DOCSLIB.ORG

Kelly 76Stjohnslrev257.Pdf (6.469Mb)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Kelly 76Stjohnslrev257.Pdf (6.469Mb) +(,121/,1( Citation: 76 St. John's L. Rev. 257 2002 Content downloaded/printed from HeinOnline (http://heinonline.org) Thu Nov 12 08:49:34 2015 -- Your use of this HeinOnline PDF indicates your acceptance of HeinOnline's Terms and Conditions of the license agreement available at http://heinonline.org/HOL/License -- The search text of this PDF is generated from uncorrected OCR text. -- To obtain permission to use this article beyond the scope of your HeinOnline license, please use: https://www.copyright.com/ccc/basicSearch.do? &operation=go&searchType=0 &lastSearch=simple&all=on&titleOrStdNo=0036-2905 ARTICLES CAN SOVEREIGNS BE BROUGHT TO JUSTICE? THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE'S EVOLUTION AND THE MEANING OF THE MILOSEVIC TRIAL MICHAEL J. KELLYt INTRODU CTION ............................................................................ 260 I. H ISTORICAL CONTEXT ............................................................ 260 II. CONCEPTUAL EVOLUTION OF GENOCIDE AS AN INTERNATIONALLY RECOGNIZED CRIME ........................... 264 A. GENOCIDE AND THE PERIOD OF WORLD WARS (1915- 1945) ....................................................................... 266 B. GENOCIDE CONVENTION DEFINES THE CRIME (1948) ....... 281 C. GENOCIDE AND INACTION DURING THE COLD WAR (1950- 1990) ....................................................................... 288 D. GENOCIDE AND REACTION AFTER THE COLD WAR (1990-2000) ....................................................................... 299 1. Political/Military Responses ......................................... 300 2. Institutional Responses: International War Crime Tribu n al ...................................................................... 311 III. ESTABLISHMENT OF AN INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL C OU R T .............................................................................. 3 16 A. GENOCIDE INCLUDED AS A CRIME ..................................... 316 B. PROSPECTS FOR ENFORCEMENT ........................................ 319 t Assistant Professor of Law, Creighton University School of Law; B.A. and J.D., Indiana University; L.L.M. International & Comparative Law, Georgetown University. This Article, encouraging the development of a perpetual judicial body to prosecute and punish the crime of genocide, is dedicated to the millions of victims of genocide who needlessly perished during the twentieth century. They were more than numbers. They were individuals with names, families, and histories. They are remembered. They are grieved. 258 ST. JOHN'S LAW REVIEW [Vol.76:257 IV. THE EROSION OF SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE MILOSEVIC PROSECUTION ............. 322 V . C ONCLUSION ........................................................................ 329 APPENDIX I CONVENTION ON THE PREVENTION AND PUNISHMENT OF THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE ............................. 333 APPENDIX II INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA .............................................................. 338 2002] THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE Hatred may be dormant, but never static. It unavoidably turns into a cancerous cell that invades a limb, then another, then the entire body, then the environment. Its aim is to conquer in order to destroy. Its principle target is human dignity and freedom. An ancient, if not eternal, plague routed in somber and fathomless ground, hate ignores frontiers and walls, ethnic and social differences, racial origins and religious beliefs. A human disease, it cannot be stopped even by God himself. Man alone can prevent it for man alone can produce it. Man alone can limit its progression. Hence, no group may consider itself immune against its poison. No community is shielded from its arrows. Blind and blinding, hatred is a dark sun which, under heavens laden with ashes, fights and maims and humiliates anyone who forgets that all human beings, irrespective of their origin, color or faith, are sovereign, and thus are bearers of promise and worthy of respect. ...[T]o learn what evil hatred can do, listen to what evil hatred has already done not so long ago. Just close your eyes and try to imagine endless nocturnal processions converging to a place over there in Poland, where, as a result of government- planned hatred, heaven and the human heart were on fire. Close your eyes and listen, listen to the frightened victims of manhunts in the ghettos, the silent screams of terrified mothers, listen to the tears of starving children and their desperate parents, friends, teachers in agony, as they walk to where dark flames are so gigantic that the planet itself seemed in danger. Think of them today.... remember them tomorrow. Think of their legacy. Just as the hatred must disappear, the legacy of its victims must remain.' -Elie Wiesel, Nobel Peace Laureate, Survivor of Auschwitz and Buchenwald 1 The Legacies of the Holocaust: Hearing Before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, 106th Cong. 4-6 (2000) (statement of Elie Wiesel, Professor, Boston University). ST. JOHN'S LAW REVIEW [Vol.76:257 INTRODUCTION This is a story of crime and punishment. Specifically, it concerns the development of a crime, its definition and codification, and the slow movement toward punishing it. While genocide has only recently exposed sovereigns to criminal sanctions on the international scene, many believe it to be the crime of crimes.2 If this is true, then the world has long been negligent in pursuing its perpetrators, many of whom reasonably thought they could hide behind the age-old shield of sovereign immunity. Now that calculus is changing. The conviction of Rwanda's Prime Minister and the arrest and prosecution of Yugoslavia's President on charges of genocide represent a watershed moment in the development of international law. The political will has finally been summoned to pursue those in power who monstrously direct forces under them to commit genocidal atrocities. Now it can be legally asserted that blood on the hands of lieutenants travels back up the chain of command to their masters and stains them most assuredly as if the masters had committed the physical acts themselves. I. HISTORICAL CONTEXT For most, mere utterance of the word "genocide" chills the conscience. Naturally, the question follows: Whence does this terrible concept spring? While the term itself is only a half- century old, its origins are as ancient as its results are horrifying.3 Planned mass human annihilation has been with us from the beginning, or at least the beginning, according to the commonly accepted Judeo-Christian-Islamic tradition. The first book of the Old Testament recounts the first genocide-that of God against His people, or the entire "race" of man. 4 In many 2 See WILLIAM A. SCHABAS, GENOCIDE IN INTERNATIONAL LAW 385 (2000). 3 See LEO KUPER, GENOCIDE: IT'S POLITICAL USE IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 11 (1981). 4 See Genesis 6:5-7 (King James) ("God saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth and that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually ....And the Lord said, I will destroy man whom I have created from the face of the earth."); Genesis 6:17 (King James) ("[Blehold I, even I, do bring flood of waters upon earth, to destroy all flesh, wherein is the breath of life, from under heaven; and every thing that is in the earth shall die."); Genesis 7:10-12 (King James) ("And it came to pass after seven days, that the waters of the flood were upon the earth .... [Tihe windows of heaven were opened ....And the rain 20021 THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE ways Genesis is regarded as the book of creation and, therefore, a book of beginnings. Yet, it is also a book of endings, for God, disappointed in His creation, wiped the earth clean of every land-dwelling organism except Noah, his family, and the animals that were directed onto the Ark.5 Thereafter, the Bible recounts further genocides committed by man against his fellow man 6 under God's direction. God's justice by its divine nature is philosophically and theologically considered just and, consequently, not open to challenge by humanity. Thus, genocidal acts, whether visited upon humanity by God or pursuant to divine direction, are beyond human comprehension, judgment, reproach, and to a large extent, questioning. Genocide perpetrated by man against man, however, under god-like delusions but without any divine was upon the earth for forty days and nights."). The Old Testament then recounts the effect of the flood: [T]he waters prevailed and were increased greatly upon the earth... and all the high hills, that were under the whole heaven, were covered .... [A]nd the mountains were covered. [All flesh died that moved upon the earth, both of fowl, and of cattle, and of beast, and of every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth, and every man: all in whose nostrils was the breath of life, of all that was in the dry land, died .... [Elvery living substance was destroyed which was upon the face of the ground .... [Tihe waters prevailed upon the earth a hundred and fifty days. Genesis 7:18-24 (King James). 5 See Genesis 6:5-22 (King James). 6 See Joshua 10:40 (King James) ("So Joshua smote all the country of the hills, of the south, and of the vale, and of the springs, and all their kings: he left none remaining but utterly destroyed all that breathed, as the Lord God of Israel commanded."). Under God's direction, the Israelites invaded the land of Canaan and exterminated seven nations: the Frigashites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, laying waste to various cities. See Joshua 6:21 (King James) (describing
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Yugoslav National Army Role in the Aggression Against the Republic of Croatia from 1990 to 1992
    The Yugoslav National Army Role in the Aggression Against the Republic of Croatia from 1990 to 1992 Davor Marijan ABSTRACT The essay analyses the role of the Yugoslav National Army (JNA) in the war waged against Croatia from 1990 to 1992. The author draws atten - tion to the fact that from the end of the 1980s, the JNA was an active party to the Serbian expansionist aspirations that gripped Yugoslavia after Titos death. The Armys role is chronicled from the point of Croatias democratisation in 1990 to its retreat in the spring of 1992, after having only partially executed the tasks that Serbian expansionist policy had dele- gated. Following the death of Josip Broz Tito in 1980, the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) entered the crisis-ridden 1980s. This decade was marked by incidents in Kosovo in 1981 and 1989, chronic economic crisis, and a rise in Serbian expan- sionist nationalism directed towards the federal state, which had been defined and formally adopted with the enactment of the 1974 Constitution. The Yugoslav National Armys involvement served to show that Serbian expansionist ideas had deeply affect- ed even that institution, in which Serbs dominated1, and which had *All afore-mentioned documents, unless otherwise specified, can be found in the pos- session of the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Croatia. 1. Am omni-present characteristic of the Yugoslav National Army during the entire course of its existence is the uneven structure of national representation in its com- missioned officers corps, particularly among generals and higher ranking officer personnel. Prior to the war, Croatians in percentages comprised 12.6% of the Army population, which when compared with their representation in SFRYs population 143 NATIONAL SECURITY AND THE FUTURE 3-4 (2) 2001, pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Prosecution's Submission Pursuant to Rule 65
    IT-95-5/18-PT 18182 D 18182 - D 15860 18 May 2009 PvK UNITED NATIONS International Tribunal for the Case No. IT-95-5/18-PT Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of Date: 18 May 2009 International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of Former Yugoslavia since 1991 IN TRIAL CHAMBER III Before: Judge Iain Bonomy, Presiding Judge Christoph Flügge Judge Michèle Picard Registrar: Mr. John Hocking THE PROSECUTOR v. RADOVAN KARAD@I] PUBLIC WITH PARTLY CONFIDENTIAL APPENDICES PROSECUTION’S SUBMISSION PURSUANT TO RULE 65 TER (E)(i)-(iii) The Office of the Prosecutor: Mr. Alan Tieger Ms. Hildegard Uertz-Retzlaff The Accused: Radovan Karad`i} 18181 THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA Case No. IT-95-5/18-PT THE PROSECUTOR v. RADOVAN KARAD@I] PUBLIC WITH PARTLY CONFIDENTIAL APPENDICES PROSECUTION’S SUBMISSION PURSUANT TO RULE 65 TER (E)(i)-(iii) 1. Pursuant to the Trial Chamber’s order of 6 April 20091 and Rule 65 ter (E)(i)- (iii) of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence (“Rules), the Prosecution hereby files: (i) the final version of the Prosecutor's pre-trial brief (Appendix I); (ii) the confidential list of witnesses the Prosecutor intends to call (Appendix II); and (iii) the confidential list of exhibits the Prosecutor intends to offer into evidence (Appendix III). 2. Attached to Appendix I, the final pre-trial brief, are the following: - Confidential Attachment Detailing Events in the Municipalities: these set out the political background and events in the 27 municipalities;2 - Confidential Appendix A: Schedules A-G setting out additional particulars and the supporting evidence for the scheduled incidents; 1 Order Following on Status Conference and Appended Work Plan, 6 April 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • National Reviews 1998 Bosnia and Herzegovina Executive
    DANUBE POLLUTION REDUCTION PROGRAMME NATIONAL REVIEWS 1998 BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Ministry of Agriculture, Water Management and Forestry in cooperation with the Programme Coordination Unit UNDP/GEF Assistance DANUBE POLLUTION REDUCTION PROGRAMME NATIONAL REVIEWS 1998 BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Ministry of Agriculture, Water Management and Forestry in cooperation with the Programme Coordination Unit UNDP/GEF Assistance Preface The National Reviews were designed to produce basic data and information for the elaboration of the Pollution Reduction Programme (PRP), the Transboundary Analysis and the revision of the Strategic Action Plan of the International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR). Particular attention was also given to collect data and information for specific purposes concerning the development of the Danube Water Quality Model, the identification and evaluation of hot spots, the analysis of social and economic factors, the preparation of an investment portfolio and the development of financing mechanisms for the implementation of the ICPDR Action Plan. For the elaboration of the National Reviews, a team of national experts was recruited in each of the participating countries for a period of one to four months covering the following positions: Socio-economist with knowledge in population studies, Financial expert (preferably from the Ministry of Finance), Water Quality Data expert/information specialist, Water Engineering expert with knowledge in project development. Each of the experts had to organize his or her work under the supervision of the respective Country Programme Coordinator and with the guidance of a team of International Consultants. The tasks were laid out in specific Terms of Reference. At a Regional Workshop in Budapest from 27 to 29 January 1998, the national teams and the group of international consultants discussed in detail the methodological approach and the content of the National Reviews to assure coherence of results.
    [Show full text]
  • Prosecutor V Milorad Krnojelac to Trial Chamber II, 17 June 1998
    UNITED NATIONS International Tribunal for the Case No.: IT-97-25-T Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Date: 15 March 2002 Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia Original: English Since 1991 IN TRIAL CHAMBER II Before: Judge David Hunt, Presiding Judge Florence Ndepele Mwachande Mumba Judge Liu Daqun Registrar: Mr Hans Holthuis Judgment of: 15 March 2002 PROSECUTOR v. MILORAD KRNOJELAC JUDGMENT Counsel for the Prosecutor: Ms Hildegard Uertz-Retzlaff Ms Peggy Kuo Mr William Smith Counsel for the Accused: Mr Mihajlo Bakrac Mr Miroslav Vasi} 1 Case No: IT-97-25-T 15 March 2002 I. SUMMARY OF THE CHARGES............................................................................. 4 II. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF ARTICLE 3 AND ARTICLE 5 OF THE STATUTE........................................................................................................... 7 A. Facts relevant to the general requirements of Article 3 and Article 5 of the Statute 7 B. General requirements under Article 3 of the Statute .............................................. 20 C. General requirements under Article 5 of the Statute .............................................. 21 D. Findings in respect of the general requirements of Articles 3 and 5 of the Statute 24 III. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE EVALUATION OF EVIDENCE......................................................................................................... 27 IV. INDIVIDUAL CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY AND SUPERIOR RESPONSIBILITY..................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Z a K O N O Teritorijalnoj Organizaciji Crne Gore
    Na osnovu člana 82 stav 1 ta čka 2 i člana 91 stav 2 Ustava Crne Gore, Skupština Crne Gore 24. saziva, na drugoj śednici drugog redovnog (jesenjeg) zasijedanja u 2011. godini, dana 2. novembra 2011. godine, donijela je Z A K O N O TERITORIJALNOJ ORGANIZACIJI CRNE GORE I. OSNOVNE ODREDBE Član 1 Ovim zakonom ure đuju se teritorijalna organizacija Crne Gore, uslovi, na čin i postupak teritorijalnog organizovanja i druga pitanja od značaja za teritorijalnu organizaciju. Član 2 Teritorija opštine, Glavnog grada i Prijestonice (u daljem tekstu: jedinice lokalne samouprave) utvr đuje se ovim zakonom. Član 3 Teritorija jedinice lokalne samouprave i naziv opštine mogu se mijenjati u skladu sa ovim zakonom. II. TERITORIJALNA ORGANIZACIJA Član 4 Teritoriju jedinice lokalne samouprave čine naselja. Član 5 Teritorija Glavnog grada Podgorica, sa sjedištem u Podgorici, obuhvata Podgoricu kao naselje gradskog karaktera, naselja: Balo či, Begova Glavica, Bezjovo, Beri, Bigor, Bio če, Blizna, Bolesestra, Brežine, Bri đe, Brskut, Buronje, Crnci, Crvena Paprat, Cvilin, Ćafa, Ćepeti ći, Dajbabe, Dolovi, Doljani, Donja Gorica, Donje Strav če, Donji Kokoti, Draževina, Du čići, Duga, Đurkovi ći, Duške, Farmaci, Fundina, Goljemadi, Gornje Stravče, Gornji Kokoti, Gradac, Grbavci, Grbi Do, Kisjelica, Klopot, Kopilje, Kornet, Kosor, Krusi, Kržanja, Leki ći, Liješnje, Liješta, Lijeva Rijeka, Lopote, Lutovo, Lužnica, Medun, Milati, Mom če, Mrke, Opasanica, Orahovo, Oraovice, Orasi, Ožezi, Parci, Pelev Brijeg, Petrovi ći, Poprat, Prisoja, Progonovi ći, Ra ći, Rade
    [Show full text]
  • Slobodan MILOSEVIC
    IT-02-54-T p.370i7 j)3)",j--1>'~,s-Jsf-­ 2~ ..)I.o(.l~ 7.,'( THE ,INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL· FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA CASE NO.]T·02·54·T THE PROSECUTOR OF.THE TRIBUNAL AGAINST SLOBODANMILOSEVIC SECOND AMENDED INDICTMENT . 'i,.-I";·",; " Tht?,prqs~~tl,tor,pf.'!J1~.: lnt~mational Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, pursuant to lIer authority under Article 18 of the Statute of the,.:Wte.w,!-~ipJ1,".gq¥¥nal,Tribunal for the Fonner. Yugoslavia ("the Statute ofthe Tribunal") charges: . f· SLOBODAN MILOSEVIC" with CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY, GRAVE BREACHES OF THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS, anq"VIQLAJ'~QNSi'\OF THE LAWS OR CUSTOMS OF WAR as setforth b~Io~:' .,.....' ." . .'-,~ THE ACCUSED: ",,~,,',,;\:.'.~,::qf~';>i;,<·::·,:~,"(-<\''-::''';)~,f.";{~(,::;,':, '",,:._:',:,,_,~ .;, ,_.~\_,,:-::~,;;;, ~;'<,' 1. .....' SJ,o'bO~MItOSEVI<;",sqn. of~vetoz;fU" ,Milosey~c,.':Vasbom on 2,Q,'f\»g4sti.J94l.iIl" :£>gz~evaq,jQipresfmkda~"Serbia~ ,,'In j964~,h~ ""'",,,,,~. ;;,:":"",,,,::t:.n-"'_'>-:~'.-,_.;,:i!·.\'.·' __ ':"~)';~":""'.'.""'" .,. '.' .. j-....'.' ...••' '" "".,' _'. ' ..• -' .•',.' ." .. , ...... ,., ,,',\ ", "'."'" gI;~~atedfrdm th~~<:l;W F"sulty, of the University of. B,el~ade. and began a career in management and batiking. Until 1978,~eI1eld·the'p()stsOf deputy director and later;g,eqeral< $f~~tOJ;",fit:rehnogits; arrlitjor oil company in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ("SPRY"). 1'llereaft~~fHr p,~~e pr,~§idtWtof'1J.~l?8r,a(ls~kaplcq (B,~l!.~Clf1,ka,~"Q,pe,Of., thelarg~st\bap,lfsm th~. SF?}X, aIJ9~~~e ~~l? ~t~l,:,l?~3,·" . ',_ ,'-':: >: ,:: J:~<, < ,I.:,:" ~::'-:: ',)j~i".') '\,••i "~{'" ';;,/,~,~> :"~: "",~ <,.iJ (;,"<,'."'l,',., \ .. ,/,; 2~ Slobodan MILOSEVIC joined' the League of Communists of Yugoslavia in 1959. In 1984, he beCame Chairman of the City Colllpljttee.of.the.League\of'Commtlnists ·ofBelgiade.In 1986, he was electedthait.Inan of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the IT-02-54-T p.37016 League ofCommunists of Serbia and was re-electedin 1988.
    [Show full text]
  • Bosna I Hercegovina FEDERACIJA BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE
    Bosna i Hercegovina FEDERACIJA BOSNE I Bosnia and Herzegovina FEDERATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA FEDERAL MINISTRY OF HERCEGOVINE FEDERALNO MINISTARSTVO DISPLACED PERSONS AND REFUGEES RASELJENIH OSOBA I IZBJEGLICA Broj: 03-36-2-334-5022/19 Sarajevo, 20.05.2020.godine Na osnovu člana 56. Zakona o organizaciji organa uprave u Federaciji BiH („Službene novine Federacije BiH“ broj: 35/05), a u vezi sa objavljenim Javnim pozivom za program pomoći održivog povratka „Podrška zapošljavanju/samozapošljavanju povratnika u poljoprivredi u period 2020. i 2021.godine“, broj: 03-36-2-334-1/19 od 09.12.2019. godine, u skladu sa Procedurama za izbor korisnika za „Program podrške zapošljavanju/samozapošljavanju povratnika u poljoprivredi u periodu 2020. i 2021.godine“, broj: 03-36-2-334-2/19 od 12.12.2019, na prijedlog Komisije za razmatranje prijava po Javnom pozivu, imenovane Rješenjem ministra, broj: 03-36-2-334-3/19 od 12.12.2019.godine, federalni ministar raseljenih osoba i izbjeglica, donosi ODLUKU O UTVRĐIVANJU RANG LISTE POTENCIJALNIH KORISNIKA za program pomoći održivog povratka „Podrška zapošljavanju/samozapošljavanju povratnika u poljoprivredi u periodu 2020. i 2021.godine“ za entitet Republika srpska I Ovom odlukom vrši se rangiranje potencijalnih korisnika pomoći na osnovu ispunjavanja/neispunjavanja općih i posebnih kriterija, odnosno ukupnog broja bodova. II Rang lista potencijalnih korisnika pomoći koji ispunjavaju opće kriterije iz Javnog poziva raspoređenih prema opštinama i programima pomoći kako slijedi: Regija Banja Luka Banja Luka- Mehanizacija RB IME /ime oca/ PREZIME ADRESA GRAD/OPĆINA PROGRAM POMOĆI NAMJENA BODOVI Ivanjska Pezić 1 Pezić/Ilija/Mato Banja Luka 1. Mehanizacija Traktor 40-45 KS polje 60 Čelinac- Finansijska sredstva Čelinac Novac-mašine, oprema 1 Nuhić (Selim) Mujo V.Mišića 44 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Географски И Метеоролошки Подаци Geographical and Meteorological Data
    No type Географски и метеоролошки подаци Geographical and meteorological data 15 Географски и метеоролошки подаци 2 Geographical and meteorological data Методолошка објашњења Methodological explanations .......................................................................................................................................................................... 17 ТАБЕЛЕ TABLES 2.1. Географске координате крајњих тачака Републике Српске Geographical coordinates of the extreme points of Republika Srpska ............................................................................................... 25 2.2. Дужина граница и површина Републике Српске Length of boundaries and surface area of Republika Srpska ........................................................................................................... 25 2.3. Језера и рибњаци Lakes and fishponds ......................................................................................................................................................................... 26 2.4. Планине и планински врхови Mountains and mountain peaks ......................................................................................................................................................... 26 2.5. Ријеке Rivers ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 28 2.6. Јачи земљотреси, 1996–2015, са епицентрима на територији Републике Српске
    [Show full text]
  • Not Specified
    S/1994/674/Annex VI Page 221 Casualties: Not specified Narrative of Events: 416. Despite Monday's dispatch of UN troops from Croatia to take control of the Sarajevo airport, Sarajevo itself remained volatile as sporadic fighting continued throughout the city. Serbian forces were reported to have withdrawn from the Sarajevo airfield, and they were also reported to have taken their large artillery weapons with them. Muslim forces had likewise been persuaded to reduce their fire in the airport area. 446/ 417. One hundred twenty-five French marines arrived at the airport and 1,000 members of the Canadian Mechanized Infantry and 80 armoured vehicles were scheduled to arrive on 2 July. These Canadian infantry forces were scheduled to be replaced within three weeks by combined UN peace-keeping forces from France, the Ukraine and Egypt. 447/ (b) Local reported events 418. The first UN relief supplies reached Sarajevo airport and local relief workers distributed 15 tons of food to 1,500 Muslim refugees and food and medical supplies also reached Koševo Hospital. 448/ (c) International reported events 419. US Defense Secretary, Richard B. Cheney, stated that the Bush administration was prepared to commit air and naval combat forces to escort and protect relief convoys into Sarajevo. 449/ 2. 2/7/92 (Thursday) (a) Military Activity Combat and Shelling Activity: BiH and Serbian forces continued to exchange artillery fire around the airport. Source(s): Agence France Presse. Targets Hit: Not specified Description of Damage: Not specified Sniping Activity: Not specified Casualties: Not specified Narrative of Events: 420. Following a series of delays that kept a Canadian mechanized infantry battalion stranded for three days on its 250 mile journey from Croatia, the Canadian battalion, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Michel Jones, fought its way through a Serb roadblock 74 miles north-west of Sarajevo and deployed 40 of its 80 armoured vehicles around the perimeter of the Sarajevo airport.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategic Environmental Impact Study
    Interreg IPA Cross-border Cooperation Programme Croatia-Bosnia and Herzegovina-Montenegro 2014-2020 STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDY Final revised versions that incorporates inputs from consultations with the public and relevant authorities Zagreb, May 2015 IPA Cross-border Cooperation Programme Croatia–Bosnia and Herzegovina-Montenegro 2014-2020 Strategic Environmental Impact Study Document quality information Authors of SEA Jiří Dusík, Dipl. Engineer - Water Resource Engineering Study Marta Brkić, B.Sc. Agronomy - Landscape Architect Ivana Šarić, B.Sc. Biology Jelena Fressl, B.Sc. Biology M.Sc. Konrad Kiš, B.Sc. Forestry Ivan Juratek, B.Sc. Agronomy - Landscape Architect Vjeran Magjarević, B. Sc. Phys. Tomislav Hriberšek, B.Sc. Geology Ines Geci, B.Sc. Geology Mario Pokrivač, B.Sc. Traffic, Occupational Safety Specialist Authors of Ivana Šarić, B.Sc. Biology Appropriate Jelena Fressl, B.Sc. Biology Assessment M.Sc. Konrad Kiš, B.Sc. Forestry Tajana Uzelac Obradović, B.Sc. Biology Project name Ex-ante evaluation and Strategic Environmental Assessment for Interreg IPA Cross-Border Cooperation Programme Croatia–Bosnia and Herzegovina-Montenegro 2014-2020 Document name Strategic Environmental Impact Study Version and Final draft incorporating comments after public consultations (20 May dates 2015) Reference U070_14 Managing Directorate for Managing Cooperation Programmes and Regional authority Development within the Agency for Regional Development Sent to Service for Managing Cooperation Programmes Sent on (date): 20 May 2015 Contact
    [Show full text]
  • Goran Hadžić
    NOT AN OFFICIAL DOCUMENT CASE INFORMATION SHEET (IT-04-75) GORAN HADŽIĆ GORAN HADŽIĆ Indicted for persecutions on political, racial or religious grounds; extermination; murder; torture; inhumane acts; deportation and forcible transfer; cruel treatment; wanton destruction of villages, or devastation not justified by military necessity; destruction or wilful damage done to institutions dedicated to education and religion; and plunder of public or private property President of the Government of the self-proclaimed Serbian Autonomous District Slavonia, Baranja and Western Srem (SAO SBWS) and subsequently President of the Republic of Serbian Krajina (RSK). - Still at large Crimes indicted for (examples): Persecutions on political, racial or religious grounds; extermination; murder; torture; inhumane acts; deportation and forcible transfer (crimes against humanity) Murder; torture; cruel treatment; wanton destruction of villages, or devastation not justified by military necessity; destruction or wilful damage done to institutions dedicated to education and religion; and plunder of public or private property (violations of laws or customs of war) From 1 August 1991 until the end of June 1992, Goran Hadžić, acting individually or in concert with other known and unknown members of a joint criminal enterprise, planned, instigated, ordered, committed, or otherwise aided and abetted the planning, preparation, or execution of the persecutions of the Croat and other non-Serb civilian population in the SAO SBWS / RSK. These persecutions were based on political, racial or religious grounds and included the following: • The extermination or murder of hundreds of Croat and other non-Serb civilians, including women and elderly persons, in Dalj, Dalj Planina, Erdut, Erdut Planina, Klisa, Lovas, Grabovac and Vukovar.
    [Show full text]
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina
    Bosnia and Herzegovina Haris Kušmić interviewed Jovan Divjak Interview date: 7 August 2019 Kušmić: Allow me to formally introduce myself. I am Haris Kušmić, currently working with the WFD [Westminster Foundation for Democracy]. I am interviewing Mr Jovan Divjak, whose biography I cannot possibly fit into a few opening sentences. Let me instead say something I have said before in conversation with him: that he is someone who has built and defended and given everything he had to this country in periods of both war and peace. Mr Divjak, thank you very much for inviting me here and giving me an opportunity to interview you. Unlike other interviews, the questions here may relate more to your personality. We are certainly going to touch on things that you have gone through, that the general public is familiar with, but the goal of this interview is to try and see Jovan Divjak as Jovan Divjak: you as a person, things you have gone through in your life, from childhood on—which may well be appropriate, as you are working on your book. We hope you will succeed in publishing it. Divjak: And its title is “Do Not Shoot.” Kušmić: And its title is “Do Not Shoot.” Exactly. Well, we can begin with your early life, when you were a child. Could you perhaps tell me something about your childhood? Divjak: Well, my childhood is somewhat fresh in my memory as I often write and speak about it in interviews. I begin with the story of me bringing my parents joy on 11 March 1937.
    [Show full text]