The Evolution of Fragility: Setting the Terms
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The Akkadian Empire
RESTRICTED https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldcivilization/chapter/the-akkadian-empire/ The Akkadian Empire LEARNING OBJECTIVE • Describe the key political characteristics of the Akkadian Empire KEY POINTS • The Akkadian Empire was an ancient Semitic empire centered in the city of Akkad and its surrounding region in ancient Mesopotamia, which united all the indigenous Akkadian speaking Semites and the Sumerian speakers under one rule within a multilingual empire. • King Sargon, the founder of the empire, conquered several regions in Mesopotamia and consolidated his power by instating Akaddian officials in new territories. He extended trade across Mesopotamia and strengthened the economy through rain-fed agriculture in northern Mesopotamia. • The Akkadian Empire experienced a period of successful conquest under Naram-Sin due to benign climatic conditions, huge agricultural surpluses, and the confiscation of wealth. • The empire collapsed after the invasion of the Gutians. Changing climatic conditions also contributed to internal rivalries and fragmentation, and the empire eventually split into the Assyrian Empire in the north and the Babylonian empire in the south. TERMS Gutians A group of barbarians from the Zagros Mountains who invaded the Akkadian Empire and contributed to its collapse. Sargon The first king of the Akkadians. He conquered many of the surrounding regions to establish the massive multilingual empire. Akkadian Empire An ancient Semitic empire centered in the city of Akkad and its surrounding region in ancient Mesopotamia. Cuneiform One of the earliest known systems of writing, distinguished by its wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets, and made by means of a blunt reed for a stylus. Semites RESTRICTED Today, the word “Semite” may be used to refer to any member of any of a number of peoples of ancient Southwest Asian descent, including the Akkadians, Phoenicians, Hebrews (Jews), Arabs, and their descendants. -
Antikenrezeption Im Hochbarock
Antikenrezeption im Hochbarock Herausgegeben van Herbert Beck und Sabine Schulze GEBR. MANN VERLAG· BERLIN lRVTNG LAVIN Bernini and Antiquity - The Baroque Paradox A Poetical View* My chief purpose in this paper is to bring together and consider under one heading two papers by earlier scholars on apparently quite different subjects that are fundamcntnl to some of our current views on the relationship of Baroque art to antiquity. In a brief note entitled ··Rhetoric and Baroque Art". published in 1955 . Giulio Carlo Argan for the first time offered what has since become perhaps the prevalent interpretation of Ba roque art. base d on the classical tradition of rhetoric'. The primary source book on the subject. Arist0tle's treatise on rhetoric. became available in Italian translation in 1570. The wide influence of Argan ·s essay was very salubrious. suggesting as it did that Baroque style. often regarded as a decadent superabundance of ornament and conceit. could better be under stood positively as a deliberate and sophisticated technique of persuasion. T he second paper. published by RudolfWiukower in 1963, compared the use ofanciem models by Poussin. the arch classicist of France. and Bernini, the outstanding representative of Italian Baroque 2 exuberance . With great perspicuity Wittkower showed from preparatory studies how classical sources functioned in diametrically opposite ways in the development of their works. Poussin would typicall y start with a dynamic. ··Baroque" design. into which ancient models would then intervene to produce a restrained. classicizing final version: Bernini. on the other hand. would often start with a classical prototype. which he would then transform into a free and volatile ·'Baroque'· solution. -
Republic of Iraq
Republic of Iraq Babylon Nomination Dossier for Inscription of the Property on the World Heritage List January 2018 stnel oC fobalbaT Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................... 1 State Party .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 Province ............................................................................................................................................................. 1 Name of property ............................................................................................................................................... 1 Geographical coordinates to the nearest second ................................................................................................. 1 Center ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 N 32° 32’ 31.09”, E 44° 25’ 15.00” ..................................................................................................................... 1 Textural description of the boundary .................................................................................................................. 1 Criteria under which the property is nominated .................................................................................................. 4 Draft statement -
The Sumerian King List the Sumerian King List (SKL) Dates from Around 2100 BCE—Near the Time When Abram Was in Ur
BcResources Genesis The Sumerian King List The Sumerian King List (SKL) dates from around 2100 BCE—near the time when Abram was in Ur. Most ANE scholars (following Jacobsen) attribute the original form of the SKL to Utu-hejel, king of Uruk, and his desire to legiti- mize his reign after his defeat of the Gutians. Later versions included a reference or Long Chronology), 1646 (Middle to the Great Flood and prefaced the Chronology), or 1582 (Low or Short list of postdiluvian kings with a rela- Chronology). The following chart uses tively short list of what appear to be the Middle Chronology. extremely long-reigning antediluvian Text. The SKL text for the following kings. One explanation: transcription chart was originally in a narrative form or translation errors resulting from and consisted of a composite of several confusion of the Sumerian base-60 versions (see Black, J.A., Cunningham, and the Akkadian base-10 systems G., Fluckiger-Hawker, E, Robson, E., of numbering. Dividing each ante- and Zólyomi, G., The Electronic Text diluvian figure by 60 returns reigns Corpus of Sumerian Literature (http:// in harmony with Biblical norms (the www-etcsl.orient.ox.ac.uk/), Oxford bracketed figures in the antediluvian 1998-). The text was modified by the portion of the chart). elimination of manuscript references Final versions of the SKL extended and by the addition of alternative the list to include kings up to the reign name spellings, clarifying notes, and of Damiq-ilicu, king of Isin (c. 1816- historical dates (typically in paren- 1794 BCE). thesis or brackets). The narrative was Dates. -
SUMERIAN LITERATURE and SUMERIAN IDENTITY My Title Puts
CNI Publicati ons 43 SUMERIAN LITERATURE AND SUMERIAN IDENTITY JERROLD S. COOPER PROBLEMS OF C..\NONlCl'TY AND IDENTITY FORMATION IN A NCIENT EGYPT AND MESOPOTAMIA There is evidence of a regional identity in early Babylonia, but it does not seem to be of the Sumerian ethno-lingusitic sort. Sumerian Edited by identity as such appears only as an artifact of the scribal literary KIM RYHOLT curriculum once the Sumerian language had to be acquired through GOJKO B AR .I AMOVIC educati on rather than as a mother tongue. By the late second millennium, it appears there was no notion that a separate Sumerian ethno-lingui stic population had ever existed. My title puts Sumerian literature before Sumerian identity, and in so doing anticipates my conclusion, which will be that there was little or no Sumerian identity as such - in the sense of "We are all Sumerians!" outside of Sumerian literature and the scribal milieu that composed and transmitted it. By "Sumerian literature," I mean the corpus of compositions in Sumerian known from manuscripts that date primarily 1 to the first half of the 18 h century BC. With a few notable exceptions, the compositions themselves originated in the preceding three centuries, that is, in what Assyriologists call the Ur III and Isin-Larsa (or Early Old Babylonian) periods. I purposely eschew the too fraught and contested term "canon," preferring the very neutral "corpus" instead, while recognizing that because nearly all of our manuscripts were produced by students, the term "curriculum" is apt as well. 1 The geographic designation "Babylonia" is used here for the region to the south of present day Baghdad, the territory the ancients would have called "Sumer and Akkad." I will argue that there is indeed evidence for a 3rd millennium pan-Babylonian regional identity, but little or no evidence that it was bound to a Sumerian mother-tongue community. -
Gilgamesh Sung in Ancient Sumerian Gilgamesh and the Ancient Near East
Gilgamesh sung in ancient Sumerian Gilgamesh and the Ancient Near East Dr. Le4cia R. Rodriguez 20.09.2017 ì The Ancient Near East Cuneiform cuneus = wedge Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi, Ankara Babylonian deed of sale. ca. 1750 BCE. Tablet of Sargon of Akkad, Assyrian Tablet with love poem, Sumerian, 2037-2029 BCE 19th-18th centuries BCE *Gilgamesh was an historic figure, King of Uruk, in Sumeria, ca. 2800/2700 BCE (?), and great builder of temples and ci4es. *Stories about Gilgamesh, oral poems, were eventually wriXen down. *The Babylonian epic of Gilgamesh compiled from 73 tablets in various languages. *Tablets discovered in the mid-19th century and con4nue to be translated. Hero overpowering a lion, relief from the citadel of Sargon II, Dur Sharrukin (modern Khorsabad), Iraq, ca. 721–705 BCE The Flood Tablet, 11th tablet of the Epic of Gilgamesh, Library of Ashurbanipal Neo-Assyrian, 7th century BCE, The Bri4sh Museum American Dad Gilgamesh and Enkidu flank the fleeing Humbaba, cylinder seal Neo-Assyrian ca. 8th century BCE, 2.8cm x 1.3cm, The Bri4sh Museum DOUBLING/TWINS BROMANCE *Role of divinity in everyday life. *Relaonship between divine and ruler. *Ruler’s asser4on of dominance and quest for ‘immortality’. StatuePes of two worshipers from Abu Temple at Eshnunna (modern Tell Asmar), Iraq, ca. 2700 BCE. Gypsum inlaid with shell and black limestone, male figure 2’ 6” high. Iraq Museum, Baghdad. URUK (WARKA) Remains of the White Temple on its ziggurat. Uruk (Warka), Iraq, ca. 3500–3000 BCE. Plan and ReconstrucVon drawing of the White Temple and ziggurat, Uruk (Warka), Iraq, ca. -
Hammurabi's Code
Hammurabi’s Code: Was It Just? Nearly 4,000 years ago, a man named Euphrates rivers. Hammurabi became king of a small city-state called Babylon. Today Babylon exists only as an After his victories at Larsa and Mari, archaeological site in central Iraq. But in Hammurabi's thoughts of war gave way to Hammurabi's time, it was the capital of the thoughts of peace. These, in turn, gave way to kingdom of Babylonia. thoughts of justice. In the 38th year of his rule, Hammurabi had 282 laws carved on a large, pillar- We know little about Hammurabi's like stone called a stele. Together, these laws have personal life. We don't know his birth date, how been called Hammurabi's Code. Historians believe many wives and children he had, or how and that several of these inscribed steles were placed when he died. We aren't even sure around the kingdom, though only what he looked like. However, one has been found intact. thanks to thousands of clay writing tablets that have been found by Hammurabi was not the first archaeologists, we know something Mesopotamian ruler to put his laws about Hammurabi's military into writing, but his code is the campaigns and his dealings with most complete. By studying his surrounding city-states. We also laws, historians have been able to know quite about every day life in get a good picture of many aspects Babylonia. of Babylonian society - work and family life, social structures, trade The tablets tell us that and government. For example, we Hammurabi ruled for 42 years. -
Republic of Iraq Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Antiquities. State Board of Antiquities and Héritage Cv Name:: AYAD KADHUM DAWOOD AL-SAADI
Republic of Iraq Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Antiquities. State Board of Antiquities and Héritage cv Name:: AYAD KADHUM DAWOOD AL-SAADI Birth:1973 Address: Baghdad Marital status Married Education: Ph.D. - 2012 Specialization: Ancient Civilizations University: Baghdad - Faculty of Letters - Department of History Date of Birth: 1973 Académie Degree: Senior Researcher Current position - Général Director of thé Department of Héritage State Board ofAntiquities and Héritage Previous position: - Director of thé Department of International Organizatjons Activities carried out in thé Directorate of Hérita e - SBAH for thé eriod 1999-2004 l - Member of thé héritage maintenance team of thé Régional Center on Mutanabi Street in 2000 2. Memberofthe national Archaeologicâl surveyteam of thé Batawin area in 2001 3- Représentative ofSBAH in thé Iraqi-ltalian Institute for Archaeological Survey and prépare a héritage study for thé AI-Batawin area for 2000-2001 4- représentative ofSBAH with thé purpose of supervising thé maintenance of thé assets ofAl-Orouba Café in 1999 5 - Participation in thé Archaeological survey / Cremat Area in 2000 6-Study and monitor thé situation of héritage buildings in thé castle ofTal Afar 7. Complète thé questionnaire for héritage buildings in thé city of Baghdad according to a spécial program 8 - Review and evaluate in a scientific way thé Encyclopedia of Héritage of Diyala prepared by thé Department ofCultural Relations in Ministry of Culture 2018 9 - Monitoring and élimination of violations of héritage buildings during thé period of my work in thé Department of Héritage / 1999-2004 OtherChar es: l. Head of thé inscription of thé southern marshes cultural team on thé World Héritage List in 2016 2- Thé représentative of Iraq in ISESCO (Islamic Organization for Education, Culture and Science) Morocco 3. -
The Limits of Middle Babylonian Archives1
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OpenstarTs The Limits of Middle Babylonian Archives1 susanne paulus Middle Babylonian Archives Archives and archival records are one of the most important sources for the un- derstanding of the Babylonian culture.2 The definition of “archive” used for this article is the one proposed by Pedersén: «The term “archive” here, as in some other studies, refers to a collection of texts, each text documenting a message or a statement, for example, letters, legal, economic, and administrative documents. In an archive there is usually just one copy of each text, although occasionally a few copies may exist.»3 The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the archives of the Middle Babylonian Period (ca. 1500-1000 BC),4 which are often 1 All kudurrus are quoted according to Paulus 2012a. For a quick reference on the texts see the list of kudurrus in table 1. 2 For an introduction into Babylonian archives see Veenhof 1986b; for an overview of differ- ent archives of different periods see Veenhof 1986a and Brosius 2003a. 3 Pedersén 1998; problems connected to this definition are shown by Brosius 2003b, 4-13. 4 This includes the time of the Kassite dynasty (ca. 1499-1150) and the following Isin-II-pe- riod (ca. 1157-1026). All following dates are BC, the chronology follows – willingly ignoring all linked problems – Gasche et. al. 1998. the limits of middle babylonian archives 87 left out in general studies,5 highlighting changes in respect to the preceding Old Babylonian period and problems linked with the material. -
Fighting for the King and the Gods
FIGHTING FOR THE KING AND THE GODS Press SBL RESOURCES FOR BIBLICAL STUDY Editor Marvin A. Sweeney, Old Testament/Hebrew Bible Number 88 Press SBL FIGHTING FOR THE KING AND THE GODS A Survey of Warfare in the Ancient Near East Charlie Trimm Press SBL Atlanta Copyright © 2017 by Charlie Trimm All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permit- ted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the Rights and Permissions Office, SBL Press, 825 Hous- ton Mill Road, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Trimm, Charlie, 1977– author. Title: Fighting for the king and the gods : a survey of warfare in the ancient Near East / by Charlie Trimm. Description: Atlanta : SBL Press, 2017. | Series: Resources for biblical study ; number 88 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers:LCCN 2017021412 (print) | LCCN 2017026895 (ebook) | ISBN 9780884142379 (ebook) | ISBN 9781628371840 (pbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780884142386 (hardcover : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Military art and science—History—To 500. | Military art and science— Middle East—History. | Iraq—History—To 634. Classification: LCC U31 (ebook) | LCC U31 .T75 2017 (print) | DDC 355.0209394—dc23 LC record available at hhps://lccn.loc.gov/2017021412 Press Printed on acid-free paper. SBL In memory of my father Press SBL Press SBL Contents Abbreviations and Sigla ...................................................................................ix List of Figures ................................................................................................xxiv 1. -
Short Report on the UNESCO Assessment Mission to Iraq (17Th To
REPORT ON THE UNESCO ASSESSMENT MISSION TO IRAQ (17TH TO 29TH NOVEMBER 2002) FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF THE MAKHOOL DAM PROJECT ON THE SITE OF ASHUR AND THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES IN THE RESERVOIR AREA January 2003 Dr Arnulf HAUSLEITER Berlin The Carsten Niebuhr Institute of Near Eastern Studies University of Copenhagen Table of content 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 3 1.1 General situation ....................................................................................................... 3 1.2 The UNESCO assessment mission ........................................................................... 4 1.3 Objectives of the archaeological part of the mission .............................................. 5 1.4 Working conditions ................................................................................................... 5 2 Methods and results of the mission ............................................................................. 6 2.1 State of information and methodology of the visits ................................................ 6 The reservoir area ........................................................................................................ 6 The site of Ashur ......................................................................................................... 8 2.2 Assessment of the archaeological areas affected by the reservoir ........................ 8 History of exploration ................................................................................................ -
Beyond Belief 06 Archeology
Beyond Belief 06 God Revealed in History 01 – Archeology Archeology and the Scriptures Pre-flood period: A. Sumerian King List: B. Non-Biblical flood accounts Tower of Babel A. Enmerkar Epic B. This epic takes place in “Eridu” C. E-Abzu D. Unfinished foundation E. Language issues Patriarchs A. The Lament for Ur B. Desecration of Names C. Code of Hammurabi (Gen 37:28) D. Use of Camels E. The Gold of Valor (Gen 41:42) Captivity and Exodus A. Tomb of Rekmire (Slavery of Thutmose III) B. “Louvre Leather Roll” C. Ipuwer text D. Elephantine Stele (Life of Amenhotep II) E. The Dream Stele (Thutmose IV gains power, Exo 12:29). The Period of the Conquest A. The Balaam Inscription (Numbers 22) B. Jericho (Joshua 6) C. Hapiru (Canaan complaints about Hebrews) The Time of the Judges A. Egypt mentions Israel as the dominant people of the land B. The Mysterious Piym The Period of the Kings (United Kingdom, Early Israel) A. The things skeptics say - King David is like King Arthur B. Tel Dan Stele - “byt dwd” (House of David) Divided Kingdom A. Seal of Jeroboam B. We have archeological biblical name usage C. Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (Jehu offering tribute) D. Hezekiah’s religious purge (Ex 20:24-25, Deut 12, 2 Chron 31:1) E. Isaiah Seal The Babylonian Conquest A. Bulla of Baruch (Jer 36:32) The New Testament Era A. Evidence Regarding Jesus - Flavious Josephus B. Evidence Supporting Luke and Acts C. Evidence of the Early Church – Pliny the Younger, Tacitus Questions for Discussion: Q1.