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Nazi Germany and the Jews Ch 3.Pdf
AND THE o/ w VOLUME I The Years of Persecution, i933~i939 SAUL FRIEDLANDER HarperCollinsPííMí^ers 72 • THE YEARS OF PERSECUTION, 1933-1939 dependent upon a specific initial conception and a visible direction. Such a CHAPTER 3 conception can be right or wrong; it is the starting point for the attitude to be taken toward all manifestations and occurrences of life and thereby a compelling and obligatory rule for all action."'^'In other words a worldview as defined by Hitler was a quasi-religious framework encompassing imme Redemptive Anti-Semitism diate political goals. Nazism was no mere ideological discourse; it was a political religion commanding the total commitment owed to a religious faith."® The "visible direction" of a worldview implied the existence of "final goals" that, their general and hazy formulation notwithstanding, were sup posed to guide the elaboration and implementation of short-term plans. Before the fall of 1935 Hitler did not hint either in public or in private I what the final goal of his anti-Jewish policy might be. But much earlier, as On the afternoon of November 9,1918, Albert Ballin, the Jewish owner of a fledgling political agitator, he had defined the goal of a systematic anti- the Hamburg-Amerika shipping line, took his life. Germany had lost the Jewish policy in his notorious first pohtical text, the letter on the "Jewish war, and the Kaiser, who had befriended him and valued his advice, had question" addressed on September 16,1919, to one Adolf Gemlich. In the been compelled to abdicate and flee to Holland, while in Berlin a republic short term the Jews had to be deprived of their civil rights: "The final aim was proclaimed. -
When Fear Is Substituted for Reason: European and Western Government Policies Regarding National Security 1789-1919
WHEN FEAR IS SUBSTITUTED FOR REASON: EUROPEAN AND WESTERN GOVERNMENT POLICIES REGARDING NATIONAL SECURITY 1789-1919 Norma Lisa Flores A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December 2012 Committee: Dr. Beth Griech-Polelle, Advisor Dr. Mark Simon Graduate Faculty Representative Dr. Michael Brooks Dr. Geoff Howes Dr. Michael Jakobson © 2012 Norma Lisa Flores All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Dr. Beth Griech-Polelle, Advisor Although the twentieth century is perceived as the era of international wars and revolutions, the basis of these proceedings are actually rooted in the events of the nineteenth century. When anything that challenged the authority of the state – concepts based on enlightenment, immigration, or socialism – were deemed to be a threat to the status quo and immediately eliminated by way of legal restrictions. Once the façade of the Old World was completely severed following the Great War, nations in Europe and throughout the West started to revive various nineteenth century laws in an attempt to suppress the outbreak of radicalism that preceded the 1919 revolutions. What this dissertation offers is an extended understanding of how nineteenth century government policies toward radicalism fostered an environment of increased national security during Germany’s 1919 Spartacist Uprising and the 1919/1920 Palmer Raids in the United States. Using the French Revolution as a starting point, this study allows the reader the opportunity to put events like the 1848 revolutions, the rise of the First and Second Internationals, political fallouts, nineteenth century imperialism, nativism, Social Darwinism, and movements for self-government into a broader historical context. -
German Politics and the 'Jewish Question', 1914-1919
German Politics and the 'Jewish Question', 1914-1919 Lucia Juliette Linares Darwin College Dissertation submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2019 PREFACE I hereby declare that this dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration except as declared in the preface and specified in the text. It is not substantially the same as any other work that I have submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for a degree or diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other university or similar institution except as declared in the preface and specified in the text. I further state that no substantial part of my dissertation has already been submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for any such degree, diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other university or similar institution except as declared in the preface and specified in the text. It does not exceed the prescribed word limit for the Faculty of History. All translations are my own unless specified in the text. i ABSTRACT German Politics and the 'Jewish Question', 1914-1919 Lucia Juliette Linares The First World War confronted German politicians with a range of unprecedented, vital questions in the spheres of domestic as well as foreign policy. As the fortunes of war shifted, so did borders, populations and national allegiances. In a period of acute and almost constant political crisis, the German government faced issues concerning citizenship, minority rights, religious identity, nationhood and statehood. My dissertation analyses these issues through the prism of the so-called 'Jewish Question'. -
Anette Marquardt FORMATIERT
Anette Marquardt Bestandskatalog der Autographen- und Büchersammlung Schneider in der Ehemaligen Universitätsbibliothek Helmstedt https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-201808241206-0 Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorbemerkungen ................................................................................................................... 3 Sammlungsordnung .............................................................................................................. 5 Verzeichnis nicht katalogisierter Bestände ............................................................................ 6 Bücher und Aufzeichnungen ................................................................................................. 8 Personenverzeichnis ............................................................................................................10 Abkürzungen ........................................................................................................................28 Hinweise zur Nutzung ..........................................................................................................29 Autographen-Katalog ...........................................................................................................30 Quellenverzeichnis ............................................................................................................. 430 Seite 2 https://doi.org/10.24355/dbbs.084-201808241206-0 Vorbemerkungen Die „Ehemalige Universitäts-Bibliothek“ Helmstedt (auch Bibliotheca Julica oder Juleum) ist die heute erhaltene Bibliothek -
The Germans: "An Antisemitic People” the Press Campaign After 9 November 1938 Herbert Obenhaus
The Germans: "An Antisemitic People” The Press Campaign After 9 November 1938 Herbert Obenhaus The pogrom of 9-10 November 1938 gave rise to a variety of tactical and strategic considerations by the German government and National Socialist party offices. The discussions that took place in the Ministry of Propaganda - which in some respects played a pivotal role in the events, due largely to its minister, Josef Goebbels - were of particular significance. On the one hand, the ministry was obliged to document the "wrath of the people" following the assassination of Ernst vom Rath; on the other hand, it was also responsible for manipulating the population by influencing the press and molding opinion. Concerning the events themselves, the main issue was what kind of picture the press was conveying to both a national and an international readership. In the ministry, this prompted several questions: Could it be satisfied with the reactions of the population to vom Rath's murder? What explanation could be given for the people's obvious distance to the events surrounding 9 November? Should the press make greater efforts to influence the opinions prevalent among the population? Should special strategies for the press be developed and pursued after 9 November 1938? Moreover, since the pogrom proved to be a turning point in the regime's policies towards German Jews and marked the beginning of a qualitative change, how should the press react to these changes ? Press activity was also conducted on a second level, that of the NSDAP, which had its own press service, the Nationalsozialistische Partei- Korrespondenz (NSK).1 As was the case with Goebbels' ministry, the 1 It was published in 1938 with the publisher's information, "Commissioned by Wilhelm Weiss responsible for the reports from the Reichspressestelle: Dr. -
00 Primeras Paginas Rha5
RHA, Vol. 5, Núm. 5 (2007), 15-28 ISSN 1697-3305 GERMAN STATE ACTION AND RAILWAY POLICY DURING THE 20TH CENTURY Ralf Roth* Recibido: 3 Junio 2007 / Revisado: 4 Septiembre 2007 / Aceptado: 1 Octubre 2007 INTRODUCTION and Württemberg in the 1840s. Prussia, which The question of state and railway is one of the next to Austria was the largest state of the German most important in Germany’s history. Many scho- Confederation, favoured a mixed system from the lars have contributed to this topic. New research 1840s onwards. At that time, the Prussian state shed light on this field in the last decade. Initiated planned a railway for the eastern –and economi- and financed by the Deutsche Bahn AG (German cally underdeveloped– parts of the country. The Railway Company) and the Gesellschaft für Unter - Ostbahn (Eastern Railway) was planned to initiate nehmensgeschichte (Society for Entrepreneurial economic improvement of this part of the mo - History), an extensive research project took place narchy in order to counterbalance the powerful, from 1994 to 1998. The outcome of this project wealthy and politically liberal departments in the was summarised in a study by Lothar Gall and West. But the state itself did not have the money Manfred Pohl, Die Eisenbahn in Deutschland (The for railway construction at that time. On the one Railway in Germany), which appeared in 19991. hand, debts from the Napoleonic Wars still burde- The perspective of the present article follows the ned the state budget. On the other hand, the argumentation of Gall and Poll’s study of the long potential private investors, wealthy merchants and and winding road of Germany’s state railway. -
Republic of Violence: the German Army and Politics, 1918-1923
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2015-09-11 Republic of Violence: The German Army and Politics, 1918-1923 Bucholtz, Matthew N Bucholtz, M. N. (2015). Republic of Violence: The German Army and Politics, 1918-1923 (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/27638 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/2451 doctoral thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Republic of Violence: The German Army and Politics, 1918-1923 By Matthew N. Bucholtz A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN HISTORY CALGARY, ALBERTA SEPTEMBER, 2015 © Matthew Bucholtz 2015 Abstract November 1918 did not bring peace to Germany. Although the First World War was over, Germany began a new and violent chapter as an outbreak of civil war threatened to tear the country apart. The birth of the Weimar Republic, Germany’s first democratic government, did not begin smoothly as republican institutions failed to re-establish centralized political and military authority in the wake of the collapse of the imperial regime. Coupled with painful aftershocks from defeat in the Great War, the immediate postwar era had only one consistent force shaping and guiding political and cultural life: violence. -
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Rosenblum, Serene justitia InterDisciplines 2 (2015) Serene justitia and the passions of the public sphere Warren Rosenblum »Tear away the false blindfold from this figure of Justice! We no longer have any justice.« ——Kurt Tucholsky, »Prozess Harden« (1922)1 In 1907, the German Ministry of Justice decreed that Justitia—the allegorical representation of justice—should no longer be blindfolded. The order applied to statues and reliefs of the goddess that decorated new courthouses. The Ministry offered no explanation. While most Germans probably never heard of this decree, they almost certainly observed its effects. In the Wilhelmine era, Germany was in the midst of a courthouse building spree. In Berlin alone, nine court buildings were completed between 1901 and 1907, many adorned with a blindfolded Justitia. Construction continued apace in other Prussian cities after 1907. For the editors of the Deutsche Juristenzeitung (DJZ)—whose masthead featured the goddess—the Ministry’s decision was distressing. »What is next?« asked the author of a regular legal news column. »Will they take away her sword and scales, or perhaps ban her altogether from the courts?« (Stranz 1907, 1130). Clearly, something larger was at stake than just a question of decorative style. 1 Reprinted in Gesammelte Werke, vol. 3, 296–304. All translations are mine unless otherwise noted. I would like to thank Sylvia Kesper-Biermann, Dagmar Ellerbrock, and the participants in the workshop on »Recht und Gefühle« for their insightful comments on earlier drafts. Research for this article was funded by grants from Webster University and the American Philosophical Society. DOI: 10.4119/UNIBI/indi-v6-i2-141 ISSN 2191-6721 Rosenblum, Serene justitia InterDisciplines 2 (2015) Why was Justitia blind? Art historians note that the first appearance of a blindfold on Justitia was almost certainly intended to satirize the courts. -
Conservative Parties and the Birth of Democracy
Conservative Parties and the Birth of Democracy How do democracies form and what makes them die? Daniel Ziblatt revisits this timely and classic question in a wide-ranging historical narrative that traces the evolution of modern political democracy in Europe from its modest beginnings in 1830s Britain to Adolf Hitler’s 1933 seizure of power in Weimar Germany. Based on rich historical and quantitative evidence, the book offers a major reinterpretation of European history and the question of how stable political democracy is achieved. The barriers to inclusive political rule, Ziblatt finds, were not inevitably overcome by unstoppable tides of socioeconomic change, a simple triumph of a growing middle class, or even by working class collective action. Instead, political democracy’s fate surprisingly hinged on how conservative political parties – the historical defenders of power, wealth, and privilege – recast themselves and coped with the rise of their own radical right. With striking modern parallels, the book has vital implications for today’s new and old democracies under siege. Daniel Ziblatt is Professor of Government at Harvard University where he is also a resident fellow of the Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies. He is also currently Fernand Braudel Senior Fellow at the European University Institute. His first book, Structuring the State: The Formation of Italy and Germany and the Puzzle of Federalism (2006) received several prizes from the American Political Science Association. He has written extensively on the emergence of democracy in European political history, publishing in journals such as American Political Science Review, Journal of Economic History, and World Politics. -
Rechtsprechung Als Politik: Der Beitrag Des Bundesarbeitsgerichts Zur Entwicklung Der Arbeitsbeziehungen in Deutschland
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Rehder, Britta Book Rechtsprechung als Politik: Der Beitrag des Bundesarbeitsgerichts zur Entwicklung der Arbeitsbeziehungen in Deutschland Schriften aus dem Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung Köln, No. 74 Provided in Cooperation with: Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies (MPIfG), Cologne Suggested Citation: Rehder, Britta (2011) : Rechtsprechung als Politik: Der Beitrag des Bundesarbeitsgerichts zur Entwicklung der Arbeitsbeziehungen in Deutschland, Schriften aus dem Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung Köln, No. 74, ISBN 978-3-593-39505-0, Campus Verlag, Frankfurt a. M. This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/108940 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung -
"... Wir Müssen Alles in Der Hand Haben."
MINISTERIUM UND GESCHICHTE „ ... wir mssen alles in der Hand haben.“ Justizpolitik in der SBZ und der DDR 1945–1954 „ ... wir müssen alles in der Hand haben.“ * Justizpolitik in der SBZ und der DDR 1945–1954 * Ulbricht, Walter (1945) zitiert nach Leonhard, Wolfgang: Die Revolution entläßt ihre Kinder, Köln 1955, S. 440. 5 Vorwort Zentralverwaltung der Justiz (DJV) in den Einsatz von Volksrichtern ebenso der SBZ und das Ministerium der wie die Verflechtungen zwischen Justiz Justiz (MdJ) der DDR allerdings ihr und SED. Weiterhin verdeutlicht die Justiz- und Justizverwaltungspersonal Broschüre, wie sehr die unterschied- gewannen, war nicht Gegenstand des lichen Vorstellungen der Alliierten den „Rosenburg-Projekts“. Diese Lücke Aufbau und die Ausrichtung der Justiz schließt die vorliegende Broschüre. und der Justizverwaltung in den beiden Teilen Deutschlands geprägt haben. Das Wissen um die unterschiedlichen Justizsysteme in beiden deutschen Die Veröffentlichung ist ein wichtiger Staaten und um den unterschiedlichen Beitrag zur historischen und politischen Umgang dieser Systeme mit der ge- Bildung. Ihrem Autor, Herrn Professor meinsamen NS-Vergangenheit ist vor Hubert Rottleuthner, spreche ich allem für Juristinnen und Juristen meinen Dank aus. Ich freue mich, wertvoll. Die politische Einflussnahme dass die Broschüre die von meinem auf das Justizsystem müssen gerade sie Ministerium herausgegebene mit klarem, historisch informiertem Broschürenreihe zur Geschichte des Blick zu beurteilen wissen. Unser Justizressorts um einen wertvollen Rechtsstaat braucht zudem die Unter- Beitrag zur Justizgeschichte ergänzt. Sie halten eine Veröffentlichung über die Aufarbeitung der NS-Vergangenheit stützung aufgeklärter und aufmerk- die Justizpolitik in der DDR und der in den Justizministerien geben kann. samer Bürgerinnen und Bürger. Das SBZ in den Jahren 1945 - 1954 in den Wissen um die Fehler und Versäumnisse Händen. -
Brockdorff-Rantzau As the Weimar Republic's First Foreign Minister
University of Nebraska at Omaha DigitalCommons@UNO Student Work 1-1-1967 Count and democrat ; Brockdorff-Rantzau as the Weimar Republic's first foreign minister Marilyn Senn Moll University of Nebraska at Omaha Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/studentwork Recommended Citation Moll, Marilyn Senn, "Count and democrat ; Brockdorff-Rantzau as the Weimar Republic's first foreign minister" (1967). Student Work. 407. https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/studentwork/407 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UNO. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Work by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. iI ^ "COUNT AND DEMOCRAT" BROCKDORFF-RANTZAU AS THE WEIMAR REPUBLIC'S FIRST FOREIGN MINISTER A Thesis Presented to the Department of History and the Faculty of the Graduate College University of Omaha In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts by Marilyn Senn Moll January 1967 UMI Number: EP73045 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI EP73045 Published by ProQuest LLC (2015). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O.