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Understanding REPORT of the WESTERNGHATS ECOLOGY EXPERT PANEL

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Understanding REPORT of the WESTERNGHATS ECOLOGY EXPERT PANEL Understanding REPORT OF THE WESTERNGHATS ECOLOGY EXPERT PANEL KERALA PERSPECTIVE KERALA STATE BIODIVERSITY BOARD Preface The Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel report and subsequent heritage tag accorded by UNESCO has brought cheers to environmental NGOs and local communities while creating apprehensions among some others. The Kerala State Biodiversity Board has taken an initiative to translate the report to a Kerala perspective so that the stakeholders are rightly informed. We need to realise that the whole ecosystem from Agasthyamala in the South to Parambikulam in the North along the Western Ghats in Kerala needs to be protected. The Western Ghats is a continuous entity and therefore all the 6 states should adopt a holistic approach to its preservation. The attempt by KSBB is in that direction so that the people of Kerala along with the political decision makers are sensitized to the need of Western Ghats protection for the survival of themselves. The Kerala-centric report now available in the website of KSBB is expected to evolve consensus of people from all walks of life towards environmental conservation and Green planning. Dr. Oommen V. Oommen (Chairman, KSBB) EDITORIAL Western Ghats is considered to be one of the eight hottest hot spots of biodiversity in the World and an ecologically sensitive area. The vegetation has reached its highest diversity towards the southern tip in Kerala with its high statured, rich tropical rain fores ts. But several factors have led to the disturbance of this delicate ecosystem and this has necessitated conservation of the Ghats and sustainable use of its resources. With this objective Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel was constituted by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) comprising of 14 members and chaired by Prof. Madhav Gadgil and a report was submitted to Government of India. There are proactive views for and against the report. The report has created much appreciation from environmentalists at the same time panic and extreme reaction from the general public. Large number of people has adversely criticised this report citing reasons such as the regions demarcated as Ecologically sensitive are fully inhabited and it will be the death knell for intensive agriculture, and that the implementation of the report in its totality will hamper any further developmental activities in the area. At this juncture KSBB has decided to release a concise version of the WGEEP report in Kerala Perspective in the public domain. A publication of the important contents of this report for easy understanding will facilitate a transparent discussion on the pros and cons of the report and mitigate some of the major false propaganda surrounding the report. “Understanding report of Western Ghats ecology expert panel- a Kerala perspective” is available in the public domain and provides a systematic delineation of different levels of ecological sensitivity of Kerala with area in the respective Talukas at Grama Panchayat level. This will promote better understanding of the salient points of the report and encourage an active discussion of the report at local level. The relevant environment and ecological issues pertaining to Western Ghats Region of Kerala as also recommendations for the conservation, protection and sustainable livelihood of the Western Ghats Region involving people are included in this report. This report has been put in public domain in the hope that it will facilitate a democratic way of discussion with people’s participation and Biodiversity Management Committees at LSG level. All are welcome to be a part of this so as to promote conservation and sustainable use of our rich heritage. Dr. K.P. Laladhas Editorial Team (Member Secretary, KSBB) Editor: DR. K.P. Laladhas Assistant Editors: Dr. Preetha N Baijulal B Kerala State Biodiversity Board i Page No. Content No. 1 Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel- An overview vi 2 Salient features of the report 1 3 Need for WGEEP and assigned functions 1 4 Western Ghats - Kerala Perspective 2 a) Boundaries of Western Ghats in Kerala 2 b) Biodiversity of Western Ghats 4 c) Geographical landscapes of Western Ghats in Kerala 5 d) Vegetation 7 5 Ecologically Sensitive Zones 9 6 A graded approach- ESZ1, ESZ2, ESZ3 12 7 Kerala ESZ1, ESZ2, ESZ3 regions 14 8 Conservation- Kerala Model- Udumbanchola Taluk 19 9 Proposed guidelines for sector-wise activities 19 10 The Western Ghats Ecology Authority (WGEA) 26 11 Sectoral Recommendations applicable to Kerala 28 Kerala State Biodiversity Board ii List of Abbreviations BMC Biodiversity Management Committee DEC District Ecology Committees DP Development Plan DEC District Ecological Committee DPC(s) District Planning Committee (s) DRP District Regional Plans EPA Environment Protection Act EPR Environment (Protection) Rules ESA Ecologically Sensitive Area ESL Ecologically Sensitive Locality ESZ Ecologically Sensitive Zone FRA Forest Rights Act GMO Genetically modified organisms KSBB Kerala State Biodiversity Board KSEB Kerala State Electricity Board LSG Local Self Governments MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forests PA(s) Protected Area(s) SEZ Special Economic Zones VP(s) Village Panchayat(s) WG Western Ghats WGEA Western Ghats Ecology Authority WGEEP Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel WLS Wild Life Sanctuary Kerala State Biodiversity Board iii List of Figures Figure No. Caption Page No. Figure 1 The Western Ghat Boundary 3 Figure 2 Deforestation map of Kerala 5 Figure 3 Digital elevation map of Kerala 5 Figure 4 Location of the three key regions and 9 geological landscape of 6 Western Ghat Figure 5 The forest types of Kerala 7 Figure 6 ESA grid map of Kerala and adjoining areas 13 Figure 7 Protected areas and Environmental Sensitive Zones of Kerala 15 Figure 8 Protected areas and Environmental Sensitive Zones of Kerala 16 (Modified after WGEEP report) Figure 9 Power generation infrastructure located in Western Ghats 35 Figure 10 Environmental Sensitive Zones and Protected areas of 39 Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala Figure 11 Environmental Sensitive Zones and Protected areas of Kollam 40 district, Kerala Figure 12 Environmental Sensitive Zones and Protected areas of 41 Pathanamthitta district, Kerala Figure 13 Environmental Sensitive Zones and Protected areas of Kottayam 42 district, Kerala Figure 14 Environmental Sensitive Zones and Protected areas of Idukki 43 district, Kerala Figure 15 Environmental Sensitive Zones and Protected areas of Ernakulam 44 district, Kerala Figure 16 Environmental Sensitive Zones and Protected areas of Thrissur 45 district, Kerala Figure 17 Environmental Sensitive Zones and Protected areas of Palakkad 46 district, Kerala Figure 18 Environmental Sensitive Zones and Protected areas of Malappuram 47 district, Kerala Figure 19 Environmental Sensitive Zones and Protected areas of Kozhikode 48 district, Kerala Figure 20 Environmental Sensitive Zones and Protected areas of Wayanad 49 district, Kerala Figure 21 Environmental Sensitive Zones and Protected areas of Kannur 50 district, Kerala Figure 22 Environmental Sensitive Zones and Protected areas of Kasargod 51 district, Kerala Kerala State Biodiversity Board iv List of Tables Table No. Caption Page No. Table 1 Geographical attribute of Western Ghat. 4 Table 2 Wet Evergreen vegetation types and their occurrence in geological 9 landscapes. Table 3 Proposed assignment of various Western Ghat Talukas to ESZ1, 17 ESZ2 and ESZ3. Table 4 Proposed ESZ1 and ESZ2 assignment of various Western Ghat 17 Talukas for which less than 50% area within the Western Ghat boundary. Table 5 LSG’s covered in Ecologically Sensitive areas and Protected Area. 18 Table 6 Specific proposal for new Ecologically Sensitive Localities of 18 Kerala (ESL). Table 7 Proposed guidelines and summary recommendations for sector-wise 20 activities. Table 8 State-wise distribution of approved Special Economic Zones (SEZs) 34 in Kerala. Table 9 Minerals and Minerals production in the Western Ghat district of 34 Kerala. Table 10 Various fuels used for household activities. 35 Kerala State Biodiversity Board v WESTERN GHATS ECOLOGY EXPERT PANEL- AN OVERVIEW Western Ghats ecology Expert Panel was constituted by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) comprising of 14 members and chaired by Prof. Madhav Gadgil. Panel Members Prof. Madhav Gadgil : Chairman Shri B.J. Krishnan : Member Dr. K.N. Ganeshaiah : Member Dr. V.S. Vijayan : Member Prof. (Ms.) Renee Borges : Member Prof. R. Sukumar : Member Dr. Ligia Noronha : Member Ms Vidya S. Nayak : Member Dr. D. K. Subramaniam : Member Dr. R.V. Varma Chairman, KSBB : Member (ex-officio) National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) : Member (ex-officio) Prof S.P. Gautam : Member (ex-officio) Chairman, Central Pollution Control Board ) Dr. R.R. Navalgund : Member (ex-officio) Director, Space Application Centre (SAC) Dr. G. V. Subrahmanyam : Member-Secretary (ex-officio) Advisor (RE), Ministry of Environment & Forests, Government of India, New Delhi WGEEP initiated its activities on March 30, 2010 and held a total of 14 Panel meetings, concluding with a meeting on 16-17 August 2011 at Bengaluru. A key mandate of WGEEP is to demarcate areas within the Western Ghats Region which need to be notified as ecologically sensitive zones under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Kerala State Biodiversity Board vi SALIENT FEATURES OF THE REPORT The Western Ghats runs to a length of 1600 kilometres starting from the mouth of the river Tapti near the border of Gujarat and Maharashtra to Kanyakumari, the southern most tip of India in Tamil Nadu
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