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America 1492 America 1492 GAMES RED THE WHITE IROQUOIS & PLAYED BLUE CORN GIANT HAIRY ELEPHANTS IN PARTNERSHIP WITH America_1492_FC.indd 1 3/13/17 9:19 AM 2 shoppig mas he foests ee dese ad tohed pats of the otiet, it is The First Americans said, a sie od go hdeds of mies he e st meias ee ig-game mpig fom tee to tee ithot ee htes ho aied speas of oe ad tohig the god stoe he ame fom sia, t the eet e thosads of eas, the st mei- ooig fo a e pae to ie he ee as deeoped ma as to ie o the ad fooig the giat ffao ad oo mam- ome setted aog the oasts thes ame moth he taed ad ied those aimas to ie i foests, o pais, o i iff hoses to sie oth meia, the fod i the desets heee the ied, the eaes as ig as eas, t o ets oaed sed the ads ata esoes ise thogh the sies, ad o a hos hoed , most st meias hted ad hee ee o tos, ities, highas, o famed fo a iig the ti, the hted THE FIRST AMERICANS d ICE AGE HUNTERS lived in small chipped away groups and flakes of rock until moved often, u THE GROUND SLOTH a stone had a always searching didn’t eat meat. sharp edge. Then for big game. Instead it used they took a straight Capturing such its front legs to stick that had large animals pull leaves from been peeled and required skill and trees for breakfast, smoothed. They luck. Sometimes, lunch, and supper. tied the sharpened animals could This beast was stone to one end of be chased into over 18 feet long the stick and made swamps, where – more than three a spear. they sank into times the height of mud and were an average adult trapped. At other man. It weighed times an animal three tons, about might be speared as much as three and wounded. small cars. Its Then the hunters giant back legs tracked it until and tail supported it died. its huge body. THE WOOLLY MAMMOTH the Great Plains, Their fur kept them was a 10-foot-tall, was even bigger warm in freezing four-ton elephant. – over 13 feet tall. blizzards. Each It roamed North Mammoths had mammoth tooth America during the long, shaggy, red- was twice as big Ice Age. Its cousin, dish-brown outer as a brick. The the imperial mam- coats and thick, shiny tusks of ivory moth, which lived on woolly undercoats. curved upward. America_1492_2-3.indd 2 3/13/17 9:24 AM 3 whales, seals, and caribou. In other places, the shed, gatheed id pats, ad hunted animals such as buffalo and deer. They killed animals not for sport but for food, shete, ad othig Christopher Columbus arrived in the Americas in 1492. Let’s take a look at what life was like in North America just a shot time efoe oms got hee We’ll have to step back into what we call “pre-Columbian” times, more than 500 eas ago, to meet the st meias f oe ead to time-tae, ets go u MANY SCIENTISTS the Bering Land believe that the Bridge. Others When the Ice first people came think people came Age ended, the to North America by boat. Over time, land bridge con- from Asia about people settled necting Asia and 12,000 years ago everywhere from North America or earlier by walk- Alaska to the tip of disappeared. Do ing over a strip South America. you know why? of land called Do you know why Native Americans are called Indians? America_1492_2-3.indd 3 3/13/17 9:25 AM 4 In 1492, the rivers and oceans of Sea People the ai othest ee ed ith samo, hait, ad ma of the Pacifi c othe sh og the shoe, peope dg fo ams ad msses he aea got ots of ai a eda Northwest tees ge i the foests o did shes f of tast eies a THE HEAD WHALER stands tall in the cedar canoe. He plunges his har- poon deep into the whale’s side. Long MAKAH SEA HUNTERS ropes attached to depended on their the harpoon help harpoons. The tip the men follow the of the harpoon wounded whale. had a large mus- The whalers tow sel-shell blade. the dying whale to Harpoons also had d THE MAKAH HAD shore, where their two sharp barbs canoes of all sizes. families wait made of elk bone Some whaling to welcome or antler. canoes were 46 them home. feet long and could hold a dozen or more men. War canoes could be even larger. Smaller one-per- son canoes were used for river fish- ing and short trips at sea. l THE MAKAH LIVED Families differed in as chief. Within the in five villages on the status, or impor- family, each person Pacific coast in what tance. There were was also ranked by is now Washington “royal” families and importance. There State. The biggest common families. were rules about was Ozette, near the Each family had a how people of dif- tip of the Olympic leader, and the most ferent ranks should peninsula. People powerful of the fam- behave. lived in family groups. ily leaders acted America_1492_4-5.indd 2 3/13/17 9:27 AM 5 of the peope i the ai oth- ottes, seas, ad haes e est famed, t the didt eed to spig, ga haes ad f seas go ops to sta aie he od sam as the made thei a ath die hoo, et, o spea to od othe ates he e gop of atie meias i- the aah sa the haes, the ig i the ai othest i got ead fo the ht he ast as the aah hei iages faed haig aoe is aot to eae u THE MAKAH MADE the ai ea he hted sea op aoad fo a ide seal skin and fur into warm clothing. Whale and seal oil were as important as the skin l THE MAKAH l WOULD YOU LIKE and meat. Villagers didn’t just eat the to go to a party dipped dried meat whale’s meat and where everyone into seal oil before throw the rest came home with eating it. They also away. The barna- a great gift? At a stored berries in seal cles that grew on special ceremony oil to keep them fresh the whale’s skin called a potlatch, longer. Whale oil and made a very tasty a host showed the seal oil were burned treat. The Makah social standing of to create light, just like turned whalebone his or her family. candles. When hunting and tissue into Dressed in fancy and fishing, the Makah l THE MAKAH FOUND fishing line and robes (left), hosts had always taken only many uses for the tools of all kinds. gave their guests what they needed. In cedar trees from They made con- a huge meal and the 1800s, white hunt- nearby forests. They tainers from the beautiful presents, ers killed so many fur made the wood into whale’s intestines. such as fine blan- seals that the seals fishhooks, boxes, And they used and kets, carved boxes, almost died out. bowls, and canoe traded whale oil, and even canoes. paddles. Whaling which was very The most important canoes were carved valuable. guests got the best from cedar trees. gifts. Women wove the bark into skirts, baskets, mats, and ropes. America_1492_4-5.indd 3 3/13/17 9:27 AM 6 Little rain falls in the South- fl ash fl oods his imate Peoples of the west. Some parts are desert. doesn’t seem like a very The rest is very dry. When good place for people, espe- Desert Southwest rain does come, it often cially for farmers. Yet Native pours down in short, strong Americans of the Southwest thunderstorms that cause were expert farmers, grow- l PUEBLO PEOPLES r KACHINAS WERE lived in the area powerful spirits we now call the that played a big Southwest. The part in the lives of Hopi made their the Hopi. People home in what is wearing different now northeastern u THIS HOPI WOMAN kachina masks Arizona. The Hopi was photographed u HOPI WOMEN MADE gave prayers to traded with other in 1906. She the pottery and the kachina spirits peoples, including wears the ancient baskets they used for good harvests. those of Mexico. “squash blossom” as trays, serving u SOUTHWESTERN Hopi girls were Some of the things hairstyle of her platters, and corn corn comes in six given dolls that they traded for people. Women containers. Some colors. For the Hopi, were carved and were parrot feath- wore it when they bowls had a snake yellow corn stood dressed to look ers, copper, and were old enough to design on them. The for the north, blue like kachinas. turquoise. get married. snake was a symbol corn for the west, These dolls helped of lightning and rain. red corn for the the children learn south, and white about the different corn for the east. kachina spirits. Purple corn stood for the sky and gray ON THIS DAY, ONE OF corn for the under- the men is looking world. The Hopi ate to see how well corn at every meal. his young corn Popcorn was a plants are grow- Hopi treat. ing. In a Hopi village, men did most of the farming. America_1492_6-7.indd 2 3/13/17 10:39 AM 7 ing crops of corn, beans, peoples, they lived in multi- your hiking boots and climb squash, and cotton.
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