A Case Study

International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 119 No. 15 2018, 331-339 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ Special Issue http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ Integrated Geoinformatics techniques for erosion studies and development of management plan – A case study Ronnie Rex K and Sivakumar.R, Mail id [email protected] and [email protected] Abstract—Soil erosion is one among the important hazards in population which in turn cause over fertilization that effect the land use and land cover patterns, reservoir inducing undesirable algae growth leading to sedimentation and further impact on hydal power projects. It eutrophication. requires to understand the potential erosion prone areas of Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of surface any catchment and remedial measures to be suggested. Due to water bodies can be acquired in an opportune and cost some disadvantages in the conventional methods, remote sensing is playing very significant role in demarcating effective manner using remote sensing has an optical potential erosion zone especially in inaccessible areas. The standard for monitoring water quality. Remote sensing image processing technique is well established for such techniques have an upper hand over conventional water studies. Similarly GIS playing a major role in change quality measuring methods which are expensive in process detection analysis. In the present research an attempt has and are time consuming [2]. It involves the measurement of been made to study multi dated satellite data of 1988 and 2017 to demarcate catchment erosion zones through image properties of components by quantifying the level of classification techniques. Further field verification was radiation absorbed, emitted and reflected at different carried out during the period September 2017 to February wavelengths of electromagnetic spectrum which provide a 2018 to increase the accuracy of interpretation. Subsequently wider class in research for the development of an GIS based vector data on erosion zones were demarcated and environmental measure for assessing water quality to make the comparison of erosion zone for various years. especially over inaccessible locations [3]. Remote sensing in Accordingly catchment management plan is suggested to minimize the erosion and reduce the siltation in reservoirs. terms of water quality involves correlation of parameters Keywords: Soil Erosion, GIS, Sedimentation, Siltation, with strong spectral characteristics like turbidity, Remote Sensing concentration of algal chlorophyll, suspended sediments, dissolved organic matter, colored dissolved organic matter to establish an empirical relation between spectral and I. INTRODUCTION physical characteristics of the surface waterbodies to ANAGING water quality in surface water bodies have identify the potential impact constraints involved in the been taken up as an important area of interest for following [4]. Mdetailed studies in the recent years due to critical over The study aims to assess the erosion potential in the exploitation and intensive multi objective demands which catchment and changes in water quality in selected arise on limited amount of resources. Hence water quality reservoirs of sub watersheds in Chalakudy river basin investigation attracts significant amount of attention for the through geoinformatics, and also to study the impacts and better conservation and sustainable development of natural causes for changes in water quality with the development of resources. Reservoirs are surface water bodies which are a management model for conservation of water resources technically found in domains which face an excessive [5]. The area of study is a predominant destination for proportion of water scarcity or for controlled facility of environmental diversity and has been promoted by the water which may be required for agricultural and hydral tourism which receive tourist throughout the year, technological advancements. They are the outcomes of Hence, this makes it crucial to study the effect on reservoir human activity which are precisely modified to provide a which is leading to the reduction in the catchment area and reliable use of water resources which include important uses detrition of the watershed due to various effects like erosion, like controlled water supply, flood control, hydropower, deforestation, sedimentation etc for the need of conservation navigation, fish and wild life conservation and recreational of natural inland surface waterbodies and sustainable facilities. Catchment erosion induces by land degradation is development of environmental resources [6]. a major threat which has been effecting the drainage area in The scope of the study involves understanding the trend reservoirs [1]. Important concerns include excessive flow of of catchment erosion and change in water quality in the nutrients which drain into the reservoir as outcomes of reservoir especially due to eutrophication and siltation with intense agricultural practices, forestry and drastic increase the help of muti-dated image analysis [7]. The concurrent effects involving the adjacent reservoirs surrounding the study area are also considered as a rising advantage to study 1 331 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue its influence on the catchment area and the considered India. Poringalkuthu is the first hydroelectric power project watershed. This finally helps in development of a built across the Chalakudy river and spreads across an area management plan for the minimizing of erosion and of 2.82sq.km and catchment area of 512sq.km enhance the potential water storage in the catchment area (Fig.2). [8]. II. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY The study proceeds through a data base generation which include use of remote sensing and its importance in digital image processing and interpretation of image through classification with direct correlation with field verification which helps in finalization of soil erosion zones which is linked with the GIS thematic data base which help for analysis of erosion zonation and finally developing a management plane to reduce the impacts of erosion [9] (Fig.1). Fig. 2.Study area In the Chalakudy river basin Sholayar reservoir was formed as a part of sholayar hydroelectric project by the construction of sholayar dam across the Sholayar River which is a major tributary of Chalakudy River. It is located upstream of poringalkuthu dam and is commenced as the second power station in Chalakudy basin having a water spread area of 8.7 sq.km and a catchment area of 186.6 sq. km. The watershed boundary of the study area comprises of 3 other reservoirs of which the sholayar extension over the Tamil Nadu region enclosed by the sholayar city dam and the Parambikulam reservoir which is formed over the Parambikulam embankment dam across the Parambikulam River located in the Palakkad district in the Western Ghats of Kerala. It also has to smaller reservoirs Peruvarippalam reservoir comprising of the Peruvarippalam dam and Thunakadavu reservoir formed over the Thunakadavu dam which are all laying adjacent to the poringalkuthu reservoir IV. WATERSHED DELINEATION CreatingFig. 1. Methodology of base map for the study area by identification of watershed through watershed delineation using Watershed which is reciprocatively know as drainage CARTOSAT DEM and topographical maps for the basin or catchment are potential land cover area which are extraction of drainage patterns. All major locations and responsible for the draining of all watercourse and rainfall transportation networks were digitized using satellite image into a prevalent exits like discharge of a reservoir, opening [10]. Landsat Satellite products which are available for the of an estuary, or any location long a waterway. All land past and present years where downloaded and processed for areas that drains water to the outflow locations act as the an accurate lookout for the study. watershed for that pertained points which mainly consist of surface water lakes, reservoirs, wetlands and all underlying ground water. Watersheds which are separated by ridges III. STUDY AREA and hills are known as drainage divide and there are Poringalkuthu and Sholayar reservoirs are situated across prominent chances of larger watersheds accommodating the Chalakudy River in Thrissur district Kerala state of many smaller watersheds. 2 332 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue Study over watershed have an important priority because It primarily involves transformation of paper maps into human induced or activities not occurring in the land area digital image using a scanner which automatically over the river drainage extremity have been majorly apprehend all the map attributes including all the text and effecting the streamflow and water quality in river system symbols in the map as discrete cells technically known as [11]. The process of distinguishing a watersheds boundary pixels and generates an automated digital image in raster by plotting lines over a map typically topographical maps format. A new layer is created for the drainage pattern in using information from lines of equal elevation know as the digital image of topographical sheet by zooming the contour lines is stated as delineation. displayed digital image to a congenial level and tracing the For the study to be conducted, watershed was delineated drainage pattern using the proper projection requisite so as for the extraction of drainage pattern

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