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Hassuna Samarra Halaf
arch 1600. archaeologies of the near east joukowsky institute for archaeology and the ancient world spring 2008 Emerging social complexities in Mesopotamia: the Chalcolithic in the Near East. February 20, 2008 Neolithic in the Near East: early sites of socialization “neolithic revolution”: domestication of wheat, barley, sheep, goat: early settled communities (ca 10,000 to 6000 BC) Mudding the world: Clay, mud and the technologies of everyday life in the prehistoric Near East • Pottery: associated with settled life: storage, serving, prestige pots, decorated and undecorated. • Figurines: objects of everyday, magical and cultic use. Ubiquitous for prehistoric societies especially. In clay and in stone. • Mud-brick as architectural material: Leads to more structured architectural constructions, perhaps more rectilinear spaces. • Tokens, hallow clay balls, tablets and early writing technologies: related to development o trade, tools of urban administration, increasing social complexity. • Architectural models: whose function is not quite obvious to us. Maybe apotropaic, maybe for sale purposes? “All objects of pottery… figments of potter’s will, fictions of his memory and imagination.” J. L. Myres 1923, quoted in Wengrow 1998: 783. What is culture in “culture history” (1920s-1960s) ? Archaeological culture = a bounded and binding ethnic/cultural unit within a defined geography and temporal/spatial “horizons”, uniformly and unambigously represented in the material culture, manifested by artifactual assemblage. pots=people? • “Do cultures actually -
Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (Ca
Conversion and Empire: Byzantine Missionaries, Foreign Rulers, and Christian Narratives (ca. 300-900) by Alexander Borislavov Angelov A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in The University of Michigan 2011 Doctoral Committee: Professor John V.A. Fine, Jr., Chair Professor Emeritus H. Don Cameron Professor Paul Christopher Johnson Professor Raymond H. Van Dam Associate Professor Diane Owen Hughes © Alexander Borislavov Angelov 2011 To my mother Irina with all my love and gratitude ii Acknowledgements To put in words deepest feelings of gratitude to so many people and for so many things is to reflect on various encounters and influences. In a sense, it is to sketch out a singular narrative but of many personal “conversions.” So now, being here, I am looking back, and it all seems so clear and obvious. But, it is the historian in me that realizes best the numerous situations, emotions, and dilemmas that brought me where I am. I feel so profoundly thankful for a journey that even I, obsessed with planning, could not have fully anticipated. In a final analysis, as my dissertation grew so did I, but neither could have become better without the presence of the people or the institutions that I feel so fortunate to be able to acknowledge here. At the University of Michigan, I first thank my mentor John Fine for his tremendous academic support over the years, for his friendship always present when most needed, and for best illustrating to me how true knowledge does in fact produce better humanity. -
The Evolution of Fragility: Setting the Terms
McDONALD INSTITUTE CONVERSATIONS The Evolution of Fragility: Setting the Terms Edited by Norman Yoffee The Evolution of Fragility: Setting the Terms McDONALD INSTITUTE CONVERSATIONS The Evolution of Fragility: Setting the Terms Edited by Norman Yoffee with contributions from Tom D. Dillehay, Li Min, Patricia A. McAnany, Ellen Morris, Timothy R. Pauketat, Cameron A. Petrie, Peter Robertshaw, Andrea Seri, Miriam T. Stark, Steven A. Wernke & Norman Yoffee Published by: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge, UK CB2 3ER (0)(1223) 339327 [email protected] www.mcdonald.cam.ac.uk McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2019 © 2019 McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. The Evolution of Fragility: Setting the Terms is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 (International) Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ISBN: 978-1-902937-88-5 Cover design by Dora Kemp and Ben Plumridge. Typesetting and layout by Ben Plumridge. Cover image: Ta Prohm temple, Angkor. Photo: Dr Charlotte Minh Ha Pham. Used by permission. Edited for the Institute by James Barrett (Series Editor). Contents Contributors vii Figures viii Tables ix Acknowledgements x Chapter 1 Introducing the Conference: There Are No Innocent Terms 1 Norman Yoffee Mapping the chapters 3 The challenges of fragility 6 Chapter 2 Fragility of Vulnerable Social Institutions in Andean States 9 Tom D. Dillehay & Steven A. Wernke Vulnerability and the fragile state -
AN ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIAN CASE STUDY a Primary
54 RETHINKINGCERAMIC DEGENERATION: AN ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIAN CASE STUDY Steven E. A primary researchconcern of archaeologists is the explanation of social change. Since archaeologists must deal with changeas itis mani- fested in the variability of material culture, itis not surprising that special attention has been givento studies of pottery, one of the most abundant forms of archaeological evidence,and onemost sensitive to tem- poral change. Unfortunately, interpretations of changingpottery reper- toires have usually failed to consider thesocioeconomic factors which also may be responsible for ceramic variation. This has been notably true when trends of change are judged to be Hdegenerative.htA study of ceramic change in the 'IJbaid and Uruk periods ofMesopotamia illustrates how can be correlated with the development of complex societies in the region. An Introduction to the Problem of Degeneration A heterodox approach to the explanation ofspecific Mesopotamian instances of supposed ceramic degenerationis-proposed in this paper for three fundamental reasons. First, traditional approaches all too often do not explain this form of change. At best they describe it and at worst, merely label it. Second, traditional approaches failto view changing material culture in light ofgreater economic frameworks which restrict behavior in all complex societies, includingour own. Third, traditional notions of degenerationare rarely explicitly defined, and tend to focus on examples of declining elegancein painted decoration to the exclusion of other aspects of ceramic change (cf.,Perkins 191+9:75). hDegeneration,hlas presently ill—defined, simply is not productive for the study of social change (cf., Lloyd 1978:45). Further,existing archaeological accounts of degenerationcommonly make the error of dealing with the resultsof change while overlooking the underlying basis of change: altered patterns of human behavior. -
BASRA : ITS HISTORY, CULTURE and HERITAGE Basra Its History, Culture and Heritage
BASRA : ITS HISTORY, CULTURE AND HERITAGE CULTURE : ITS HISTORY, BASRA ITS HISTORY, CULTURE AND HERITAGE PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE CELEBRATING THE OPENING OF THE BASRAH MUSEUM, SEPTEMBER 28–29, 2016 Edited by Paul Collins Edited by Paul Collins BASRA ITS HISTORY, CULTURE AND HERITAGE PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE CELEBRATING THE OPENING OF THE BASRAH MUSEUM, SEPTEMBER 28–29, 2016 Edited by Paul Collins © BRITISH INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF IRAQ 2019 ISBN 978-0-903472-36-4 Typeset and printed in the United Kingdom by Henry Ling Limited, at the Dorset Press, Dorchester, DT1 1HD CONTENTS Figures...................................................................................................................................v Contributors ........................................................................................................................vii Introduction ELEANOR ROBSON .......................................................................................................1 The Mesopotamian Marshlands (Al-Ahwār) in the Past and Today FRANCO D’AGOSTINO AND LICIA ROMANO ...................................................................7 From Basra to Cambridge and Back NAWRAST SABAH AND KELCY DAVENPORT ..................................................................13 A Reserve of Freedom: Remarks on the Time Visualisation for the Historical Maps ALEXEI JANKOWSKI ...................................................................................................19 The Pallakottas Canal, the Sealand, and Alexander STEPHANIE -
The Ancient Near East
A History of Knowledge Oldest Knowledge What the Jews knew What the Sumerians knew What the Christians knew What the Babylonians knew Tang & Sung China What the Hittites knew What the Japanese knew What the Persians knew What the Muslims knew What the Egyptians knew The Middle Ages What the Indians knew Ming & Manchu China What the Chinese knew The Renaissance What the Greeks knew The Industrial Age What the Phoenicians knew The Victorian Age What the Romans knew The Modern World What the Barbarians knew 1 What the NearEast knew Piero Scaruffi 2004 2 What the Near-East knew • Bibliography – Henry Hodges: Technology in the Ancient World (1970) – Arthur Cotterell: Penguin Encyclopedia of Ancient Civilizations (1980) – Michael Roaf: Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East (1990) – Hans Nissen: The Early History of the Ancient Near East (1988) – Annie Caubet: The Ancient Near East (1997) – Alberto Siliotti: The Dwellings of Eternity (2000) – Trevor Bryce: The kingdom of the Hittites (1998) – Bernard Lewis: Race and Slavery in the Middle East3 (1992) Ancient Civilizations • River valleys 4 Ancient Civilizations • River valleys – Water means: • drinks, • fishing/agriculture/livestock (food), • transportation • energy 5 The Ancient Near East 6 http://victorian.fortunecity.com/kensington/207/mideast.html Ancient Near East • The evolution of knowledge – End of the ice age – Climatic changes – Hunters follow game that moves to new areas (e.g., northern Europe) – Others turn to farming and hunting new game (cattle, sheep) – Technology (“what farmers -
The Appearance of Bricks in Ancient Mesopotamia
Athens Journal of History - Volume 6, Issue 1, January 2020 – Pages 73-96 The Appearance of Bricks in Ancient Mesopotamia By Kadim Hasson Hnaihen Mesopotamia is a region in the Middle East, situated in a basin between two big rivers- the Tigris and the Euphrates. About 5,500 years ago, much earlier than in Egypt, ancient civilization began, one of the oldest in the world. Continuous development was an important factor of everyday life. A warm climate, fertile soil, mixed with the sediment of flowing rivers and perhaps even the first oak all. A deficit of stone for building shelter was an impediment that the Sumerians faced, but from this shortage they found the perfect solution for their construction-brick. Shelter, homes and other buildings were built from material available in the area, such as clay, cane, soil, mule. Sumerians mastered the art of civic construction perfectly. They raised great buildings, made of bricks (Ziggurats, temples, and palaces) richly decorated with sculptures and mosaics. In this article I will focus on the most interesting time period in my opinion- when brick appeared, I will comment upon the process of production and the types of the brick used in Mesopotamia. It should be noted that the form we know today has been shaped by the cultural and social influences of many peoples who have successively settled these lands, continuing to a large extent the cultural heritage of the former. Introduction The ancient population of Iraq (from the Stone Age, 150,000 BC to 8,000 BC) inhabiting Mesopotamia is one of the oldest civilizations to be discovered. -
To Appear In: C. Johnston
To appear in: C. Johnston (ed.), The Concept of the Book: the Production, Progression and Dissemination of Information, London: Institute of English Studies/School of Advanced Study Information Flows in Rural Babylonia c. 1500 BC Eleanor Robson Cuneiform clay tablets are uniquely durable ancient writing media.1 Unlike organic materials such as papyrus, leather or wood, they remain as they were written unless deliberately destroyed or recycled. Since the 1840s they have been discovered in their hundreds of thousands at archaeological sites across the Middle East, first by Victorian explorers looking for ancient treasure and, more recently, through systematic, recorded excavation.2 The Middle Eastern conflicts of the past three decades have severely constrained archaeological fieldwork, especially in Iraq, so that ancient historians of the region now mostly work with museum collections rather than artefacts straight from the ground. However, in 2013 the Ur Regional Archaeology Project, a collaboration between the University of Manchester, the British Institute for the Study of Iraq and the Iraq State Board of Antiquities and Heritage, began excavation of a small site called Tell Khaiber in the Dhi Qar province of southern Iraq.3 The project directors chose it in part because the area is safe and secure and the local archaeological service welcoming and in part because it was already clear from aerial imagery that there was a large building close to the surface on the top of the mound. Within the first two weeks of work the excavation team discovered cuneiform tablets in this building. In three subsequent excavation seasons, each lasting 8–12 weeks early in each year, over 150 further tablets were 1 For more on the materiality of cuneiform tablets and the cultures of literacy surrounding them, see Radner and Robson (2011); Finkel and Taylor (2015); Robson (forthcoming). -
Eridu, Dunnu, and Babel: a Study in Comparative Mythology
ERIDU, DUNNU, AND BABEL: A STUDY IN COMPARATIVE MYTHOLOGY by PATRICK D. MILLER, JR. Princeton Theological Seminary, Princeton, NJ 08542 This essay focuses on some themes in two quite different myths from ancient Mesopotamia, one known commonly as the Sumerian Deluge or Flood story, discovered at Nippur and published around the turn of the century by Poebel (I 9 I 4a and b ), the other published much more recently by Lambert and Walcot (1966) and dubbed by Jacobsen (1984) "The Harab Myth." The former myth was the subject of some attention at the time of its publication and extensive analysis by Poebel, par ticularly in King's Schweich Lectures (1918). As Jacobsen notes, it has not been the subject of much further work except for Kramer's transla tion (Pritchard, 1955, pp. 42-44) and Civil's translation and notes in Lambert and Millard (1969, pp. 138-147). More recently, Kramer has given a new translation of the text together with notes (Kramer, 1983). Both texts have now been the subject of major new treatments in the last three or four years by Jacobsen (1978 and 1984), and that is in a large sense the impetus for my turning to them. Indeed, I first became interested in the two texts when Jacobsen delivered a paper on them entitled "Two Mesopotamian Myths of Beginnings" at a symposium on mythology given at Sweetbriar College several years ago. His rationale for dealing with the two of them at that time was that each "in its own way stands apart and it seems to me, raises interesting questions of a more general nature-about composition, interpretation, and what hap pens when a myth is borrowed from one people to another" ( 1978, p. -
Between Feasts and Daily Meals. Towards an Archaeology Of
Between Feasts and Daily Meals Susan Pollock (ed.) BERLIN STUDIES OF THE ANCIENT WORLD – together in a common physical and social setting – is a central element in people’s everyday lives. This makes com- mensality a particularly important theme within which to explore social relations, social reproduction and the working of politics whether in the present or the past. Archaeological attention has been focused primarily on feasting and other special commensal occasions to the neglect of daily commensality. This volume seeks to redress this imbalance by emphasizing the dynamic relation between feasts and quotidian meals and devoting explicit attention to the micro- politics of Alltag (“the everyday”) rather than solely to special occasions. Case studies drawing on archaeological ( material) as well as written sources range from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age in Western Asia and Greece, Formative to late pre-Columbian com munities in Andean South America, and modern Europe. berlin studies of 30 the ancient world berlin studies of the ancient world · 30 edited by topoi excellence cluster Between Feasts and Daily Meals towards an archaeology of commensal spaces edited by Susan Pollock Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. © 2015 Edition Topoi / Exzellenzcluster Topoi der Freien Universität Berlin und der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Cover image: Wall plaque with feasting scene, found in Nippur. Baghdad, Iraq Museum. Winfried Orthmann, Propyläen Kunstgeschichte Vol. 14: Der alte Orient. Berlin: Propyläen, 1975, Pl. 79b. Typographic concept and cover design: Stephan Fiedler Printed and distributed by PRO BUSINESS digital printing Deutschland GmbH, Berlin ISBN 978-3-9816751-0-8 URN urn:nbn:de:kobv:188-fudocsdocument0000000222142-2 First published 2015 Published under Creative Commons Licence CC BY-NC 3.0 DE. -
Proof Delivery Form IRAQ
Proof Delivery Form IRAQ Date of delivery: 25.9.2020 Journal and vol/article ref: irq IRQ2000008 Number of pages (not including this page): 20 This proof is sent to you on behalf of Cambridge University Press. Please check the proofs carefully. Make any corrections necessary on a hardcopy and answer queries on each page of the proofs Please return the marked proof within 2 days of receipt to: [email protected] Authors are strongly advised to read these proofs thoroughly because any errors missed may appear in the final published paper. This will be your ONLY chance to correct your proof. Once published, either online or in print, no further changes can be made. To avoid delay from overseas, please send the proof by airmail or courier. If you have no corrections to make, please email [email protected] to save having to return your paper proof. If corrections are light, you can also send them by email, quoting both page and line number. • The proof is sent to you for correction of typographical errors only. Revision of the substance of the text is not permitted, unless discussed with the editor of the journal. Only one set of corrections are permitted. • Please answer carefully any author queries. • Corrections which do NOT follow journal style will not be accepted. • A new copy of a figure must be provided if correction of anything other than a typographical error introduced by the typesetter is required. Copyright: if you have not already done so, please download a copyright form from: http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayMoreInfo?jid=IRQ&type=tcr Please sign the form by hand and return by mail to the address shown on the form. -
INSTITUTE of ARCHAEOLOGY ARCL0200 Middle Bronze
UCL - INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY ARCL0200 Middle Bronze Age to the Iron Age in the Near East: City-States and Empires 2019/2020 (15 credits) Wednesdays 11.30-1.30 pm, Room 209 Institute of Archaeology Moodle Password: IoA1920 Coordinator: Dr Mark Altaweel Additional teachers: Dr Katherine (Karen) Wright [email protected] Room 103. Tel: 020 7679 74607 (Internal: 24607) Essay 1 due date: Turnitin deadline: 27 November 2019 (midnight) Hardcopy deadline: 27 November 2019 , 5 pm Assignment returned: 10 December 2019 Essay 2 due date: Turnitin deadline: 15 January 2020 (midnight) Hardcopy deadline: 15 January 2020, 5 pm Assignment returned: 29 January 2020 1 Image from a necklace found in one of the royal tombs at Nimrud. COURSE INFORMATION This handbook contains introductory information about this course. Additional handouts may be provided. If you have queries, please consult the Course Co-ordinator. See also the MA/MSc handbook and the IoA website (for general information about IoA courses, e.g., coursework submission, grading, communication, attendance, feedback). If any changes need to be made to the course arrangements, these will normally be communicated by email. It is therefore essential that you consult your UCL e-mail account regularly. SUMMARY OF COURSE CONTENT This course trains students in identification and interpretation of primary archaeological evidence from the ancient Near East (=Mesopotamia, the Levant, Anatolia/Turkey, Iran, the Arabian Gulf, and Arabia). Periods covered are the Middle Bronze Age to the end of the Iron Age (ca. 2000-539 BC). The primary data consist of (1) published site and survey reports; (2) archaeological artefacts from collections held by the Institute of Archaeology and the British Museum; (3) selected unpublished data from Institute research projects.