Resolving Conflicts in Chalakudy River Basin
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A C T I O N R E S E A R C H R E P O R T The Forum and its Work Linking Lives - Reviving Flows The Forum (Forum for Policy Dialogue on Water Conflicts in India) is an effort to Towards Resolving Upstream – Downstream Conflicts in Chalakudy River Basin bring together all those interested in working on issues related to water conflicts in India into a loose network for action and interaction. The Forum began its work towards the end of 2004 as a collaborative effort of a few organisations and independent researchers and was supported by World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). Presently the Forum has more than 150 organisations and individuals and the present phase of Forum's work is primarily supported by Arghyam Trust, Bangalore. The Forum's work covers the four broad areas of conflict documentation, conflict resolution, conflict prevention and network and outreach. Contact Forum for Policy Dialogue on Water Conflicts in India c/o Society for Promoting Participative Ecosystem Management (SOPPECOM) 16, Kale Park, Someshwarwadi Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008 Maharashtra, India Phone: 0091-20-25880786, 25886542 Fax: 0091-20-25886542 Email: [email protected] URL://conflicts.indiawaterportal.org Chalakudy Puzha Samrakshana Samithi and Kerala State Resource Centre of the Forum Forum for Policy Dialogue on Water Conflicts in India Action Research Report Linking Lives - Reviving Flows Towards Resolving Upstream – Downstream Conflicts in Chalakudy River Basin Latha A., S. P. Ravi, P. Rajneesh Chalakudy Puzha Samrakshana Samithi and Kerala State Resource Centre of the Forum Forum for Policy Dialogue on Water Conflicts in India March 2012 Linking Lives - Reviving Flows: Towards Resolving Upstream - Downstream Conflicts in Chalakudy River Basin: Action Research Report Latha A., S. P. Ravi, P. Rajneesh © Forum for Policy Dialogue on Water Conflicts in India, Pune First published in March 2012 Supported by: ARGHYAM Trust, Bangalore Cover Design and Layout: Marion Jhunja Printed by: Mudra Published by: Forum for Policy Dialogue on Water Conflicts in India, Pune c/o Society for Promoting Participative Ecosystem Management (SOPPECOM) 16, Kale Park, Someshwarwadi Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008 Maharashtra, INDIA Tel: +91-20-2588 0786/ 2588 6542 Fax: +91-020-2588 6542 Email: [email protected] URL: http://conflicts.indiawaterportal.org Copies are available at the above address and also at: 'Karthika', Ollur P.O., Thrissur 680306, Kerala, INDIA Tel: +91-487-2353021; Email: [email protected] The contents of this report may be used with due acknowledgement of the source. Any form of reproduction, storage in a retrieval system or transmission by any means requires a prior written permission from the publisher. Citation: A. Latha, S. P. Ravi, P. Rajneesh, 2012, Linking Lives - Reviving Flows, Towards Resolving Upstream - Downstream Conflicts in Chalakudy River Basin: Action Research Report, Pune: Forum for Policy Dialogue on Water Conflicts in India. Contributory Price : Rs 200/- Contents Acknowledgements pg i - ii Forword pg iii Executive Summary pg iv - ix Chapter One: Introduction pg 1 - 9 Chapter Two: Upstream-downstream Conflicts: Perspectives and Experiences pg 10 - 21 Chapter Three: The Chalakudy River: Status and Water Availability pg 22 - 28 Chapter Four: Description of Conflicts and Stakeholder Analysis pg 29 - 38 Chapter Five: Reservoir Operations Management Strategy pg 39 - 56 Chapter Six: Multi Stakeholder Process Towards Improved CRDS Command Management pg 57 - 79 Chapter Seven: Implications, Recommendations and Way Forward pg 80 - 87 Acknowledgements Allow us … This is certainly not an easy endeavour for us … The list of persons who have been part of this action research would run into several pages … Farmers, Local Self-Government representatives, MPs and MLAs, the Irrigation Department, the Agricultural Department, Kerala Agricultural University, women Self-Help Groups and local to state level voluntary organisations and subject matter experts within and outside the state of Kerala have played their crucial role in taking this action research forward through its various stages. We have faced tough times when everything came to a standstill. We have had our negative experiences from some quarters. We have received unexpected support when we least expected it. However, the faith and trust of the diverse river basin communities in us lightened our life and made crossing hurdles easier for us during these three years. We would state without any hesitation that K. J. Joy, the national co-ordinator of the Forum for Policy Dialogue on Water Conflicts in India has played the most significant role throughout the action research. Joy has been our motivator, friend and guide through the ups and downs of the process until its present phase of culmination. We place on record our deepest appreciation to Joy. Fundamental changes in governance are impossible without the active involvement of the elected representatives who are the decision makers. We were fortunate to have the wholehearted co-operation of the MPs Sri K. P. Dhanapalan and Sri P. C. Chacko, and MLAs Sri B. D. Devassy, Adv. Thomas Unniyadan, Prof. C. Raveendranath, Sri Jose Thettayil, Sri A. K. Chandran (ex-MLA) and Sri T. N. Prathapan during the critical periods of consensus building and carrying forward the decisions taken at the river basin level to the district, state and national level. They found time to actively participate in many of our meetings and gave critical inputs to make political buy in easier. We sincerely acknowledge their co-operation and efforts to support us. Perhaps the governing bodies of the 20 Local Self-Governments (LSGs) have played the most critical role on the ground in taking the action research forward. Hitherto not involved in the management of canal systems, thanks to the action research, they became the most significant decision makers for the delivery and distribution of water through the Panchayath level water resources management committees. They have been the most important link between the farmers and the concerned departments in taking the action research forward. The list is obviously long. However, a few names like Leela Subramaniom, Leena Davis, Tessy Titus, Indira Sivaraman, N. U. Sashidharan and Ummukulsu Aseez need special mention here, given their wholehearted support to this endeavour. We deeply appreciate their critical role and the support they extended. We extend our sincere gratitude to Sri T. V. Sivaraman and Sri Tony Varghese for sharing their valuable on farm experiences in improved water management with the LSGs. The Irrigation Department officials ranging from the Assistant Executive engineer to the Field Supervisor have played a very critical role in the Action Research. They have been with us through the phase when we started organising Panchayath level meetings in 2010. Retired irrigation officials also evinced keen interest in the process of improved water delivery. At least 20 officials would have to be acknowledged for their various roles which i would be humanly impossible. We wish to specially mention the role played by Smt. Lucy (Assistant Executive Engineer) and Smt. Roshni (Assistant Engineer). We convey our heartfelt appreciation for their co-operation and technical advice. The Agricultural Officers from the Krishi Bhavans under the LSGs and the Agricultural Research Station experts of the Kerala Agricultural University must be thanked for providing technical advice during the phase of research on farmers. Agricultural officers Sri Baby Raphel and Smt. Jiji Joseph are remembered with appreciation for their role in mobilising farmers. The members of the Chalakudy River Protection Forum, especially M. Mohandas and K. K. Shelly, need special mention for their unconditional support during the action research. The entire field team of the Chalakudy Puzha Samrakshana Samithi and the Kerala State Resource Centre of the Forum has been engaged in the action research process tirelessly without a word of complaint. P. Rajneesh is of course the person who has made it happen in the field, day and night. Rajneesh has worked with the irrigation officials and LSGs through thick and thin, playing multiple roles of motivator, initiator, catalyst, and problem-solver including physically helping out in the field. Our other team members, Sival, Shaneeb, Sreevidya, Zabna, Krishnan, Unnikrishnan and Divya are gratefully acknowledged for their contributions towards making the action research happen in the field, and for their unstinted support. Madhu's role is gratefully acknowledged for sharing the hydrological data and Amitha Bachan for his inputs. The National Steering Committee of the Forum has been a sounding board for the team. The steering committee meetings have always supported this venture and shed new light on the way the action research should be taken forward. Our sincere gratitude to Joy, Suhas, Shripad, Janakarajan, Philippe, Vinod, Pranab, Partha, Chandan, Subodh and Eklavya. Himanshu Thakkar of South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers and People (SANDRP), Dr. Eldo from IIT Mumbai, S. Viswanath from Arghyam, and Soma Parthasarathy who is part of the Forum family, also deserve special mention here for their field visits and technical advice during times of need. We also wish to place on record our appreciation for the encouragement and timely advices from the state level Steering Committee members; Dr. P. Indira Devi, Dr. Ajay Kumar Varma, Dr. George Chackacherry, Sri N. Padmanabhan and Sri Madhavan Namboothiri and the State Advisory Committee members. We thank Prof. M. K. Prasad for writing the Foreword. We would like to acknowledge the financial support and encouragement provided by Arghyam Trust, Bangalore. We also acknowledge the role of SOPPECOM in coordinating the efforts of the Forum at the national level. Without the gentle and timely reminders for reports from Shruti and Pratima from SOPPECOM and the 'open to new ideas' approach of Arghyam, we would have found it tough to proceed with the complex theme of upstream-downstream conflict resolution. We thank Marion Jhunja for the cover and layout of the report and Mudra for its production.