Florida Keys Travel in the Keys in 1870S
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Florida Keys Sea Heritage Journal VOL. 21 NO. 3 SPRING 2011 USS SHARK OFFICIAL QUARTERLY PUBLICATION OF THE KEY WEST MARITIME HISTORICAL SOCIETY Travel in The Keys in 1870s By John Viele. Copyright 1993 This article appeared in the Island Navigator in 1993 Two young men, George Parsons and a friend he called “Ros,” arrived in Key West by Mallory Line steamer in November 1873 just after news of the Virginius affair had been received. They were on their way to Biscayne Bay to stay with a friend. Ros was ill with rheumatism and it was hoped that the warm sunshine and outdoor living there would restore his health. The transportation situation in the Keys in the 1870s had not Drawing by Geo Potter in January 1874. Gift Dr.William M. Stairght. improved much in the 50 years since Key West was first settled. If Soon after arriving, George skating rink, had no regrets over a traveler wanted to get to another found the captain of the mail boat, leaving after only one night’s stay. Key or the mainland, he either had a black man named Andrew Price, The mail boat was a broad-beamed to have his own boat, charter one, and negotiated passage to Biscayne schooner, about 30 feet in length, or take his chances on the mail Bay for himself and Ros for $5 named the Governor Gleason boat which ran between Key West each. Indicative of how sacred the (William H. Gleason had been and Biscayne Bay on a regularly- mail schedule was, George had no Lieutenant Governor of Florida from irregular schedule. Through a diary difficulty in persuading the captain 1868 to 1872 and held, or had an that George Parsons kept, we are to defer his departure until the interest in, the mail contract between fortunate to have a first-hand view following morning. Key West and Biscayne Bay). There of what it was like to be a passenger The two young men, having were three other passengers in on an 1870s inter-Keys-Biscayne found that the principal place of addition to George and Ros. One Bay mail boat. entertainment in town was a roller (Continued on page 12) Society News and Notes by John Viele The Florida Keys Sea Heritage Journal is published quarterly. Subscription is available through membership. Copyright 2011 by Corey Malcom speaking on April 20. Photo credit; Ed Little. the Key West Maritime Historical Society of the Florida Keys, Inc. January 19 “History of of Archaeology for the Mel Fisher The art on the masthead, the USS Weather Forecasting in the Keys” Maritime Heritage Society, told the Shark, was drawn by Bill Muir. Presented to an overflow audience story he discovered behind a letter by John Rizzo and Chip Kasper, in the Society’s archives. The letter Editor: Tom Hambright meteorologists with the Key West was written aboard a slave ship off Weather Station. the coast of Africa in 1819. Through February 16 “Radio Operator careful and extensive research, Letters and articles are welcome. on 125 ft. Ketch in Antarctica” Corey was able to determine the Please write to: Editor, Florida Keys John Lohr told of his experiences name of the ship and many details Sea Heritage Journal, KWMHS, P.O. in the 1970s as radio operator and of her voyage. His study revealed Box 695, Key West, FL 33041. communications expert aboard that Pardon C. Greene (Greene the sailing vessel Hero plying the Street Key West) was involved in Key West Maritime Historical Society most violent stretch of waters in the the African slave trade. Board of Directors world between Tierra del Fuego and May 18 “Key West and the Civil Antarctica. War” Tom Hambright, Monroe President: Edward J.Little,Jr. March 16 “Discovery of Sunken County Historian, and head of the Vice President: John Jones Bronze Warship Rams” Dr. Jeff Key West Library Florida History Secretary: Corey Malcom Royal, Director of RPM Nautical Department, told of the unique part Treasurer: Tom Hambright Foundation discussed finding Key West played in the Civil War. sunken bronze rams off the coast of The only southern port to remain Sicily, the remains of three ancient in Union hands, Key West became Andrea Comstock warships involved in a Roman- the headquarters of the East Gulf George Craig Carthaginian naval battle in 241 Blockading Squadron. Ships of the J. Gregory Griffin B.C. squadron captured 199 blockade Bill Grosscup April 20 “A Slave Ship Letter runners and brought them to Key Tom Hambright from 1819” Corey Malcom, Director West for adjudication. Mary Haffenreffer Sheri Lohr New Member Joan Langley Linda & Lawrence Abele, Lulu’s Restaurant, Gulf Shores, AL; Julie McEnroe Tallahassee; Rick Andersen, Key Premiere Racing, Inc. Marblehead, Bill Verge West; Michael Blades, Key West; MA; Matt Reid, Key West; Edward John Viele Ben Edwards, Big Pine Key; D. Salazar, Key West; Dave Smith, Breanne Erickson, Key West; Beau Key West; Alan Teitelbaum, Key Kirkpatrick, Key West; Lulu Buffett West; James S. Welch, Key West. 2 - FLORIDA KEYS SEA HERITAGE JOURNAL - SPRING 2011 History Of The U. S. Naval Magazine In 1945 Lt. (jg) Winfred R. Hoey complied a report of over 600 pages on the Naval Air Station Trumbo Point (Seaplane Base), Naval Auxiliary Air Station Boca Chica, Satellite Naval Air Field Meacham and support facilities. Following is the history section of her report on the Naval Magazine Fleming Key. I Chronology A. Date Established 13 October 1941: Established and placed under administrative command of the Commanding Officer Naval Air Station, Key West, Florida. Fleming Key from the northwest with the dredge in the turning basin on B. Officers-in-Charge September 23, 1941. Photo credit: U.S. Navy. 13 Oct 41 to Sep 43: Lt. Comdr. Martin Nyburg, USN (Ret) well as surface and submarine craft. spoil from the dredging of NAS’s Sep 43 to Apr 44: Lt.(jg) Leonard Included amongst Naval activities seaplane channels from July 1941 H. Crain, USN served are NAS, Naval Station, throughout 1942, the construction Apr 44 to date: Lt.(jg) Ralph C. Section Base, and Forces Afloat. of the Magazine area taking place Wilson, USN It comprises 32 magazines in concurrently. The material obtained C. Transfers of Command: None five groups, plus a depth charge for fill was a mixture of coral rock Since its establishment, Naval testing building and one garage and silt. Magazine has been sponsored, building with office spaces and Sharing the Key with the Naval equipped, operated and maintained quarters for six men. (The Air Magazine, which is set off by 20, by the Bureau of Ordinance. The Station has utilized, on an average, 800 feet of steel fence, are, outside Officer-in-Charge, however, is three of these magazines.) the fenced area, NAS’s Boathouse, administratively and militarily under (II) General Data: Geographical Marine Transportation Shop and the Commanding Officer, Naval Air and Topographical Service Building, and finger piers Station, Key West. The Magazine occupies 230 acres for crash and utility boats. of land, about 2 miles in length, To the west lies the Naval Fuel II. NARRATIVE on Fleming Key, located to the Depot. A. Background northwest of NAS, Key West, and (III) Acquistion of the Land (I) Function in the Aeronautical connected to it by a small bridge. Fleming Key, including both its Organization This Key originally comprised two original and its man-made portions, Under the Commanding Officer small mangrove keys, one about 20 lies within bounds of Public Lands Naval Air Station, Key West, acres and the other of about five, reserved for Navy Department use Florida, the Commandant Seventh situated a half a mile off shore. by Executive Order of the President Naval District, and the Bureau of Typical of hundreds surrounding NO. 4060 of 11 August 1924. Most Ordinance, Naval Magazine, Key Key West, these have been built of its area was created in 1942 by West, services, stows, maintains up in the course of years by spoil spoil dredged from NAS’s seaplane and supplies ammunition for all from the ships’ channel serving Key landing and takeoff area, the activities in the Key West area, West. The rest of Fleming Key is dredging operations being financed man-made, being largely created by including aircraft and shore bases as (Continued on page 4) SPRING 2011 - FLORIDA KEYS SEA HERITAGE JOURNAL - 3 (Magazine from page 3) by the Appropriation Act of 1942. As early as 1940, Fleming Key, conditional upon dredging, had been cited as the most suitable spot for bomb storage for the Key West area. According to Cmdr. G.B. Hoey, Chief of Staff of Naval Station, Fleming Key and East Martello Tower had been used for this purpose. Recommendation that the dredging material be used for building up Fleming Key to permit its employment for ammunition storage was contained in a letter of the Commanding Officer, Naval Station, on 15 May 1941. A Fleming Key looking south on November 3, 1941. Photo credit: U.S. Navy. BuDock’s letter of 11 June 1941 stated: “ Since the provision of a site for magazines is of the utmost importance, it is requested that the runway dredging operations be scheduled so that Fleming Key may be built up to the requested size at the earliest possible date. By this procedure the construction of the magazines can go on while the balance of the dredging is still proceeding.” The site was preferred because it was adjacent to the Air Station, for which its principal storage was needed and where speed of service to planes was vital, and yet it was also easily accessible to ships from the Naval Station and Section Base, which could be supplied at a more leisurely pace.