Beyond Belief 06 Archeology

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Beyond Belief 06 Archeology Beyond Belief 06 God Revealed in History 01 – Archeology Archeology and the Scriptures Pre-flood period: A. Sumerian King List: B. Non-Biblical flood accounts Tower of Babel A. Enmerkar Epic B. This epic takes place in “Eridu” C. E-Abzu D. Unfinished foundation E. Language issues Patriarchs A. The Lament for Ur B. Desecration of Names C. Code of Hammurabi (Gen 37:28) D. Use of Camels E. The Gold of Valor (Gen 41:42) Captivity and Exodus A. Tomb of Rekmire (Slavery of Thutmose III) B. “Louvre Leather Roll” C. Ipuwer text D. Elephantine Stele (Life of Amenhotep II) E. The Dream Stele (Thutmose IV gains power, Exo 12:29). The Period of the Conquest A. The Balaam Inscription (Numbers 22) B. Jericho (Joshua 6) C. Hapiru (Canaan complaints about Hebrews) The Time of the Judges A. Egypt mentions Israel as the dominant people of the land B. The Mysterious Piym The Period of the Kings (United Kingdom, Early Israel) A. The things skeptics say - King David is like King Arthur B. Tel Dan Stele - “byt dwd” (House of David) Divided Kingdom A. Seal of Jeroboam B. We have archeological biblical name usage C. Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (Jehu offering tribute) D. Hezekiah’s religious purge (Ex 20:24-25, Deut 12, 2 Chron 31:1) E. Isaiah Seal The Babylonian Conquest A. Bulla of Baruch (Jer 36:32) The New Testament Era A. Evidence Regarding Jesus - Flavious Josephus B. Evidence Supporting Luke and Acts C. Evidence of the Early Church – Pliny the Younger, Tacitus Questions for Discussion: Q1. What does and doesn’t the archeology do to convince non-believers? What exactly can it prove and not prove? Q2. What find did you feel was most interesting? Why? Q3. Christians must be careful to check the veracity of sources claiming archeological finds related to the Bible. Why do you think so many frauds are geared toward fooling Christian communities? .
Recommended publications
  • Antikenrezeption Im Hochbarock
    Antikenrezeption im Hochbarock Herausgegeben van Herbert Beck und Sabine Schulze GEBR. MANN VERLAG· BERLIN lRVTNG LAVIN Bernini and Antiquity - The Baroque Paradox A Poetical View* My chief purpose in this paper is to bring together and consider under one heading two papers by earlier scholars on apparently quite different subjects that are fundamcntnl to some of our current views on the relationship of Baroque art to antiquity. In a brief note entitled ··Rhetoric and Baroque Art". published in 1955 . Giulio Carlo Argan for the first time offered what has since become perhaps the prevalent interpretation of Ba roque art. base d on the classical tradition of rhetoric'. The primary source book on the subject. Arist0tle's treatise on rhetoric. became available in Italian translation in 1570. The wide influence of Argan ·s essay was very salubrious. suggesting as it did that Baroque style. often regarded as a decadent superabundance of ornament and conceit. could better be under­ stood positively as a deliberate and sophisticated technique of persuasion. T he second paper. published by RudolfWiukower in 1963, compared the use ofanciem models by Poussin. the arch classicist of France. and Bernini, the outstanding representative of Italian Baroque 2 exuberance . With great perspicuity Wittkower showed from preparatory studies how classical sources functioned in diametrically opposite ways in the development of their works. Poussin would typicall y start with a dynamic. ··Baroque" design. into which ancient models would then intervene to produce a restrained. classicizing final version: Bernini. on the other hand. would often start with a classical prototype. which he would then transform into a free and volatile ·'Baroque'· solution.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Fragility: Setting the Terms
    McDONALD INSTITUTE CONVERSATIONS The Evolution of Fragility: Setting the Terms Edited by Norman Yoffee The Evolution of Fragility: Setting the Terms McDONALD INSTITUTE CONVERSATIONS The Evolution of Fragility: Setting the Terms Edited by Norman Yoffee with contributions from Tom D. Dillehay, Li Min, Patricia A. McAnany, Ellen Morris, Timothy R. Pauketat, Cameron A. Petrie, Peter Robertshaw, Andrea Seri, Miriam T. Stark, Steven A. Wernke & Norman Yoffee Published by: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge, UK CB2 3ER (0)(1223) 339327 [email protected] www.mcdonald.cam.ac.uk McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2019 © 2019 McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. The Evolution of Fragility: Setting the Terms is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 (International) Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ISBN: 978-1-902937-88-5 Cover design by Dora Kemp and Ben Plumridge. Typesetting and layout by Ben Plumridge. Cover image: Ta Prohm temple, Angkor. Photo: Dr Charlotte Minh Ha Pham. Used by permission. Edited for the Institute by James Barrett (Series Editor). Contents Contributors vii Figures viii Tables ix Acknowledgements x Chapter 1 Introducing the Conference: There Are No Innocent Terms 1 Norman Yoffee Mapping the chapters 3 The challenges of fragility 6 Chapter 2 Fragility of Vulnerable Social Institutions in Andean States 9 Tom D. Dillehay & Steven A. Wernke Vulnerability and the fragile state
    [Show full text]
  • Women in the Ancient Near East: a Sourcebook
    WOMEN IN THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST Women in the Ancient Near East provides a collection of primary sources that further our understanding of women from Mesopotamian and Near Eastern civiliza- tions, from the earliest historical and literary texts in the third millennium BC to the end of Mesopotamian political autonomy in the sixth century BC. This book is a valuable resource for historians of the Near East and for those studying women in the ancient world. It moves beyond simply identifying women in the Near East to attempting to place them in historical and literary context, follow- ing the latest research. A number of literary genres are represented, including myths and epics, proverbs, medical texts, law collections, letters and treaties, as well as building, dedicatory, and funerary inscriptions. Mark W. Chavalas is Professor of History at the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, where he has taught since 1989. Among his publications are the edited Emar: The History, Religion, and Culture of a Syrian Town in the Late Bronze Age (1996), Mesopotamia and the Bible (2002), and The Ancient Near East: Historical Sources in Translation (2006), and he has had research fellowships at Yale, Harvard, Cornell, Cal-Berkeley, and a number of other universities. He has nine seasons of exca- vation at various Bronze Age sites in Syria, including Tell Ashara/Terqa and Tell Mozan/Urkesh. ROUTLEDGE SOURCEBOOKS FOR THE ANCIENT WORLD HISTORIANS OF ANCIENT ROME, THIRD EDITION Ronald Mellor TRIALS FROM CLASSICAL ATHENS, SECOND EDITION Christopher Carey ANCIENT GREECE, THIRD EDITION Matthew Dillon and Lynda Garland READINGS IN LATE ANTIQUITY, SECOND EDITION Michael Maas GREEK AND ROMAN EDUCATION Mark Joyal, J.C.
    [Show full text]
  • You Should Consider Nothing Good Which Has Its Beginning in Evil
    “You should consider nothing good which has its beginning in evil. The origin of the games is in shamelessness, in violence, in hate, in a fratricidal founder, in the son of the god of war.” – Tertullian, De Spectaculis V “But if I could account for the origin of these divine properties, then I might also be able to explain how they might cease to exist.” – Cicero, de Re Publica I.XXIV University of Alberta Violence, Pleasure, Civilization: Roman Gladiators and the Writing of History by Erin M. Stepney A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Sociology ©Erin Stepney Fall 2013 Edmonton, Alberta Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. Where the thesis is converted to, or otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users of the thesis of these terms. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author's prior written permission. Dedication I would like to gratefully acknowledge the support of the University of Alberta Departments of Sociology and of History and Classics, and of Drs. Kevin Haggerty, Stephen Hijmans, Paul Datta, Sandra Bingham, Jeremy Rossiter, Andrew Gow, Derek Sayer, Mike Gillespie, Bill Johnston, Haim Goldfuss, Peter Fabian, the late Sharon Rosenberg, the late Philip Stepney, and forever and always Richard Fletcher.
    [Show full text]
  • Asher-Greve / Westenholz Goddesses in Context ORBIS BIBLICUS ET ORIENTALIS
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2013 Goddesses in Context: On Divine Powers, Roles, Relationships and Gender in Mesopotamian Textual and Visual Sources Asher-Greve, Julia M ; Westenholz, Joan Goodnick Abstract: Goddesses in Context examines from different perspectives some of the most challenging themes in Mesopotamian religion such as gender switch of deities and changes of the status, roles and functions of goddesses. The authors incorporate recent scholarship from various disciplines into their analysis of textual and visual sources, representations in diverse media, theological strategies, typologies, and the place of image in religion and cult over a span of three millennia. Different types of syncretism (fusion, fission, mutation) resulted in transformation and homogenization of goddesses’ roles and functions. The processes of syncretism (a useful heuristic tool for studying the evolution of religions and the attendant political and social changes) and gender switch were facilitated by the fluidity of personality due to multiple or similar divine roles and functions. Few goddesses kept their identity throughout the millennia. Individuality is rare in the iconography of goddesses while visual emphasis is on repetition of generic divine figures (hieros typos) in order to retain recognizability of divinity, where femininity is of secondary significance. The book demonstrates that goddesses were never marginalized or extrinsic and thattheir continuous presence in texts, cult images, rituals, and worship throughout Mesopotamian history is testimony to their powerful numinous impact. This richly illustrated book is the first in-depth analysis of goddesses and the changes they underwent from the earliest visual and textual evidence around 3000 BCE to the end of ancient Mesopotamian civilization in the Seleucid period.
    [Show full text]
  • PUBLICATIONS of the BABYLONIAN SECTION Vol
    33433 081840716 XocL UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM PUBLICATIONS OF THE BABYLONIAN SECTION Vol . IV No . 1 102 HISTORICAL TEXTS BY ARNO POEBEL PHILADELPHIA PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM 1914 so FOREWORD In the spring of 1912 , Dr . Poebel was granted permission to study the historical and grammatical texts in the Baby lonian collections in the University Museum , and was employed by the Museum during the summer of 1913 and during the winter of 1913 - 14 for the purpose of continuing these studies . During these two periods , Dr . Poebel was chiefly engaged in copying historical and grammatical texts selected from a large number of tablets of all classes . It was Dr . Poebel ' s plan to publish simultaneously with his copies , complete translations of all of these texts . It was also a part of his plan to reconstruct , on the basis of the historical tablets , portions of the early his tory of Babylonia . Another task to which he set himself at the same time was the preparation of a treatise on Sumerian grammar based upon the grammatical tablets in the Museum ' s collection . Neither of these tasks had been completed at the time when Dr . Poebel ' s duties called him back to Germany in March , 1914 . It was decided , however , to publish that portion of the work which had been completed and to bring out the remainder at a later date . This volume contains that portion of the pro jected historical studies which was completed in March . Dr . Poebel had just corrected and returned the galley proofs at the time when communication with Germany waswas ( 3 ) UNIVERSITY MUSEUM - BABYLONIAN SECTION interrupted by the war .
    [Show full text]
  • Lament for Ur
    Lament for Ur The destruction of the city of Ur around 2000 BC was a catastrophic event for the people involved. A poet wrote a lament in eleven songs telling the terrible story, which takes place both on earth and in the heavens. In it, Ningal, the goddess of Ur, appears as a suppliant before the great gods, charged with the accomplishment of the decrees of Fate. The text is an example of the lament - a genre also exemplified in the Lamentations of the Bible - which flourished in Mesppotamia around 2000 BC, a time when the land witnessed several destructive invasions and wars broke out between the cities as they struggled for power. The poem tells of the decision of the great gods to allow the outrage (namely, the destruction of their temples), and describes the sack of the city. Truly I shed my tears before An. Truly I myself made supplication to Enlil. "Let not my city be destroyed," I implored them. "Let not Urim be destroyed," I implored them. "Let not its people perish," I implored them. But An did not change that word. Enlil did not soothe my heart with an "It is good -- so be it". They gave instructions that my city should be utterly destroyed. They decreed its destiny that its people should be killed. Because there was bitterness in my Land, I trudged the earth like a cow for its calf. My Land was not delivered from fear. Because there was bitter distress in my city, I beat my wings like a bird of heaven and flew to my city; and my city was destroyed in its foundations; and Urim perished where it lay.
    [Show full text]
  • Mesopotamian Gods and the Bull
    ARTÍCULO / ARTICLE Sociedades Precapitalistas, vol. 8, nº 1, e030, diciembre 2018. ISSN 2250-5121 Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Centro de Estudios de Sociedades Precapitalistas (CESP) Mesopotamian Gods and the Bull Renate Marian van Dijk-Coombes * Stellenbosch University, Sudáfrica [email protected] Cita sugerida: van Dijk-Coombes, R. M. (2018). Mesopotamian Gods and the Bull. Sociedades Precapitalistas, 8(1), e030. https://doi.org/10.24215/22505121e030 Recibido: 16 agosto 2018 - Aceptado: 13 noviembre 2018 - Publicado: 07 diciembre 2018 Esta obra está bajo licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es_AR PDF generated from XML JATS4R by Redalyc Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative Sociedades Precapitalistas, vol. 8, nº 1, e030, diciembre 2018. ISSN 2250-5121 Mesopotamian Gods and the Bull Los dioses mesopotámicos y el toro Renate Marian van Dijk-Coombes Stellenbosch University, Sudáfrica [email protected] Abstract: In Mesopotamia, gods were associated with the bull from at least the Early Dynastic Period until the Neo-Babylonian or Chaldean Period. This relationship took on many forms – the bull could serve as the god’s divine animal, the god could be likened to the bull, or he could actually take on the form of the beast. In this paper, the various gods identified with or related to the bull will be identified and studied in order to identify which specific types of god were most commonly and especially associated with the bull. The relationships between the gods and the bull are evident in textual as well as iconographic sources, although fewer instances of this connection are found in iconography.
    [Show full text]
  • Death in Sumerian Literary Texts
    Death in Sumerian Literary Texts Establishing the Existence of a Literary Tradition on How to Describe Death in the Ur III and Old Babylonian Periods Lisa van Oudheusden s1367250 Research Master Thesis Classics and Ancient Civilizations – Assyriology Leiden University, Faculty of Humanities 1 July 2019 Supervisor: Dr. J.G. Dercksen Second Reader: Dr. N.N. May Table of Content Introduction .................................................................................................................... 3 List of Abbreviations ...................................................................................................... 4 Chapter One: Introducing the Texts ............................................................................... 5 1.1 The Sources .......................................................................................................... 5 1.1.2 Main Sources ................................................................................................. 6 1.1.3 Secondary Sources ......................................................................................... 7 1.2 Problems with Date and Place .............................................................................. 8 1.3 History of Research ............................................................................................ 10 Chapter Two: The Nature of Death .............................................................................. 12 2.1 The God Dumuzi ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • [PDF]The Myths and Legends of Ancient Greece and Rome
    The Myths & Legends of Ancient Greece and Rome E. M. Berens p q xMetaLibriy Copyright c 2009 MetaLibri Text in public domain. Some rights reserved. Please note that although the text of this ebook is in the public domain, this pdf edition is a copyrighted publication. Downloading of this book for private use and official government purposes is permitted and encouraged. Commercial use is protected by international copyright. Reprinting and electronic or other means of reproduction of this ebook or any part thereof requires the authorization of the publisher. Please cite as: Berens, E.M. The Myths and Legends of Ancient Greece and Rome. (Ed. S.M.Soares). MetaLibri, October 13, 2009, v1.0p. MetaLibri http://metalibri.wikidot.com [email protected] Amsterdam October 13, 2009 Contents List of Figures .................................... viii Preface .......................................... xi Part I. — MYTHS Introduction ....................................... 2 FIRST DYNASTY — ORIGIN OF THE WORLD Uranus and G (Clus and Terra)........................ 5 SECOND DYNASTY Cronus (Saturn).................................... 8 Rhea (Ops)....................................... 11 Division of the World ................................ 12 Theories as to the Origin of Man ......................... 13 THIRD DYNASTY — OLYMPIAN DIVINITIES ZEUS (Jupiter).................................... 17 Hera (Juno)...................................... 27 Pallas-Athene (Minerva).............................. 32 Themis .......................................... 37 Hestia
    [Show full text]
  • She Will Give Birth Easily: Therapeutic Approaches to Childbirth in 1St Millennium BCE Cuneiform Sources
    She will give birth easily: therapeutic approaches to childbirth in 1st millennium BCE cuneiform sources M. Erica Couto-Ferreira (*) (*) Cluster of Excellence «Asia and Europe in a Global Context», Karl Jaspers Centre for Advanced Transcultural Studies, Universität Heidelberg [email protected] Dynamis Fecha de recepción: 4 de enero de 2013 [0211-9536] 2014; 34 (2): 289-315 Fecha de aceptación: 7 de febrero de 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S0211-95362014000200002 SUMMARY: 1.—Conceptualizing women’s healthcare in ancient Mesopotamia: an introduction; 2.—(Difficult) Childbirth in therapeutic cuneiform sources. 2.1.—Terminology. 2.2.—Difficult childbirth and therapy. 3.—The text BAM 248; 3.1. Rituals in BAM 248. 3.2.—Other therapeutic approaches in BAM 248. 3.2.1.—The potions in BAM 248. 3.2.2. Ointments and salves. 3.2.3.— Dietetic prescriptions. 3.2.4. A peculiar band. 4.—Childbirth, therapy, and agency: some conclu- sions. 5.—Appendix 1: Diseases affecting women according to herbals BAM 381 and BAM 380. 6.—Appendix 2: An overview on the tropes of birth. 7.—Appendix 3: Therapies in BAM 248. ABSTRACT: This article offers, in the first place, an overview on women’s healthcare in relation to childbirth in ancient Mesopotamia, as an introduction that helps to evaluate the meaning of the 7th century Assur text BAM 248 within therapeutic cuneiform texts on childbirth. We proceed to analyse the variety of therapeutic approaches to childbirth present in BAM 248, which brings together various healing devices to help a woman give birth quickly and safely.
    [Show full text]
  • Babylonian Poems of Pious Sufferers
    Orientalische Religionen in der Antike Ägypten, Israel, Alter Orient Oriental Religions in Antiquity Egypt, Israel, Ancient Near East (ORA) Herausgegeben von / Edited by Angelika Berlejung (Leipzig) Joachim Friedrich Quack (Heidelberg) Annette Zgoll (Göttingen) 14 Takayoshi Oshima Babylonian Poems of Pious Sufferers Ludlul Be¯l Ne¯meqi and the Babylonian Theodicy Mohr Siebeck Takayoshi Oshima, born 1967; PhD in Assyriology from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; 2008-10 Alexander-von-Humboldt fellow at the University of Leipzig in Germany; 2010-13 research associate fellow at the Friedrich-Schiller University in Jena (project of the German Research Foun- dation (DFG)); currently he teaches at the Friedrich-Schiller University. ISBN 978-3-16-153389-1 / eISBN 978-3-16-160603-8 unveränderte eBook-Ausgabe 2021 ISSN 1869-0513 (Orientalische Religionen in der Antike) Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2014 by Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, Germany. www.mohr.de This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher’s written permission. This applies particularly to reproductions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was printed by Gulde-Druck in Tübingen on non-aging paper and bound by Buchbinderei Spinner in Ottersweier. Printed in Germany. To Sabina הודו לאל השמים כי לעולם חסדו (Ps. 136: 26) Foreword This is a study of the two ancient Babylonian poems known as Ludlul Bēl Nēmeqi (‘Let Me Praise the Lord of Wisdom’) and the Babylonian Theodicy.
    [Show full text]