CAMBODIA MSME 2/BEE PROJECT QUARTERLY REPORT No. 13 YEAR 4 4

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

CAMBODIA MSME 2/BEE PROJECT QUARTERLY REPORT No. 13 YEAR 4 4 s page left intentionally blank for double-sided printing. CAMBODIA MSME 2/BEE PROJECT QUARTERLY REPORT NO. 13 (OCTOBER TO DECEMBER, 2011) TASK ORDER NO. 04 JANUARY 31, 2012 JANUARY 31, 2011 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International ThisDevelopment. publication Itwas was produced prepared for by review DAI. by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by DAI. This page left intentionally blank for double-sided printing. USAID Cambodia MSME2/BEE Project Quarterly Report Number 13 Task Order Number 4 Program Title: Strengthening Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Cambodia Sponsoring USAID Office: USAID/Cambodia Contract Number: EEM-I-00-07-00009-00/04 Contractor: DAI Date of Publication: January 31, 2012 Author: Cambodia MSME 2/BEE Project The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................... 10 Background ................................................................................................................... 10 Project Objectives and Approach ................................................................................ 10 Summary of Project Highlights this Quarter .............................................................. 11 Component 1 - Strengthening Value Chains .................................... 14 Aquaculture Value Chain .............................................................................................. 14 Activity 1. Facilitate substantive input by private sector into new aquaculture law and its regulation, especially with regard to cross provincial trade of fish products. ........ 15 Activity 2. Diversify and expand aquaculture production. ....................................... 16 Activity 3. Strengthen retail and consumer market demand for aquaculture (and swine) products. .............................................................................................................. 17 Constraints Encountered and Unresolved Issues ..................................................... 19 Main Events Planned for Next Quarter ..................................................................... 19 Swine Value Chain ........................................................................................................ 20 Summary of Actions, Activities and Accomplishments this Quarter .......................... 20 Activity 1. Facilitate the sustainable delivery of technical and business skills development in the swine sector. .............................................................................. 20 Activity 2. Lower inputs costs by expanding and diversifying local production of swine feed. .............................................................................................................. 22 Constraints Encountered and Unresolved Issues ..................................................... 26 Main Events Planned for Next Quarter ..................................................................... 26 Brick and Tile Value Chain ........................................................................................... 27 Summary of Actions, Activities and Accomplishments this Quarter .......................... 27 Activity 1. Upgrade production capacity to expand and diversify market penetration.27 Constraints Encountered and Unresolved Issues ..................................................... 32 Main Events Planned for Next Quarter ..................................................................... 32 Honey Value Chain ........................................................................................................ 33 Summary of Actions, Activities and Accomplishments this Quarter ......................... 33 Activity 1. Further expand honey production and post harvesting practices and build on this progress to strengthen management of bee habitats. ................................... 33 Activity2. Facilitate diversification and expansion of market channels (buyers) in the honey value chain ..................................................................................................... 35 CAMBODIA MSME 2/BEE PROJECT QUARTERLY REPORT No. 13 YEAR 4 4 Development Partners Coordination Meetings ......................................................... 36 Constraints Encountered and Unresolved Issues. .................................................... 36 Main Events Planned for Next Quarter ..................................................................... 37 Resin Value Chain ......................................................................................................... 38 Summary of Actions, Activities and Accomplishments this Quarter ......................... 38 Activity 1. Strengthen network of resin producers to reinforce technical skills and to interact with other landscape area actors to preserve resin resource area ............... 38 Activity 2. Strengthen market linkages between resin communities and traders, processors and exporters .......................................................................................... 41 Constraints Encountered and Unresolved Issues ..................................................... 42 Main Events Planned for Next Quarter ..................................................................... 42 Natural Resource Management Value Chain .............................................................. 43 Summary of Actions, Activities and Accomplishments this Quarter ......................... 43 Activity 1. Improve sustainable natural resources management and cooperation among relevant stakeholders in four targeted landscapes. ................................................... 43 Activity 2. Promote awareness of and support for stronger natural resource management and conservation in four landscape zones. ......................................... 44 Development Partners Coordination Meetings ......................................................... 45 Constraints Encountered and Unresolved Issues ..................................................... 46 Main Events Planned for Next Quarter ..................................................................... 46 Eco-Tourism Value Chain ............................................................................................. 47 Summary of Actions, Activities and Accomplishments this Quarter .......................... 47 Activity 1. Support the promotion of eco-tourism through private sector linkages. 47 Development Partners Coordination Meetings ......................................................... 51 Constraints Encountered and Unresolved Issues ..................................................... 53 Main Events Planned for Next Quarter ..................................................................... 53 Water Supply and Sanitation ....................................................................................... 54 Summary of Actions, Activities and Accomplishments This Quarter ........................ 54 Activity 1. Improve water services operations and address industry regulatory issues through strengthened networking among WSPs and other water value chain actors.54 Activity 2. Build on MSME supported water system investments to increase awareness of the importance of safe water and adoption of good hygiene practices. ................ 54 Constraints Encountered and Unresolved Issues ..................................................... 55 Main Events Planned for Next Quarter ..................................................................... 55 Component 2 – Strengthening Private Sector Voice ....................... 56 Summary of Actions, Activities and Accomplishments this Quarter .......................... 56 Activity 1. Create and strengthen local business organizations (cooperatives, water user groups, CWGs) as vehicles of industry strengthening. ..................................... 56 CAMBODIA MSME 2/BEE PROJECT QUARTERLY REPORT No. 13 YEAR 4 5 Activity 2. Facilitate strengthened capacity of local business organizations (CWGs, Cooperatives, etc.) to address regulatory issues at the local and provincial level. ... 60 Activity 3. Support VC actors in building national level representation to address business and BEE issues .......................................................................................... 61 Constraints Encountered and Unresolved Issues ..................................................... 63 Main Events Planned for Next Quarter ..................................................................... 63 Component 3 - Public Sector Strengthening to Improve the Business Environment ........................................................................................ 64 Summary of Actions, Activities and Accomplishments this Quarter ......................... 64 Activity 1. Address and solve value chain driven policy and regulatory constraints.65 Activity 2. Provide systemic policy advice and training services to RCG counterparts.70 Development Partners Coordination Meetings ......................................................... 73 Constraints Encountered and Unresolved Issues. .................................................... 73 Main Events Planned for Next Quarter ..................................................................... 73 Operations and Administration
Recommended publications
  • Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS) – 2009-2012 Version
    Designation date: 23/06/99 Ramsar Site no. 999 Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS) – 2009-2012 version Available for download from http://www.ramsar.org/ris/key_ris_index.htm. Categories approved by Recommendation 4.7 (1990), as amended by Resolution VIII.13 of the 8th Conference of the Contracting Parties (2002) and Resolutions IX.1 Annex B, IX.6, IX.21 and IX. 22 of the 9th Conference of the Contracting Parties (2005). Notes for compilers: 1. The RIS should be completed in accordance with the attached Explanatory Notes and Guidelines for completing the Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands. Compilers are strongly advised to read this guidance before filling in the RIS. 2. Further information and guidance in support of Ramsar site designations are provided in the Strategic Framework and guidelines for the future development of the List of Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Wise Use Handbook 14, 3rd edition). A 4th edition of the Handbook is in preparation and will be available in 2009. 3. Once completed, the RIS (and accompanying map(s)) should be submitted to the Ramsar Secretariat. Compilers should provide an electronic (MS Word) copy of the RIS and, where possible, digital copies of all maps. 1. Name and address of the compiler of this form: FOR OFFICE USE ONLY. Dr. Srey Sunleang, DD MM YY Director, Department of Wetlands and Coastal Zones, Ministry of Environment, #48 Preah Sihanouk Blvd., Tonle Bassac, Designation date Site Reference Number Chamkar Morn, Phnom Penh, Cambodia Tel: (855) 77-333-456 Fax: (855)-23-721-073 E-mail: [email protected] 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Kratie Province Investment Information
    Municipality and Province Kratie Province Investment Information Kratie Province Kratie Road Network 61 Municipality and Province Kratie Province Investment Information I. Introduction to the Province Kratie Province is located in the northeast region of Cambodia. From the national capital, Phnom Penh, Kratie can be accessed via National Road No.7 passing through Snoul district (230 km), National Road No.7 passing through Dam Be and Chhlong district (250 km), and via waterway, the Mekong river (220 km), which runs through Kratie city and 4 other districts for a total of 140 km. The Province shares a border with Vietnam, and bilateral trade with Vietnam is active and has potential for further expansion. Kratie province is comprised of one provincial city, 5 districts (Chhlong, Prek Prasorb, Sambo, Snoul, and Chet Borey district), 41 communes and 250 villages with 81.42% of the population being farmers. Kratie province has a total area of 11,094 km 2, which divides into 2 specific regions; the northeast and southwest. Northeast segment of the province is a plateau region consisting mainly of thick forests, a variety of grasses and fertile red soil, which are favorable to livestock rearing, and agro-industry plantations such as rubber, pepper, and cashew nuts. Southwest segment is mostly wet plains that are typical to Cambodia and consist of highly fertile soils especially along the Mekong river that are favorable to agricultural crops such as rice, corn, and bean. In addition, these wet plains are home to a group of rare Irrawaddy dolphins and other fish species. The dolphins are the main tourist attraction for the province and Kratie City.
    [Show full text]
  • Report on Power Sector of the Kingdom of Cambodia
    ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY OF CAMBODIA REPORT ON POWER SECTOR OF THE KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA 2013 EDITION Compiled by Electricity Authority of Cambodia from Data for the Year 2012 received from Licensees Electricity Authority of Cambodia ELECTRICITY AUTHORITY OF CAMBODIA REPORT ON POWER SECTOR OF THE KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA 2013 EDITION Compiled by Electricity Authority of Cambodia from Data for the Year 2012 received from Licensees Report on Power Sector for the Year 2012 0 Electricity Authority of Cambodia Preface The Annual Report on Power Sector of the Kingdom of Cambodia 2013 Edition is compiled from informations for the year 2012 availble with EAC and received from licensees, MIME and other organizations in the power sector. The data received from some licensees may not up to the required level of accuracy and hence the information provided in this report may be taken as indicative. This report is for dissemination to the Royal Government, institutions, investors and public desirous to know about the situation of the power sector of the Kingdom of Cambodia during the year 2012. With addition of more HV transmission system and MV sub-transmission system, more and more licensees are getting connected to the grid supply. This has resulted in improvement in the quality of supply to more consumers. By end of 2012, more than 91% of the consumers are connected to the grid system. More licensees are now supplying electricity for 24 hours a day. The grid supply has reduced the cost of supply and consequently the tariff for supply to consumers. Due to lower cost and other measures taken by Royal Government of Cambodia, in 2012 there has been a substantial increase in the number of consumers availing electricity supply.
    [Show full text]
  • Making Space and Access in Fisheries Resource Management for Local Communities in Stung Treng Province, Cambodia
    Making Space and Access in Fisheries Resource Management for Local Communities in Stung Treng Province, Cambodia. RCSD’s International Conference on the Politics of the Commons July 11-14, 2003, Chiang Mai By: Try Thuon, Graduate student The Regional Center for Social Science and Sustainable Development RCSD, Faculty of Social Sciences Chiang Mai University Email: [email protected] Abstract Over the last decades, Cambodia has moved from command and control economy to market economy. Meanwhile, access to common property resource such as fisheries sector has spawned conflict inside the sectors between the different actors seeking access to these resources. Moreover, there are serious pressures and externalities from other economic sectors that impinge on the resource base or its flow of products. The use of illegal fishing gears and other stock damaging practices, the struggle over assignment rights and resource entitlements, and the absence of efficient law enforcement and the consequences use of privatized enforcement and violence characterize the internal tensions of fisheries. However, beside this limitation, there are other external factors that shaped the Cambodia’s fisheries management system, such as mega projects of other states in the Mekong Region and growth-oriented development as prescribed by international development agencies. This economic oriented developmental philosophy has considered natural resources such as water, fisheries, forests, mineral and biodiversity as factors of productions in many large-scale development strategies, putting pressure on these resources for profit maximization by transforming natural resource into money, especially for the country in uncertain transition from a socialist state to market economy. As a result, the quantity of fishery resource has declined from year to year, which produce negative impacts on livelihood of local people who are powerless and marginalized in the society.
    [Show full text]
  • Tonle Sap Poverty Reduction and Smallholder Development Project - Additional Financing
    Environmental Code of Conduct Project Number: 41435-013: TSSD- DF (Loan 3570/8331 and Grant 0542) January 2020 Cambodia: Tonle Sap Poverty Reduction and Small.older Development Project - dditional Financing For 0.471 2m Concrete Road 3pgrading Sub-Project in Tang 4rasang Commune, 7at.eay District, 4ampong C.am Province Prepared by PIC of NCDD and 9 FF for t.e Tonle Sap Poverty Reduction : dditional Fund for t.e sian Development 7an2. T.is environmental code of conduct is a document of t.e borrower. T.e views expressed .erein do not necessarily represent t.ose of D7's 7oard of Directors, 9anagement, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by ma2ing any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geograp.ic area in t.is document, t.e sian Development 7an2 does not intend to ma2e any judgments as to t.e legal or ot.er status of any territory or area. b / b 5 5 t w 5 t ! C 5!C !5. ! "#$%/!a /h ) !5C %#*+/!a C ENVIRONMENTAL CATEGORIZATION REPORT AND CODE OF CONDUCT For 0.476 km Concrete Road Upgrading Sub-Project in Tang Kra ang Commune, Batheay Di trict, Kampong Cham Province (0.476km and 1 culvert) C !§ 2 °¨ ' •≤• ¶ #° §©° Phnom Penh, January 2020 (Updated) CURRENC EQUIVALENTS (As of November 2019) Currency unit Cambodian Rie (KR) KR1.00 " $0.000244 $1.00 " KR4,099 ABBREVIATION ADB Asian Deve opment Ban( AF Additiona Financing CEM, Construction Environmenta Management , an CARD Counci for Agricu ture and Rura Deve opment
    [Show full text]
  • Document Procedure Debated As New Witness Takes the Stand by Mary Kozlovski
    Document Procedure Debated as New Witness Takes the Stand By Mary Kozlovski On Wednesday, August 15, 2012, trial proceedings in Case 002 involving the accused Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary, and Khieu Samphan resumed at the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC). Witness Suong Sikoeun – an intellectual who returned to Cambodia from abroad during the Khmer Rouge period – continued his testimony today with questioning from lawyers for Nuon Chea and Ieng Sary. Witness Sa Siek began her testimony before the Trial Chamber, when she was questioned in the afternoon by the prosecution. Ieng Sary observed the day’s proceedings from a holding cell, while Nuon Chea retired to a holding cell after the morning session. Nuon Chea Defense Resumes Examination of Suong Sikoeun International Co-Lawyer for Nuon Chea Jasper Pauw began the day’s questioning of witness Suong Sikoeun by again referring to a telegram from the United States embassy in Phnom Penh to the U.S. State Department in Washington, D.C., in September 1971. Mr. Pauw quoted from Mr. Sikoeun’s August 8 testimony that FUNK (National United Front of Kampuchea) was a political organization with a central committee and a politburo of the central committee, of which Pen Nouth was chairman. In response to a query from Mr. Pauw, Mr. Sikoeun confirmed that Keat Chhon was a candidate member of the FUNK politburo in 1971. Mr. Pauw said Keat Chhon was one of several people with asterisks next to their names who, according to the telegram, had been “dared by Prince Sihanouk to form a government” in the 1960s.
    [Show full text]
  • Royal Government of Cambodia Department of Pollution Control Ministry of Environment
    Royal Government of Cambodia Department of Pollution Control Ministry of Environment Project titled: Training Courses on the Environmentally Sound Management of Electrical and Electronic Wastes in Cambodia Final Report Submitted to The Secretariat of the Basel Convention August-2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF APPENDICES.......................................................................................3 LIST OF ACRONYMS.........................................................................................4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.....................................................................................5 REPORT OF PROJECT ACTIVITIES.................................................................6 I. Institutional Arrangement.......................................................................6 II. Project Achievement...........................................................................6 REPORT OF THE TRAINING COURSES..........................................................8 I- Introduction............................................................................................8 II Opening of the Training Courses...........................................................9 III. Training Courses Presentation...........................................................10 IV. Training Courses Conclusions and Recommendations.....................12 V. National Follow-Up Activities..............................................................13 2 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A: Programme of the Training Course Appendix B: List
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix C Tertiary Industry the Study on Regional Development of the Phnom Penh-Sihanoukville Growth Corridor in the Kingdom of Cambodia
    Appendix C Tertiary Industry The Study on Regional Development of the Phnom Penh-Sihanoukville Growth Corridor in The Kingdom of Cambodia THE STUDY ON REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE PHNOM PENH-SIHANOUKVILLE GROWTH CORRIDOR IN THE KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA Appendix C Tertiary Industry TABLE OF CONTENTS C.1 CURRENT SITUATION OF TERTIARY INDUSTRY IN CAMBODIA........C-1 C.1.1 Overview of Tertiary Industry.............................................................C-1 C.1.2 Foreign Investment ..................................................................................C-2 C.1.3 Tourism Sector in Cambodia ...............................................................C-3 C.2 URRENT SITUATION OF TERTIARY INDUSTRY IN THE GROWTH CORRIDOR..................................................................................................... C-11 C.2.1 Employment....................................................................................... C-11 C.2.2 Tourism Sector...................................................................................C-13 C.2.3 Commercial and Other Service Sector ..............................................C-23 C.3 ISSUES IN THE TERTIARY SECTOR DEVELOPMENT IN THE STUDY AREA ................................................................................................C-27 C.3.1 Tourism Sector...................................................................................C-27 C.3.2 Commercial and Other Service Sector ..............................................C-32 C.3.3 Tourism Demand Projection for the Growth
    [Show full text]
  • List of Interviewees
    mCÄmNÐlÉkßrkm<úCa DOCUMENTATION CENTER OF CAMBODIA Phnom Penh, Cambodia LIST OF POTENTIAL INFORMANTS FROM MAPPING PROJECT 1995-2003 Banteay Meanchey: No. Name of informant Sex Age Address Year 1 Nut Vinh nut vij Male 61 Banteay Meanchey province, Mongkol Borei district 1997 2 Ol Vus Gul vus Male 40 Banteay Meanchey province, Mongkol Borei district 1997 3 Um Phorn G‘¿u Pn Male 50 Banteay Meanchey province, Mongkol Borei district 1997 4 Tol Phorn tul Pn ? 53 Banteay Meanchey province, Mongkol Borei district 1997 5 Khuon Say XYn say Male 58 Banteay Meanchey province, Mongkol Borei district 1997 6 Sroep Thlang Rswb føag Male 60 Banteay Meanchey province, Mongkol Borei district 1997 7 Kung Loeu Kg; elO Male ? Banteay Meanchey province, Phnom Srok district 1998 8 Chhum Ruom QuM rYm Male ? Banteay Meanchey province, Phnom Srok district 1998 9 Than fn Female ? Banteay Meanchey province, Phnom Srok district 1998 Documentation Center of Cambodia Searching for the Truth EsVgrkKrBit edIm, IK rcg©M nig yutþiFm‘’ DC-Cam 66 Preah Sihanouk Blvd. P.O.Box 1110 Phnom Penh Cambodia Tel: (855-23) 211-875 Fax: (855-23) 210-358 [email protected] www.dccam.org 10 Tann Minh tan; mij Male ? Banteay Meanchey province, Phnom Srok district 1998 11 Tatt Chhoeum tat; eQOm Male ? Banteay Meanchey province, Phnom Srok district 1998 12 Tum Soeun TMu esOn Male 45 Banteay Meanchey province, Preah Net Preah district 1997 13 Thlang Thong føag fug Male 49 Banteay Meanchey province, Preah Net Preah district 1997 14 San Mean san man Male 68 Banteay Meanchey province,
    [Show full text]
  • Medium Voltage Sub-Transmission Expansion Sector Project Loan 2979-CAM
    Environmental Monitoring Report April to June 2017 CAM: Medium Voltage Sub-Transmission Expansion Sector Project Loan 2979-CAM Prepared by Electricite du Cambodge, Cambodia for the Asian Development Bank. This Environmental Monitoring Report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “Terms of Use” section of this website. Medium Voltage Sub-Transmission ELECTRICITÉ DU CAMBODGE Expansion Sector Project, Package 1&2 paKINGDOM OF CAMBODIA Nation Religion King ELECTRICITÉ DU CAMBODGE [DRAFT] Medium Voltage Sub-Transmission Expansion Sector Project, Package 1&2 ADB Loan N° 2979 CAM (SF) UPDATED ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING QUARTERLY REPORT No. 3 (From April to June 2017) July 2017 Korea Electric Power Corporation in association with Cheang Engineering Consultants Co.,Ltd Medium Voltage Sub-Transmission ELECTRICITÉ DU CAMBODGE Expansion Sector Project, Package 1&2 CONTENTS CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ i Environmental Monitoring ........................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 2. Environmental Monitoring Program .......................................................... 2 2.1 Scope of works .......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ggácmnmucrmhvisambaøkñú
    00922150 E1/205.1 ŪĮйŬď₧şŪ˝˝ņįО ď ďijЊ ⅜₤Ĝ ŪĮйņΉ˝℮Ūij GgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØkñúgtulakarkm <úCa Kingdom of Cambodia Nation Religion King Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia Royaume du Cambodge Chambres Extraordinaires au sein des Tribunaux Cambodgiens Nation Religion Roi Β₣ðĄеĕНеĄŪņй⅜ŵřеĠР₣ Trial Chamber Chambre de première instance TRANSCRIPT OF TRIAL PROCEEDINGS PUBLIC Case File Nº 002/19-09-2007-ECCC/TC 11 June 2013 Trial Day 192 Before the Judges: NIL Nonn, Presiding The Accused: NUON Chea Silvia CARTWRIGHT KHIEU Samphan YA Sokhan Jean-Marc LAVERGNE YOU Ottara Lawyers for the Accused: THOU Mony (Reserve) SON Arun Victor KOPPE Trial Chamber Greffiers/Legal Officers: KONG Sam Onn Arthur VERCKEN DUCH Phary Matteo CRIPPA DAV Ansan Lawyers for the Civil Parties: Faiza ZOUAKRI PICH Ang Élisabeth SIMONNEAU-FORT For the Office of the Co-Prosecutors: HONG Kimsuon SIN Soworn SONG Chorvoin LOR Chunthy Tarik ABDULHAK VEN Pov Keith RAYNOR Christine MARTINEAU For Court Management Section: UCH Arun SOUR Sotheavy 00922151 E1/205.1 Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia Trial Chamber – Trial Day 192 Case No. 002/19-09-2007-ECCC/TC 11/06/2013 I N D E X MS. SO SOCHEAT (TCW-673) Questioning by Judge Lavergne ..................................................................................... page 2 Questioning by Mr. Raynor ............................................................................................ page 35 Page i 00922152 E1/205.1 Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia Trial Chamber – Trial Day 192 Case No. 002/19-09-2007-ECCC/TC 11/06/2013 List of Speakers: Language used unless specified otherwise in the transcript Speaker Language MR. KONG SAM ONN Khmer JUDGE LAVERGNE French THE PRESIDENT (NIL NONN, Presiding) Khmer MR.
    [Show full text]
  • Are Rural Cambodian Male Infants More Malnourished Than Female Infants? the Role of Title Infection History and Weaning Practices
    Abstract of Master’s Thesis No.1 Course International Health development course Name Asuka Miyazaki Thesis Are rural Cambodian male infants more malnourished than female infants? The role of Title infection history and weaning practices. Back ground Optimal nutritional status in the early life of children is an important element to improve child heath. The increase in age and being male have a negative association with undernutrition were shown in a previous study, which has been carried out in rural Cambodia. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the risk factors for child undernutrition and the potential causes for the sex specific differences in relation to infectious history which can be caused by the poor setting environment and weaning practices. Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for undernutrition among under one year children and if these differ by sex in Cambodian rural children. Method This study employed a cross-sectional descriptive design. Subjects were children who were 1-11 months old and living in 12 villages in Steung Trang district, Kampong Cham province, Cambodia. Data regarding anthropometric measurement, basic characteristics of household, demography of parents or main care giver and child, hygiene practice of the main care giver and weaning/feeding practices were collected. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to find out the associations between a wasting (weight-for-length) indicator and each variable. Results The prevalence of wasting and stunting were 3.8% and 19.2%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the nutrition status between male and female children under one year old. On the other hand, Z-score of weight-for-length (WLZ) showed decreasing trends according to the age in both sexes (p<0.001 in both, <0.001 in male, 0.003 in female) while there was no statistical difference in length-for-age by age groups.
    [Show full text]