii Dugle, having intermediate Anthoxanthum monticola / Hierochloe alpina S2 S3 314 states of most vegetative characters.” Muhlenbergia asperifolia S2 S3 317 Hmmm. Confusing complex. Botrychium multiﬁdum S2 S3 358 Bewildering swarm. That certainly describes what I was seeing. Polypodium sibiricum S1? S3 370 Bromus vulgaris S2S3 S3 378 From the description in FNA and the Castilleja cusickii S2S3 S3 384 maps in Flora of Alberta (Moss 1983) it appears that Betula glandulosa occurs more often in drier upland habitats in Subnational Conservation Status Rank (SRank) deﬁnitions are listed on the website of the Alberta Conservation Information the arctic, alpine, and boreal regions, Management System (ACIMS). particularly in the mountains of Alberta but also in boreal wetlands. http://albertaparks.ca/albertaparksca/management-land-use/ Betula pumila is a somewhat more alberta-conservation-information-management-system-(acims)/ tracking-watch-lists.aspx boreal species, occurring in swamps and muskeg. In northern Alberta, where they co-occur, I will now call See Rare Plants Book, page 7 them B. x sargentii. ♦

No. 69 • January 2013 Iris 5 University of Calgary Herbarium — 50 Years & Still Collecting by Bonnie Smith Ode to a Herbarium The University of Calgary Herbarium Agricultural College. Included within currently holds over 86,000 vascular the Sanson Collection are 718 original In a room in the basement of the plant specimens as well as some 9,000 John Macoun specimens (collected Biological Sciences Building stands non-vascular plant specimens (6,700 with William Spreadborough in 1891 ranks of metal cabinets filled with lichens, 2,200 bryophytes, 500 algal and in advance of the opening of the pressed plants and groups of tall fungi collections). The primary focus museum in 1895). In 1970, the N. B. benches with dissecting scopes. This is the University of Calgary of the vascular plant collection is the Sanson Collection of vascular plants Herbarium. A coil-bound notebook flora of Alberta and western Canada; was donated to the herbarium by on a table near the door contains however, specimens from across Canada the Parks Branch of the Canadian the names of all amateur and and the United States, especially arctic Department of Indian and Northern professional botanists who visit. regions, as well as specimens from Affairs. A. R. Prince was the first head Past the walls of cabinets lies the many other countries are also contained of the University of Calgary’s Biology book-lined corner office of the within the holdings. Dr. Stuart Harris Department (1956–1965). Many other herbarium technician, Bonnie Smith. (retired, Department of Geography) early collectors are represented by is in the process of donating specimens in the historical collections. A herbarium is built by collectors approximately 12,000 vascular plant A database project is currently and maintained by technicians and curators. It becomes not only a specimens to the herbarium. The lichen underway to account for all herbarium repository of specimens, but also a and bryophyte specimens are also a holdings and to make such information history of botanists and institutions. recent donation from Dr. Harris. These available online. We botanists come to the herbarium collections document his research on to learn the plants of Alberta, to permafrost in alpine and arctic habitats Various consulting companies and check the identification of a rare around the world. In addition, the members of the public actively use the specimen, or to identify an unknown non-vascular plant collection contains herbarium collections for identification plant. The botany community is a reference set of Alberta lichens and and other purposes. The herbarium a small one, and in perusing the bryophytes—on permanent loan from hosts monthly meetings of the collection one can find specimens the Provincial Museum of Alberta Southern Alberta Rare Plant Study submitted by many of our friends and colleagues, including Kim (PMAE)—from our original holdings Group the first Saturday of the month, Ottenbreit, Jane Lancaster, of some 90,000 specimens, which were October to May—please contact ANPC Cliff Wallis, Mari Decker, Leslie sent to PMAE in 1995. for further information. We are actively Monteleone, and many beautiful accepting donations of well-pressed, specimens from Ian Macdonald. Herbarium holdings include a reference interesting plant specimens (with label collection (one specimen of all non-rare or suitable label information). The While at the herbarium, we stay to Alberta species), a rare plant collection University of Calgary offers the course chat with Bonnie and other botanists (based on specimens contained within Principles of Plant Taxonomy (Bota about field trips, mosquitoes and the Alberta Conservation Information 541) in the herbarium lab during the fall ticks, the obscure taxonomy of Management System list) and various term. plants, the changes made in the Flora of North America, and the teaching and special collections. Also, history of the collection. We leave the vascular plant collection has some The University of Calgary Herbarium with appreciation for this precious 11,000 historically important specimens, began informally in 1960 with collection—so essential for field the greater proportion composed of specimens donated to the university by botanists and biodiversity—and for 6,000 N. B. Sanson specimens (1891– Russell Carefoot and others. In 1962, Bonnie’s knowledge and help. 1945)—the original herbarium of the Dr. C. D. Bird joined the Biology staff, Banff Natural History Museum—and donated his entire personal collection C. Dana Bush 2,400 A. R. Prince specimens (1885– to the university, and became curator 1936, the majority from the 1920s)—the of the herbarium. At about this time original herbarium of the Nova Scotia the herbarium was given the code See Herbarium, page 7

6 Iris No. 69 • January 2013 Herbarium, from page 6 Rare Plants Book, from page 5 designation “UAC”—as the university Species on the Tracking List but Not was then called the University of in Rare Vascular Plants of Alberta or in Flora of Alberta Alberta at Calgary—and was listed in the Index Herbariorum (the herbaria of Posted the world). Dr. R. T. Ogilvie joined the Species 2012 SRank on ANPC staff in 1963 and became curator of the Website vascular plant herbarium, while Dr. Bird Antennaria media SU continued to curate the non-vascular Asarum caudatum SNR plants. In 1967, Mrs. B. M. Hallworth Botrychium lineare S1 X became herbarium technician, and Dr. Botrychium oneidense S1 X Bird again assumed curation of all plant Botrychium pallidum S1 X groups. Dr. Bird retired in 1979, and in 1980, Dr. C. C. Chinnappa took over as Bouteloua curtipendula S1 X director of the herbarium collections. Braya humilis ssp. humilis S1 X Beryl Hallworth retired in 1977, and Braya humilis ssp. maccallae S1 X four years later Bonnie Smith took on Braya humilis ssp. porsildii S1 X the position of herbarium technician. Campanula aparinoides S1 X Carex bicolor S1 The University of Calgary Herbarium Carex cordillerana S1 X is located in the Biological Sciences Building in the basement, Room 013. Carex echinata ssp. echinata S1 X The hours of operation are 8:30 a.m. Carex garberi S2S3 to 4:30 p.m., Monday to Friday. The Carex inﬁrminervia S1 X herbarium is open to the public. To Carex lenticularis var. lenticularis S1 X arrange a visit please contact Bonnie Castilleja parviﬂora S1 X Smith, Herbarium Technician, 403- Corallorhiza mertensiana SU 220-5262 ([email protected]) or Dr. C. C. Chinnappa, Emeritus Professor Cryptantha kelseyana S1 and Director of the Herbarium, Draba paysonii var. treleasii S2? ([email protected]). ♦ Eleocharis erythropoda SU Eleocharis mamillata S1 Elodea canadensis SU Festuca lenensis SU Fraxinus pennsylvanica S1 X Gymnocarpium disjunctum S1 Lathyrus palustris S1 Liparis loeselii S1 X Mimulus ringens S1 X Oenothera psammophila SU Polemonium occidentale ssp. occidentale SU Potamogeton nodosus S1 Psilocarphus brevissimus var. brevissimus S2S3 X Quercus macrocarpa SU X Salix tyrrellii S1 X Schoenoplectus heterochaetus S1 Widgeon-grass Ruppia cirrhosa Visit the ANPC website at www.anpc.ab.ca to order one of the few remaining S1 books in print or to view addenda to Rare Vascular Plants of Alberta. ♦ Photo L. Kershaw

No. 69 • January 2013 Iris 7 The Botanical Legacy of W. C. McCalla

by Gloria J. Toole

Depression era students peer His photo- through the gloom. The green canvas illustrated book, blinds of their classroom at Calgary Wildflowers of Normal School are drawn. Suddenly, Western Canada,3 a magnificent purple-blue flower published in 1920, blossoms on the projection screen. was issued to Each petal, pistil, and stamen is sharply every school on defined, subtly shaded. Each stem and the prairies. In frond shines summer green. Faces it he described change from student boredom to awe. plants as vividly as novelists describe Their lecturer, William Copeland their characters: McCalla, sternly surveys his class “From a close through thick, round black spectacles. hard fight . . . the Fruit of love-in-mist (Nigella) – an example of McCalla’s “This next slide brings out that point dandelion stays and hand-coloured lantern slides (See Note 4 below) very well.”1 fights it out . . . dodging serious travelling with Captain John Palliser. He is creating a legacy of beauty and lawn-mower injury by spreading its A few other botanists such as N. B. exacting botany. leaves flat and bearing its flowers Sanson, A. R. Prince, E. H. Moss and on very short stems.” He included G. H. Turner were out collecting on the This was no ordinary slide. It was one sections on ecology such as “The prairies and in the Rockies at the same of nearly 1,000 black and white photos Forest invading a Peat Bog.” The book time as McCalla. He eagerly exchanged of western Canadian plants McCalla enticed teachers, thousands of students, specimens with Turner and Moss like had photographed, then printed onto and the general public to “hunt” as some people trade hockey cards and pieces of glass (3 ½ x 4 inches in size). well. McCalla’s influence spread like regularly conferred with A. E. Porsild Aided by a magnifying glass, he painted dandelions. of the National Museum of Canada. each detail with a fine brush and artfully mixed dyes and oil paints.2 Finally, he McCalla was born in 1872 in St. McCalla’s eye for beauty, his explorer covered each image with a protective Catharines, Ontario. He briefly studied attitude, and his meticulous technique glass plate. botany at Cornell but left because of vastly expanded the field. W. C. packed asthma and poor eyesight. Nonetheless, his heavy bellows camera, tripod, and “He showed such an understanding of he was unstoppable. He became a specimen box to do it. Once he camped the flower that the colour is completely market gardener and experimental for a whole week beside a rare mountain accurate,” says Dorothy Fabijan, present farmer. He lectured at various plant waiting for just the right light. assistant curator at the University of agricultural institutes in the province Each specimen he collected was noted Alberta Vascular Plant Herbarium. and at the Ontario Agricultural College and dated in one of his field books (still in Guelph. Hoping for better health, he available at the University of Alberta). McCalla taught 4,168 students (he moved west in 1913, first to Edmonton, A willow, gathered by him on an early counted them) at Calgary Normal from then to a farm at Bremner (now an trip to the Rockies in 1899, is named 1925–1937. Many became teachers. He acreage near Sherwood Park), and after him: Salix maccalliana Rowlee. established a Natural History Club and finally to Calgary. soon led club members into the field. “He chose the best specimens,” says One of his colleagues, Dr. McKerricher, When McCalla arrived, western Fabijan. “Good flowers, all the leaves; wrote, “As of old he is much abroad Canadian botany had been only ones with no insects or disease.” and he is a real hunter, but he hunts roughly defined through people like See McCalla, page 9 with the camera.” John Macoun and the botany team 8 Iris No. 69 • January 2013 McCalla, from page 8 Whitehorse Wildland Park: His mountings aren’t just useful. Each page is a masterpiece of design. Even Steward Report after 60 to 90 years of storage each colour is richly preserved. McCalla Report by Sam Pittman, summarized by C. Dana Bush often created the design in the field. He carefully flattened the plant onto Sam Pittman is the new steward of Whitehorse Wildland Park. What a great blotting paper ensuring no piece excuse to go hiking through a beautiful mountain pass (the Cardinal Divide) touched another. He added cardboard while working to protect it at the same time! Sam replaces Alison Dinwoodie, our and strapped it into a press. He used previous steward, and he has submitted a detailed steward report to the ANPC his wife Margaret’s oven for final Board. drying: cookies had to wait. Each specimen was labelled, then stored in In summary, Sam reports that revegetation of the rutted areas in the Cardinal green enamelled cabinets secured in Divide—damaged by recreation activities in the late ’90s—is very limited. New his study. Grandchildren entered “by signs and an effective boulder barrier should help this area re-establish without invitation only.” further disturbance. Thankfully, Sam did not see evidence of any recent off-road recreation damage on the Cardinal Divide, although off-road recreation use in That invitation has since broadened. the surrounding area was very high. He is concerned that there were no parks McCalla left the slides, 25 photograph employees present during the busy August long weekend, and Alison concurred albums, and thousands of mountings. that it has been a long standing problem. Sam is interested in pursuing more Over 12,000 of the 115,000 specimens options to replant native species, as it appears that the alpine plants are very slow at the University of Alberta are his. to re-establish on disturbed sites. ♦ Others are in Alberta’s Provincial Archives, the University of Calgary, the National Museum of Canada, the New York Botanical Garden, the University of Toronto, the Royal Botanical Garden at Kew . . . Example of persistent Now an intrepid public can discover erosion and revegetation issues in the Cardinal the glory of his legacy. Divide area ______Photo S. Pittman

NOTES:

1. The quotes related to Calgary Normal School appear in yearbooks archived and online at the University of Calgary library.

2. Some of the slides were digitally reproduced for an exhibit, Immortal Typical slopes and views, Nature’s Ageless Harmony, at the Cardinal Divide area Provincial Archives, Edmonton in Photo S. Pittman 2007. See: http://culture.alberta. ca/paa/eventsandexhibits/exhibits/ botanicallantern.aspx. A set of four different images can be purchased as greeting cards through their shop.

3. The book can be downloaded at archive. org/details/wildﬂowersofwes00mccauoft.

4. Illustration credit: W. C. McCalla. 1925- 1938. Fruit of Love-In-Mist (Nigella). Reproduction of hand-coloured lantern slide. The Provincial Archives of Alberta. Accession #PR1982.325/20. ♦

No. 69 • January 2013 Iris 9 Confusion with Cranberry Common Names by C. Dana Bush

Common names vary across North America, and even across Alberta. This can cause some confusion when common names are quoted without the author seeing the actual plant and verifying the scientific name. I have seen Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) where an anthropologist reported that a native community used lowbush cranberries (meaning Vaccinium vitis-idaea) and the botanist mapped lowbush cranberry (Viburnum edule) in the EIA. The following is a summary of the various common names used in northern Alberta, along with the names listed in the Flora of Alberta and various field guides. The scientific names are from the Flora of Alberta with the new names from the Flora of North America (FNA) in brackets. Common names in bold are my preferred names.

Common Scientiﬁc Name Comments Names Oxycoccus microcarpus small bog cranberry Bogs and poor fens, on Turcz. peatmoss. Tiny leaves with (Vaccinium oxycoccus ridiculously large berries. Linnaeus) Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. cranberry Sites with poor acidic soils, such lingonberry as bogs, and with blueberries bog cranberry in sandy upland sites. Low Oxycoccus microcarpus lowbush cranberry growing, rhizomatous, and Photo M. Hayward evergreen. Viburnum edule mooseberry Upland sites – under aspen, (Michx.) Raf. lowbush cranberry balsam poplar, or white spruce. highbush cranberry Knee-high shrub. Autumn plants smell like . . . moose. Viburnum opulus ssp. pembina Moist river valleys. Limited trilobum (Marsh) highbush cranberry distribution. Tall shrubs with Clausen clusters of berries. (Viburnum opulus var. americanum Aiton in ITIS.* No entry in FNA yet.) *Integrated Taxonomic Information System Vaccinium vitis-idaea Photo E. Beaubien

Viburnum opulus ssp. trilobum Photo J. B. Posey ♦

Viburnum edule Photo L. Hamilton

10 Iris No. 69 • January 2013 ANPC Needs a Southern Director

DATA UPDATE: Element Are you located in southern Alberta and do Occurrence (EO) data updated to you want to become more involved with the November 2012 ANPC? We are currently seeking a Southern Director to coordinate and attend activities or ACIMS has updated the List of Tracked and Watched events pertaining to the ANPC’s interests in Elements (rare species), Tracked and Watched Ecological southern Alberta. Communities, and the List of All Elements for Alberta. The latest ﬁles (November 2012) are available for If interested, please email [email protected] download on the ACIMS website at AlbertaParks.ca or contact Janine at 403-478-2911. (or Google ACIMS Alberta).♦

Join us for ANPC’s 26th Workshop & AGM The Role of Vegetation in Alberta’s Wetlands Saturday, April 13, 2013 Olds College, Olds, Alberta Program information and registration form available at www.anpc.ab.ca

Iris is published three times a year by ANPC. The Council aims to increase knowledge of Alberta’s wild Addenda ﬂora and to preserve this diverse for the resource for the enjoyment of present and future generations. Rare Vascular If you have an announcement, article or other item, you are invited to submit Plants of it to the editor for publication. Items Alberta concerning native plants will be given are now Past issues of Iris highest priority. are now available available! online at The editors reserve the right to edit www.anpc.ab.ca submissions, but will review changes with the authors whenever possible. Disputes will be resolved in favour of For information, drawings, and the audience. range maps of rare vascular plant Copyright remains with the authors species of Alberta not found in except where noted. Permission to the Rare Vascular Plants of Alberta reprint is generally granted, but please (Kershaw et al. 2001) please visit contact the editors for details. the Alberta Native Plant Council’s Submission deadline for the next website at www.anpc.ab.ca under issue: February 1, 2013 Publications. This is an ongoing project with plant species added as A subscription to Iris is included with the pages are completed. membership in the ANPC. To join, contact the secretary, or check our website, www.anpc.ab.ca.

No. 69 • January 2013 Iris 11 Hieracium Hieracium Hieracium Hieracium Hieracium aurantiacum L. flagellare caespitosum piloselloides umbellatum L. Willdenow Dumortier Villars

corollas orange, yellow, 6–10+ mm yellow, 8–12+ mm yellow, 6–9 mm yellow, 10–18 mm 10–14+ mm (often each with red stripe on back)

involucres campanulate, hemispheric, campanulate, campanulate, campanulate to 6–8 mm (9–)12–13 mm 7.5–9 mm 5–7 mm hemispheric, (8–)9–11+ mm florets per 25–120+ 90–120+ 25–50+ (40–)60–80+ 30–80+ head pappus 25–30+, white in 1 25–40+, white in 1 25–30+, white in 1 25–40+,white in 1 50–60+, straw- (bristles in series, 3.5–4 mm series, 4–5+ mm series, 4–5(–6) mm series, 3–4 mm coloured to sordid all these in ± 2 series, species) 6–7 mm achenes 1.2–1.5(–2) mm 1–2.5 mm 1.5–1.8 mm 1.5–2 mm 2.5–3.5 mm (columnar in all these species)

phyllaries 13–30+, apices 30–40, apices 12–18+, apices 12–18+, apices 12–21+, apices (equal or acuminate, outer acuminate, outer acute to acute to rounded to acute, subequal in surfaces piloso- surfaces stellate- acuminate, outer acuminate, outer outer surfaces all these hirsute, stellate- pubescent, surfaces piloso- surfaces piloso- usually glabrous, species) pubescent, and sometimes, piloso- hirsute (hairs hirsute (hairs rarely piloso-hirsute stipitate-glandular hirsute and stipitate-1–2.5+), stellate- 0.5–1.5+), stellate- and/or stipitate- glandular as well pubescent, and pubescent, and glandular stipitate-glandular stipitate-glandular

bractlets at 5–8+ 13–15+ 5–8+ 3–12+ 9–15+ base of head (sometimes merging into phyllaries)

peduncles stellate-pubescent piloso-hirsute, piloso-hirsute (hairs piloso-hirsute (hairs usually stellate- and stipitate- stellate-pubescent, 1–2.5 mm), stellate- 1–2+ mm), stellate- pubescent glandular and stipitate- pubescent, and pubescent, and glandular stipitate-glandular stipitate-glandular

heads 3–7(–12+) in ± 2–4+ in ± 5–25+ in ± (3–)10–30+ in (1–)5–30(–100+) in umbelliform arrays umbelliform to umbelliform or subumbelliform or corymbiform to corymbiform arrays congested, corymbiform arrays subumbelliform corymbiform arrays arrays

12 Iris No. 69 • January 2013 Hieracium Hieracium triste Hieracium Comparison scouleri Willdenow ex albiflorum Hooker Sprengel Hooker Table of corollas yellow, 10–12 mm yellow, 5–6 mm white, 9–10 mm Hieracium Species Found involucres campanulate, ± campanulate, ± campanulate, 8–10 mm (6–)7–10 mm (7–)8–10(–11) mm in Alberta –

florets per 20–45+ 20–60+ (6–)12–25+ Part I head pappus 32–40+, white or 30–40+ white or 30–40+, straw- Compiled by J. B. Posey (bristles in straw-coloured in ± sordid in ± 2 series coloured in ± 2 all these 2 series, 6–7 mm series, Over the past two or three years, there have species) (4–)5–7 mm been reports of introduced hawkweeds that were not known to be in Alberta. In achenes 3 mm ± (red-brown 1.5–3.5 mm 2.5–4 mm some cases there are significant infestations. (columnar or black) Yellow hawkweeds are superficially so in all these similar that new introduced species could species) be mistaken for the native (sometimes problematic in agriculture) Hieracium umbellatum. Identification aids are needed to phyllaries 12–21+, apices 13–21+, apices 8–13+, apices avoid misdirected eradication efforts. The (equal or rounded to acute, acuminate, outer acuminate, outer key and spreadsheet you find here are an subequal in outer surfaces surfaces piloso- surfaces piloso- attempt to provide one such aid. all these piloso-hirsute, hirsute (hairs hirsute (hairs species) stellate-pubescent, 1–3+ mm), stellate- 1–2+ mm), stellate- There are 36 species of Hieracium in and stipitate- pubescent, and pubescent, and Flora of North America (FNA). Of those glandular stipitate-glandular stipitate-glandular species, four native species are in Alberta, and four introduced species are, or might be, here. Of the introduced species, H. bractlets at 5–13+ 5–8+ 5–12+ caespitosum (meadow hawkweed) has been found recently and H. aurantiacum (devils’ base of paintbrush)—which was “rare, found near head Edmonton” in Edition 1 of the Flora of (sometimes Alberta—is now so common that efforts to merging eradicate it may be futile. into phyllaries) To further complicate things (and to demonstrate the limitations of this peduncles usually stellate- stellate-pubescent usually glabrous, approach), H. glomeratum Froel. (a species pubescent, and stipitate- sometimes stipitate- not included in FNA) has been reported in sometimes piloso- glandular glandular, not the Crowsnest Pass area. The first finding hirsute and/or stellate-pubescent of this species in North America was in stipitate-glandular SE BC in 2001 (Wilson et al. 2006 Can. J. as well, rarely Botany 84: 133-142). So, caveat lector (let the glabrous reader beware)! As with any key, you may find that you’re looking at a plant that’s heads (3–)9–25+ in usually 2–8+ in (3–)12–50+ in not included. Wilson’s Key to Identification of corymbiform to corymbiform corymbiform to Invasive and Native Hawkweeds (Hieracium spp.) thyrsiform arrays arrays, sometimes paniculiform arrays in the Pacific Northwest, covering 23 native borne singly and introduced species and subspecies, is available at http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfp/ publications/00230/.

No. 69 • January 2013 Iris 13 Hieracium Hieracium Hieracium Hieracium Hieracium aurantiacum L. flagellare caespitosum piloselloides umbellatum L. Willdenow Dumortier Villars

leaves basal 3–8+, cauline basal 8–12+, basal 3–8+, cauline basal 3–8(–20+), basal 0(–2), cauline 0(–1+); blades cauline 0(–2+); 0–2(–5+); blades cauline 0–2(–4+); (5–)8–15(–45+); spatulate to blades spatulate to oblanceolate to blades blades lance- oblanceolate, oblanceolate, lanceolate, oblanceolate to elliptic to 45–70(–160+) × 20–45(–130+) × 35–120(–180+) × lanceolate, lanceolate, 10–35 mm, lengths 8–20(–25+) mm, 12–20+ mm, 30–100(–150+) × (20–)50–100(–150) 3–5+ times widths, lengths 2–3+ times lengths 2–6(–10+) 8–20+ mm, lengths × bases cuneate, widths, bases times widths, bases 2.5–8+ times (10–)15–25(–40+) margins entire, cuneate, margins cuneate, margins widths, bases mm, lengths apices acute, faces entire, apices entire or cuneate, margins (3–)5–10+ times piloso-hirsute (hairs rounded to acute, denticulate, apices entire or widths, bases 1–2+ mm) and upper surfaces rounded to acute, denticulate, apices cuneate to rounded stellate-pubescent piloso-hirsute (hairs faces usually piloso-rounded to acute, or truncate (then 1–4+ mm) and hirsute (hairs faces glabrous or sometimes ± stellate-pubescent, 1–3+ mm) and piloso-hirsute (on clasping), margins piloso-hirsute (hairs stellate-pubescent, midribs and at usually toothed (to 1–4+ mm) sometimes margins, hairs laciniate), underneath glabrate 1–4+ mm) denticulate, or entire (often ± revolute, at least distally), apices obtuse to acute, faces glabrous or ± stellate-pubescent, sometimes ± scabrellous (especially at or near distal margins)

stems lower piloso-hirsute lower piloso-hirsute lower piloso-hirsute lower usually piloso-lower usually (hairs 2–4+ mm), (hairs 2–4+ mm) (hairs 1–3+ mm) hirsute (hairs glabrous, upper piloso- and stellate- and stipitate- 2–4+ mm), rarely sometimes piloso- hirsute (hairs pubescent, upper glandular, glabrous, upper hirsute and/or 1–4 mm) and piloso-hirsute (hairs sometimes stellate- usually glabrous, stellate-pubescent, stipitate-glandular 1–4 mm), stellate- pubescent as well, sometimes piloso- upper usually pubescent, and upper piloso- hirsute (hairs glabrous, stipitate-glandular hirsute hairs 1–3+ mm), stellate- sometimes stellate- 1–4+ mm), stellate- pubescent, and/or pubescent pubescent, and stipitate-glandular stipitate-glandular

plants 15–35(–60+) cm 5–12(–20+) cm 20–75 cm 15–40(–70+) cm 15–60+ cm

stolons sometimes sometimes sometimes sometimes no

14 Iris No. 69 • January 2013 Hieracium Hieracium triste Hieracium Comparison scouleri Willdenow ex albiflorum Hooker Sprengel Hooker Table of leaves basal 0(–5+), basal (3–)5–12+, basal (0–)3–8+, Hieracium cauline (3–)5–10+; cauline 0–2(–3+); cauline 1–5(–12+); blades lanceolate, blades obovate to blades oblanceolate or spatulate or oblanceolate, Species Found narrowly oblong to oblanceolate, 40–100(–300) × elliptic, (15–)25–40(–60+) 12–30(–60+) mm, in Alberta – 50–100(–200) × × 5–10(–25+) mm, lengths 3–5+ times 10–25(–35+) mm, lengths 2–3+ times widths, bases Part II lengths (3–)4–8+ widths, bases cuneate, margins times widths, bases cuneate, margins usually entire, cuneate, margins usually entire, sometimes Compiled by J. B. Posey entire or rarely denticulate, sinuately toothed, denticulate, apices apices rounded to apices obtuse to obtuse to acute, obtuse (often acute (not faces usually piloso-apiculate), faces apiculate), faces hirsute (hairs usually glabrous, piloso-hirsute (hairs 1–5+ mm) and sometimes stipitate-1–6 mm), rarely stellate-pubescent, glandular and/or glabrous rarely glabrous scabrellous, lower surfaces usually glabrous, sometimes scabrellous and/or stipitate-glandular (not piloso-hirsute) Hieracium albiﬂorum Photo J. B. Posey

piloso-hirsute refers to surfaces with scattered to crowded, tapered, whiplike, straight or curly, smooth to ± barbellate hairs mostly stems lower usually piloso-lower glabrous or lower usually piloso- (0.5–)2–8(–15+) mm (sometimes hirsute (hairs 1–8+ stellate-pubescent, hirsute (hairs called setae) mm) and stellate- upper usually 1–6+ mm), rarely pubescent, piloso-hirsute (hairs glabrous, upper stellate-pubescent refers to surfaces sometimes 1–8+ mm) and/or glabrous with scattered to crowded, glabrous, upper stellate-pubescent ± dendritically branched (often called, usually piloso- and/or stipitate- but seldom truly, stellate) hairs mostly hirsute (hairs glandular, 0.05–0.2+ mm (such surfaces are 1–8+ mm) and sometimes sometimes described as ﬂoccose) stellate-pubescent, glabrous rarely stipitate- stipitate-glandular refers to surfaces glandular as well, with scattered to crowded gland-tipped hairs mostly 0.2–0.8(–1.2+) mm sometimes glabrous plants (15–)35–60+ cm (3–)10–20(–40+) cm 15–40(–90) cm Source: Flora of North America North of stolons no no no Mexico, key to Asteraceae and Hieracium species descriptions. ♦

No. 69 • January 2013 Iris 15 Key & Species Descriptions for Hieracium in Alberta Compiled by J. B. Posey

�� !""#�� $�� %��% �� $��$�� !""#�� &'�� (��)��*�� )�� +��

��*�� $� ,��*�� *��

�� $��$��

� ��$��$�� $��

� -��$�� $��$� ��.�� $��&�� $�./!.�� ).� � -��$�� $�� .� �

� -��$�� $��/� �� -��$�� 0��/� ��*�� ,�/�� $��

� 1"�� 2"��

� 3��./'�� $�+/2#�� 3��'/!+��.�� $�� &"� ��

� ��$�� /� �� $�� 4� � ��$��

� �!"��#��!$" %"&'��(��)'*+

�� -�� 5� �+��2"! �!6.& � (��*��7��8��7� ��-�� 9 �� :�0�� :/;�� !.<&.�<'"#�� $��/�� +<)#��$� ��/�� !<)��/�� , �- �.��&<2#�� "�< !#�4�� ).<6"�� $� � �� /� ��/�� !��/��.��.< 2# �"�-�� '<2�� 0/�� !&<&"#�� /�� /� ��/�� )�� +.

16 Iris No. 69 • January 2013 �� 9��C� � �5� �� .) �!2!) �� ?��*�0�L��-��4�� 0�5��-�� -��4��9��5 �A ��0�3 �9�� .� �� $��$� � �� /�� /� ��/ �� !��/��.��!&

�� A �� ;�� '+ �!2+6 �� 4��A ��5 �A ��0�3 �9�� +"<6.�� $��/�� !<&#��/ �� /� ��$��/�� !<)#�� /� ��/�� , �- �.��&<2#�� "<+�<.#�4� ��&.� ��$�� $� � �� /�� !<+ .��/� ��/ �� !��/��.��.<2# �"�-�� 6 .<1�� 0/�� !+< !2#�� /�� !<+ .#��/ � ��/�� )�� +.<."#4��$��2

�� K��5�� H�� 5� �A� ��7 �&) �!661 G��7��8�� 4��K��%M* ��!.<)"�<6"#�� $� � ��$��/�� +<)#��$� �� $� � ��$�� /�� !<&#��/ � ��N��/�� , �- �.��&<2�<+"#�� "<+�<)#�4� ��&"

No. 69 • January 2013 Iris 17 ��?�$<�@ �<� ��<�� A�� 4�� 4�!"<&""�

�� -�� 5� �+��2") �!6.&

��(��4��?�� 4�� -��4�� 5 ��4�� 4�� -��4��J$��4�� (��4��-��4��(��4�� -�� 4�� ?�� J��4�� 5 ��-��4��(��4�� (��4��-�� B ��B ��(��4�� :4�� J$��-��4�� -��4�� !��-��4�� :��-��4��(��4�� ?�� F ��$4�� :�� !.<'"#�� $� � ��$�� /�� N��/� ��$� � ��$� �� /� �� , �- �.��"�<+�� .<�2�� $�� >�� $�� >��/� ��>�� $�� !<�.<&"��+��'<6�� @ �<�@ �<�� A�� *$��*��4�'""<&+""� �4�F��4�� 5��?�B ��4�� ; 3 ��?�� ; �� -�� 9 � �� (�� 5 C D ��E � ��* ��I *��4� ��*��3�� 3�� D��D�� D�� D��?��?�� ?�� ?�� ?� ��?�� H �� @ �� I �� A�* ��(�� (�� 5� ��J D �� A�* ��K� ��9�� 9 K� ��9�� 9$� 4�C �� $��$��$�F �� F ��$� �!162��C �-��!1'"� �� -�� C-C3�CA�JC�CJC�3C -��C �!1'" ��?�� 7��7��B �� 3�� 26��.1

�� H��*�� ;�� /�� !��+12 �!2&&

��@ �� ?��0�5�$��4��4�� L��4��/�� 4�� F �9 �A� ��0�F �� 4�� !.<�&.<'"#�� $� � ��$��/�� !<2#� ��/� �� $� � ��$��/ �� !<2#��/� ��$��/�� , �- �.��"�<.#�� &<�.

18 Iris No. 69 • January 2013 �� )�� +"<).#4��$��!"�+��'<6�� @ �<�� A�� 4�)""<&"""��4�� ; 3 4� 3�� D��?�� (�� O��9�� 9$�

�� 9��$�� K�� &��')" �!2+'

��9��P �-Q��0�A �-Q��4�� H��*��4�� L��4�� L��3��B ��4�� F��$�� F��$4�� C �5��4�� H ��7�4�� H��*��3��0�J�$�- � ��$��4�� H��*�� F��$4�� L�� &<�!"<+"�<)"#�� $�� /� ��$� � ��$��/�� !<2#��N��/� ��N��/ �� , �- �.��&<�.�� '<�6�+��)<.�� @ �<�@ �<� ��<�� J��*$��$�� 4�!""< &.""��4�� ; 3 �� 9 � ��I *��4��*��3�� 3�� D��?�� ?�� (�� O��9�� 9$�

�� H��*�� ;�� /�� !��+12 �!2&&

��H��*��9 �� 9�� !.<)"�<1"�� $� � ��$��/�� !<'#� ��$�� $�� , �- �.��"<�&<2#�� !< .�� 6<�2�+��)<�.<6�� ?�$<�@ �<�� 3�� 4�!"<+1""��4�� ; 3 �� 9 � ��E � ��* 4��*��3�� 3�� D��?�� (�� A�* ��O��9�� 9�� 9$� 4�?��3��

J�� Sources: ��/// �� ?��///?��CStrother, John L. H2006. �� Hieracium. In: ��+��C��J��$�@��FFlora of North America Editorial Committee, �5��*�� eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 16+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 19, 20 and 21, pp. 219, 178, 179.

Moss, E.H. 1983. Flora of Alberta. Second edition. Revised by J.G. Packer. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ontario. ♦

No. 69 • January 2013 Iris 19 Unusual western wood lily (Lilium philadelphicum) with four sepals and four petals.

Photo J. B. Posey

ANPC Objectives Join Our The Alberta Native Plant Council strives to: • Promote knowledge of Alberta’s native plants. Volunteers • Conserve Alberta’s native plant species and their habitats. • Preserve plant species and habitat for the enjoyment of present and Are you looking to get more future generations. involved with the ANPC? The Council’s speciﬁc objectives are: • To educate individuals, industry, and government about native plants. There are many positions • To promote awareness of native plant issues through a newsletter, an available that suit a annual workshop, and in the media. variety of interests. • To co-ordinate information and activities concerning Alberta’s native plants. Please send an email to o To develop briefs or position papers for special projects; for [email protected] example, biodiversity, forest vegetation management, wetlands, or contact Janine at 403-478-2911 rare species or phenology. o To organize ﬁeld trips, plant studies and May Species Counts. for further information. o To update lists of current research and conservation projects. • To preserve natural habitats and plant communities. o To support legislation that protects native plants. o To take action to establish, preserve and manage protected areas. o To undertake Alberta projects jointly with like-minded groups. • To encourage appropriate use of Alberta’s native plants. o To produce information on the use of native plants in land reclamation. • To develop and distribute collection, salvage and management guidelines. o To update a list of native seed sources and suppliers for horticulture and reclamation.

20 Iris No. 69 • January 2013