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Is Human Predation on Other Species an Accommodation of the Fall of Creation Or Part of God’S Intended Plan for Creation?
IS HUMAN PREDATION ON OTHER SPECIES AN ACCOMMODATION OF THE FALL OF CREATION OR PART OF GOD’S INTENDED PLAN FOR CREATION? By Joseph Armando Sandoval Date:___8/4/2021_____________ Approved: Dr. Luke Bretherton, 1st Reader Dr. William Willimon, 2nd Reader Dr. William Willimon, D.Min. Director Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Ministry in the Divinity School of Duke University 2021 ABSTRACT IS HUMAN PREDATION ON OTHER SPECIES AN ACCOMMODATION OF THE FALL OF CREATION OR PART OF GOD’S INTENDED PLAN FOR CREATION? By Joseph Armando Sandoval Date:________________8/4/2021 Approved: Dr. Luke Bretherton, 1st Reader Dr. William Willimon , 2nd Reader Dr. William Willimon, D.Min. Director Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Ministry in the Divinity School of Duke University 2021 Copyright by Joseph Armando Sandoval 2021 Table of Contents ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. v INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 6 ARGUMENTS AGAINST HUMAN PREDATION ON ANIMALS ........................................ 10 ARGUMENTS FOR HUMANS PREDATING ON ANIMALS .............................................. 24 GOD’S HOPE FOR HUMANITY .................................................................................... 35 RESPONDING TO GOD’S HOPES IN THE LOCAL PARISH .............................................. -
Reconstructing Herod's Temple Mount in Jerusalem
Reconstructing Herod’s Temple Mount in Jerusalem By Kathleen RitmeyerLeen Ritmeyer Herod the Great—master builder! Despite his crimes and excesses, no one can doubt his prowess as a builder. One of his most imposing achievements was in Jerusalem. To feed his passion for grandeur, to immortalize his name and to attempt to win the loyalty of his sometimes restive Jewish subjects, Herod rebuilt the Temple (1 on the reconstruction drawing) in lavish fashion. But first he extended the existing platform—the Temple Mount—on which it was built, doubling its size. Herod ruled from 37 to 4 B.C. Scarcely a generation after the completion of this unparalleled building project,a the Romans ploughed the Temple Mount and built a temple to Jupiter on the site. Not a trace of Herod’s Temple was left. The mighty retaining walls of the Temple Mount, however, were deliberately left lying in ruins throughout the Roman (70–324 A.D.) and Byzantine (324–640 A.D.) periods—testimony to the destruction of the Jewish state. The Islamic period (640–1099) brought further eradication of Herod’s glory. Although the Omayyad caliphs (whose dynasty lasted from 633 to 750) repaired a large breach in the southern wall of the Temple Mount, the entire area of the Mount and its immediate surroundings was covered by an extensive new religio-political complex, built in part from Herodian ashlars that the Romans had toppled. Still later, the Crusaders (1099–1291) erected a city wall in the south that required blocking up the southern gates to the Temple Mount. -
Nabu 2015-2-Mep-Dc
ISSN 0989-5671 2015 N°2 (juin) NOTES BRÈVES 25) À propos d’ARET XII 344, des déesses dgú-ša-ra-tum et de la naissance du prince éblaïte* — Le texte administratif ARET XII 344 est malheureusement assez lacuneux, mais à notre avis quand même très intéressant. Les lignes du texte préservées sont les suivantes: r. I’:1’-5’: ‹x›[...] / šeš-[...] / in ⸢u₄⸣ / ḫúl / ⸢íl⸣-['à*-ag*-da*-mu*] v. II’:1’-11’: ...] K[ALAM.]KAL[AM(?)] / NI-šè-na-⸢a⸣ / ma-lik-tum / è / é / daš-dar / ap / íl-'à- ag-da-mu / i[n] / [...] / [...] r. III’:1’-9’: ⸢'à⸣-[...] / 1 gír mar-t[u] zú-aka / 1 buru₄-mušen 1 kù-sal / daš-dar / NAM-ra-luki / 1 zara₆-túg ú-ḫáb / 1 giš-šilig₅* 2 kù-sig₁₇ maš-maš-SÙ / 1 šíta zabar / dga-mi-iš r. IV’:1’-10’: ⸢x⸣[...] / 10 lá-3 an-dù[l] igi-DUB-SÙ šu-SÙ DU-SÙ kù:babbar / 10 lá-3 gú-a-tum zabar / dgú-ša-ra-tum / 5 kù-sig₁₇ / é / en / ni-zi-mu / 2 ma-na 55 kù-sig₁₇ / sikil r. V’:1’-6’: [x-]NE-[t]um / [x K]A-dù-gíd / [m]a-lik-tum / i[n-na-s]um / dga-mi-iš / 1 dib 2 giš- DU 2 ti-gi-na 2 geštu-lá 2 ba-ga-NE-su!(ZU) r. VI’:1’-6’: [...]⸢x⸣ / [m]a-[li]k-tum / [šu-ba₄-]ti / [x ki]n siki / [x-]li / [x-b]a-LUM. Tout d’abord, on remarquera qu’au début du texte on peut lire in ⸢u₄⸣ / ḫúl / ⸢íl⸣-['à*-ag*-da*- mu*], c’est-à-dire « dans le jour de la fête (en l’honneur) d’íl-'à-ag-da-mu ». -
Writing and City Life
29 THEME2 writing and city life CITY life began in Mesopotamia*, the land between the Euphrates and the Tigris rivers that is now part of the Republic of Iraq. Mesopotamian civilisation is known for its prosperity, city life, its voluminous and rich literature and its mathematics and astronomy. Mesopotamia’s writing system and literature spread to the eastern Mediterranean, northern *The name Syria, and Turkey after 2000 BCE, so that the kingdoms of Mesopotamia is that entire region were writing to one another, and to the derived from the Pharaoh of Egypt, in the language and script of Mesopotamia. Greek words mesos, Here we shall explore the connection between city life and writing, and then look at some outcomes of a sustained meaning middle, tradition of writing. and potamos, In the beginning of recorded history, the land, mainly the meaning river. urbanised south (see discussion below), was called Sumer and Akkad. After 2000 BCE, when Babylon became an important city, the term Babylonia was used for the southern region. From about 1100 BCE, when the Assyrians established their kingdom in the north, the region became known as Assyria. The first known language of the land was Sumerian. It was gradually replaced by Akkadian around 2400 BCE when Akkadian speakers arrived. This language flourished till about Alexander’s time (336-323 BCE), with some regional changes occurring. From 1400 BCE, Aramaic also trickled in. This language, similar to Hebrew, became widely spoken after 1000 BCE. It is still spoken in parts of Iraq. Archaeology in Mesopotamia began in the 1840s. At one or two sites (including Uruk and Mari, which we discuss below), excavations continued for decades. -
The Dead Sea Scrolls: a Biography Pdf, Epub, Ebook
THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS: A BIOGRAPHY PDF, EPUB, EBOOK John J. Collins | 288 pages | 08 Nov 2012 | Princeton University Press | 9780691143675 | English | New Jersey, United States The Dead Sea Scrolls: A Biography PDF Book It presents the story of the scrolls from several perspectives - from the people of Qumran, from those second temple Israelites living in Jerusalem, from the early Christians, and what it means today. The historian Josephus relates the division of the Jews of the Second Temple period into three orders: the Sadducees , the Pharisees , and the Essenes. Currently, he is completing a comprehensive, multi-volume study on the archaeology of Qumran. DSSEL covers only the non-biblical Qumran texts based on a formal understanding of what constitutes a biblical text. Enter email address. And he unravels the impassioned disputes surrounding the scrolls and Christianity. The scrolls include the oldest biblical manuscripts ever found. Also recovered were archeological artifacts that confirmed the scroll dates suggested by paleographic study. His heirs sponsored construction of the Shrine of the Book in Jerusalem's Israel Museum, in which these unique manuscripts are exhibited to the public. In the first of the Dead Sea Scroll discoveries was made near the site of Qumran, at the northern end of the Dead Sea. For example, the species of animal from which the scrolls were fashioned — sheep or cow — was identified by comparing sections of the mitochondrial DNA found in the cells of the parchment skin to that of more than 10 species of animals until a match was found. Noam Mizrahi from the department of biblical studies, in collaboration with Prof. -
The Foundation Figurines
Imagen aérea de uno de los Aerial view of one of the ziggu- zigurats de Babilonia. Imagen rats of Babylon. From Arqueo- de Arqueología de las ciudades logía de las ciudades perdidas, perdidas, núm. 4, 1992. Gentileza nº 4, 1992. Courtesy of Editorial de Editorial Salvat, S.L. Salvat, S. L. Tejidos mesopotámicos de 4.000 años de antigüedad: El caso de las figuritas de fundación Mesopotamian fabrics of 4000 years ago: the foundation figurines por / by Agnès Garcia-Ventura TODO EL MUNDO CONOCE EL CUENTO DE HANS CHRISTIAN ANDER- EVERYONE KNOWS HANS CHRISTIAN ANDERSEn’S TALE ABOUT THE SEN ACERCA DE LOS DOS SASTRES QUE PROMETEN AL EMPERADOR TWO TAILORS WHO PROMISE THE EMPEROR A NEW SUIT OF CLOTHES UN MÁGICO TRAJE NUEVO QUE SERÁ INVISIBLE PARA LOS IGNORAN- THAT ONLY THE WISEST AND CLEVEREST CAN SEE. WHEN THE EMPER- TES Y LOS INCOMPETENTES. CUANDO, POR FIN, EL EMPERADOR SE OR PARADES BEFORE HIS SUBJECTS IN HIS NEW CLOTHES, A CHILD PASEA ANTE SUS SÚBDITOS CON EL SUPUESTO TRAJE NUEVO, UN NIÑO CRIES OUT, “BUT HE ISn’T WEARING ANYTHING AT all!” GRITA: «¡PeRO SI NO LLEVA NINGÚN TRAJE!». A menudo, lo que aquí es simplemente una fábula sucede In the study of ancient textiles, I often think we act like the en realidad a quienes nos dedicamos al estudio de tejidos child in the fable, shouting out the obvious. But in this case antiguos. De algún modo, actuamos como el niño de la fá- it’s the other way round: “He is wearing something! Look at bula vociferando algo obvio, aunque en nuestro caso sería the textiles!” lo contrario que en el cuento de Andersen: «¡Pero si lleva To illustrate the point, in this article I will focus on two algo! ¡Mirad qué tejidos!». -
Sumerian Disputation Poems
chapter i.2 Sumerian Disputation Poems A total of six Sumerian poems fulfil the five characteristics of the genre outlined above: Hoe and Plow (csl 5.3.1), Ewe and Grain (csl 5.3.2), Summer and Winter (csl 5.3.3), Tree and Reed (csl 5.3.4), Bird and Fish (csl 5.3.5), and Silver and Copper (csl 5.3.6). These six poems are called in their final doxologies a- da-mìn, “disputation” (see above). They are, however, not the only Sumerian poems so classified: at least two other texts are called adamin by their rubrics: Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta (csl 1.8.2.3) and Enmerkar and Ensuḫkešdana (csl 1.8.2.4).25 In addition, the poem Dumuzi and Enkimdu (csl 4.8.31)26 is classified by its rubric as a balbale (a rubric often used for love poetry), but a line towards the end represents it as a “disputation held between a shepherd and a farmer.”27 These three poems, which have been normally described as either “epics” (thus the two texts featuring Enmerkar) or “love poems” (thus Dumuzi and Enkimdu), have been shown by several authors to have the same basic structure as other disputation poems, and also to contain indicators that suggest that they were performed.28 Although they belong to the same emic category as the six poems men- tioned, and although they display the same basic tripartite structure, these three poems differ from them in a number of ways. First, none of them con- tains a cosmogonic prologue, which appears in five of the six disputation poems (all except Hoe and Plow). -
The Nature of David's Kingship at Hebron: an Exegetical and Theological Study of 2 Samuel 2:1-5:5
Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Dissertations Graduate Research 2019 The Nature of David's Kingship at Hebron: An Exegetical and Theological Study of 2 Samuel 2:1-5:5 Christian Vogel Andrews University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations Part of the Biblical Studies Commons Recommended Citation Vogel, Christian, "The Nature of David's Kingship at Hebron: An Exegetical and Theological Study of 2 Samuel 2:1-5:5" (2019). Dissertations. 1684. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations/1684 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT THE NATURE OF DAVID’S KINGSHIP AT HEBRON: AN EXEGETICAL AND THEOLOGICAL STUDY OF 2 SAMUEL 2:1—5:5 by Christian Vogel Adviser: Richard M. Davidson ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Dissertation Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary Title: THE NATURE OF DAVID’S KINGSHIP AT HEBRON: AN EXEGETICAL AND THEOLOGICAL STUDY OF 2 SAMUEL 2:1—5:5 Name of researcher: Christian Vogel Name and degree of faculty adviser: Richard M. Davidson, Ph.D. Date completed: June 2019 The account of David’s reign at Hebron found in 2 Samuel 2:1—5:5 constitutes a somewhat neglected, yet crucial part of the David narrative, chronicling David’s first years as king. This dissertation investigates these chapters by means of a close reading of the Hebrew text in order to gain a better understanding of the nature of David’s kingship as it is presented in this literary unit. -
A Comparison of the Role of Bārû and Mantis in Ancient Warfare
A Comparison of the Role of Bārû and Mantis in Ancient Warfare Krzysztof Ulanowski Divination played a huge role in both the Mesopotamian and Greek civiliza- tions. Diviners were consulted by their clients in all possible situations. The results of divination were especially important during times of war, when asso- ciated with the very life of the king along with thousands of others. Divination was a salient characteristic of Mesopotamian civilization; likewise, in Greek politics and warfare, a leader who ignored omens would incur the ominous anger impressions of those by whom he was followed.1 In this paper I will compare the role and responsibility of diviners in two different civilizations in relation to the affairs of war. What did the Assyrian bārû and the Greek mantis (μάντις) have in common and in what ways did they differ? Could they really decide the course of battles? Would it be possible to describe the skills of the bārû priest in the words of Euripides: “the best mantis is he who guesses well”?2 War When writing systems first appeared in the history of both Mesopotamian and Greek civilizations, the first written works not only had a codifying- mythological nature, but above all a military character. Weil’s essay, L’Iliade ou le poème de la force holds that “the true hero, the true subject at the centre of the Iliad is force”.3 Homer was the poet of war and the Iliad needs hardly be mentioned. In the case of Mesopotamian civilization, one could refer not only to The Gilgamesh Epic, but also to many other Sumerian, and therefore early texts which have war as a leading motif, such as The Victory of Eanatum 1 M.A. -
I Kings – Study Guide Lessons 1-3
I Kings – Study Guide Lessons 1-3 Preface: In this study guide we will return to our study of the life of the Children of Israel and pick up where we left off at the end of II Samuel, with the continuation of King David’s reign. I have written this study guide for the Tuesday morning Ladies’ Bible Study at Independent Presbyterian Church, Savannah, GA in the year of our Lord, 2014 - 2015. I have used the commentary “I Kings, The Wisdom and the Folly,” by Dale Ralph Davis as my main source and guide. This book and others I have used are listed at the end of this study in the Bibliography. All scripture quotes are from the English Standard Version of the Bible (ESV) unless otherwise stated. All references cited without a preceding book name (i.e. 4:3) are assumed to be in the book of I Kings. All other references include book, chapter and verse (i.e. James 2:10) Lesson 1 – I Kings 1:1-53 The Book of Kings (what we call “I and II Kings”) is a continuation of the narrative history of the Children of Israel from the end of David’s reign to the end of the final king of the Davidic line – King Zedekiah. It covers a period of about 400 years and was originally written as all one book, but was later separated into two books, which is what we find in our bibles today. Jewish tradition holds that it was written by the prophet Jeremiah, but we cannot know for certain since the author does not identify himself in the book. -
Biblical Unicorns and Fiery Flying Serpents: Not Dinosaurs and Not Pterosaurs
International Journal of Orthodox Theology 10:2 (2019) 199 urn:nbn:de:0276-2019-2087 Philip Senter Biblical unicorns and fiery flying serpents: not dinosaurs and not pterosaurs Abstract An enormous body of literature claims that the Bible mentions dino- saurs and other Mesozoic reptiles. Such literature includes publications that claim that biblical “unicorns” are horned dinosaurs and that the “fiery flying serpents” of the Bible are fire- breathing or bioluminescent ptero- saurs. However, clues from within the Bible and elsewhere reveal the bibli- cal “unicorn” is most likely the rhi- Professor Philip Senter, noceros or the aurochs and that the Ph.D, Department of Bio- “fiery flying serpent” is most likely the logical Sciences Fayette- cobra. The allegations that such ani- ville State University, Fa- mals are dinosaurs or pterosaurs is yetteville, NC, United without supporting evidence. States of America 200 Philip Senter Keywords Bible, Old Testament, Isaiah, unicorn, fiery flying serpent, dinosaur, pterosaur, creationism 1 Introduction Advocates of the view that humans and dinosaurs coexisted have claimed that the Bible mentions dinosaurs since soon after dinosaurs were discovered. The earliest scientific description of a carnivorous dinosaur ( Megalosaurus ) was published in 1824, 1 and the earliest scientific descriptions of an herbivorous dino- saur ( Iguanodon ) were published in 1825 2 and 1833. 3 In 1835, the English politician Thomas Thompson published an article arguing that Megalosaurus and Iguanodon were respectively the biblical monsters Leviathan and Behemoth. 4 His article was the first drop in what would become a deluge of articles and books advocating the view that the Bible mentions dinosaurs, ptero- saurs, and other reptiles that are known today only from Meso- zoic fossils. -
A Sculpted Dish from Tello Made of a Rare Stone (Louvre–AO 153)
A Sculpted Dish from Tello Made of a Rare Stone (Louvre–AO 153) FRANÇOIS DESSET, UMR 7041 / University of Teheran* GIANNI MARCHESI, University of Bologna MASSIMO VIDALE, University of Padua JOHANNES PIGNATTI, “La Sapienza” University of Rome Introduction Close formal and stylistic comparisons with other artifacts of the same period from Tello make it clear A fragment of a sculpted stone dish from Tello (an- that Waagenophyllum limestone, stemming probably cient Ĝirsu), which was found in the early excavations from some Iranian source, was imported to Ĝirsu directed by Ernest de Sarzec, has been as studied by to be locally carved in Sumerian style in the palace us in the frame of a wider research project on artifacts workshops. Mesopotamian objects made of this rare made of a peculiar dark grey limestone spotted with stone provide another element for reconstructing white-to-pink fossil corals of the genus Waagenophyl- the patterns of material exchange between southern lum. Recorded in an old inventory of the Louvre, Mesopotamia and the Iranian Plateau in the late 3rd the piece in question has quite surprisingly remained millennium BC. unpublished until now. The special points of interest to be addressed here are: the uncommon type of stone, which was pre- The Artifact sumably obtained from some place in Iran; the finely We owe the first description of this dish fragment carved lion image that decorates the vessel; and the (Figs. 1–3), which bears the museum number AO mysterious iconographic motif that is placed on the 153, to Léon Heuzey: lion’s shoulder. A partially preserved Sumerian inscrip- tion, most probably to be attributed to the famous Une disposition semblable, mais dans des pro- ruler Gudea of Lagash should also be noted.1 portions beaucoup plus petites, se voit au pour- tour d’un élégant plateau circulaire, dont il ne * This artifact was generously brought to our attention by reste aussi qu’un fragment.