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A RICA EC It VOLUME X NUMBER 10 SOUTHERN A RICA EC It REVIE Molefe Pheto Poetry for The Struggle Notes to Our Readers 9 8 a This has been an eventful year in and for south To help readers see the patterns in the develop ern Africa. Everywhere the people are stating ing events we have changed our format this their demands-the right to control their lives, month. Instead of bringing you the latest news we their country, their resources and their future. have devoted most of our space to reviews of major Resistance has exploded in South Africa, involv 1977 happenings and trends in each of the coun ing workers, teachers, parents as well as students, tries we normally cover. and producing brutal retaliation from the Vorstei We have also tried to present some basic statis regime. tics for each area. Compiling even such scanty SWAPO has extended its operational area in facts proved frustratingly difficult. Information is Namibia, challenging the South African occupiers out of date, and often contradictory. We have done militarily as well as politically. our best to check accuracy; nevertheless we sug Despite internal problems the two Zimbabwe gest that readers regard these as a guide to general liberation movements, linked in the Patriotic orders of magnitude rather than accurate down to Front, have drawn thousands of new recruits, and the last digit. pose so serious a threat to the Salisbury govern Loyal readers will notice that the magazine is ment that Smith, who one year ago declared that shorter than usual. We did not have the monev to there would be no majority rule in Rhodesia for a print more pages. We hope next month will be thousand years, is now offering an unrestricted better, but we need your help. See page 20 for one vote to Africans as part of an 'internal settlement." way in which you can help ensure our survival and Smith has hedged his offer with serious restric growth-by becoming a sustainer. Urging your tions, and accompanied it by a massive attack on local school, city, union or college library to take guerrilla camps in Mozambique. He will try to out a subscription is another way of helping us concede as little as possible-but he is being reach new readers. forced to concede. These are exciting times-they demand more The power of the peoples' demand is being than a passive response from people who care heard in Washington and London as well as Pre about the future. So join us in supporting the toria and Salisbury. Hence the frenzied increase in liberation struggle in southern Africa, in opposing Western intervention, the scurrying to and fro of US intervention and in building a base of informed Anglo-American representatives, wearing the opinion in America. well-cut suits of the diplomatic corps, rather than We wish you all strength and joy in the coming army fatigues, but still seeking to protect non African interests, by finding a settlement formula year. that will short-circuit the struggle for real libera A luta continua, tion. The Editors I want to support the I Become A Sustainer... continued existence and growth of the magazine. Do you believe in the need for the Enter my Sustainer sub magazine to continue? Do you believe scription for: it should be reaching many more $25.00 $50.00 I I enclose the full amount: subscribers and appearing on news $ stands throughout the country? R I enclose E] $5 E] $10 for Become a Sustainer for $25 or $50 a this month. I will send the same amount for the coming year. You don't have to send it all at I four months. once. But many of our readers can manage an extra $5 or $10 a month for name the next five months to insure the tI magazine's survival and growth. I address Sustainerswill receive a portfolio of six city state zip I beautiful photographs of Angola, Mail to: Southern Africa, Noon 707, South Africa and Guinea-Bissau. 156Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010 SOUTHERN Contents AF RICA DECEMBER 1977 VOLUME X NUMBER 10 2 CARTER IN SOUTHERN AFRICA THE SHAPE OF THINGS TO COME Our Collective: Barbara Barnes Carole Benglesdorf Wes Cohen Paddy Colligan Jennifer Davis Michael Davis Charlie Ebel Mimi 5 SPECIAL REPORT Edmunds Carolyn Fleuhr-Lobban Peggy IN MOZAMBIQUE Halsey Janet Hooper Paul Irish Tami 5 POLITICAL ELECTIONS Hultman Allen Isaacman Bill Johnston Marci Kerr Richard Knight Reed Kramer 7 YEAR IN REVIEW Richard Leonard Richard Lobban Edgar 7 UNITED NATIONS Lockwood Andy Marx Bill Minter Ruth Minter Susan Rogers Christine Root 8 ORGANIZATION OF AFRICAN UNITY Karen Rothmyer Mike Shuster Janet Siskind Pat Smith Jinni Stroman John 10 SOUTH AFRICA Stroman Stephanie Urdang Roberta 12 ZIMBABWE Washington Jim Weikart Sybil Wong 13 MOZAMBIQUE 14 ANGOLA 16 NAMIBIA 17 BOTSWANA Southern Africa is published monthly, 19 MOLEFE PHETO except for July-August, when bi-monthly, POETRY FOR THE STRUGGLE by the Southern Africa Committee, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, NewYork 10010. 21 UPDATE Subscriptions: Individual (domestic and foreign)/$8.00; Institutional/$18.00; Air mail: Africa, Asia, Europe/$20.50; South and Central America/$17.50. Southern Africa is available on microfilm through University Microfilm, Xerox Com pany, Ann Arbor, Mich. 68206, and is listed in the Alternative Press Index. SOURCES- INFORMATION BOXES 1. 1976 Statistical Yearbook, United Nations 2. 1974 Report on the World Social Situation, United Nations 3. World Tables 1976, World Bank 4. The World Almanac and Book of Facts 1977, Newspaper Enterprise Association for Dou bleday 5. The CBS News Almanac 1977, Hammond COVER: Photographs from Tempo, Almanac, Inc. United Nations 6. Washington Post, February 5, 1977 7. South Africa Fact Sheet, Africa Fund, 1977 8. Office of the UN Commissioner for Namibia DECEMBER 1977/SOUTHERN AFRICA 1 Carter in Southern Africa The Shape of Things to Come • .* The critical factor in African radical regimes threatening to western By Edgar Lockwood nation-building is leadership. In interests not only in those countries Judging by public tone, style and choosing countries for special em but, more importantly, in South Africa ideological emphasis alone, the casual phasis, we propose to make a major itself. observer of US foreign policy is im effort to help dynamic and progres pressed by the novelty of the Carter sive leaders who are reasonably The Carter Themes Administration's approach toward friendly. This summary of the Republican southern Africa. Kissinger had stressed Our revolutionary background years is intended to suggest that it is America's tangible interests, sought and democratic aspirations consti the threat to western interests that has alliances with ideological "enemies' to tute a basis for sympathy between now rescued Africa from "neglect." advance or at least to protect those ourselves and the Africans. The pursuit of American idealism, in interests, and operated a clever, mani Under "Objectives," we find: this context, should, then, be seen not pulative and secretive diplomacy with Gradual emergence or growth of a as an abstract philosophical preference calculated ambiguity. The Carter middle class capable of creating and but as an ideological weapon in a very Administration now seems once more managing a private enterprise sector real conflict in which the US acts to to espouse American ideals and prin in a mixed economy. protect very material benefits. It ciples, open diplomacy for announced, Encouragement, where appropri would be foolhardy to predict out clearly-stated objectives, and deci ate, of private enterprise economies. comes at this stage, but it is possible to sion-making by consent. But what is Gradual and orderly transfer of sketch out certain themes which seem really involved is a reversion to the power to the majority of the African to be emerging as characteristic of the active use of ideology and salesman populations during the next few Carter approach. ship to manage its political and eco years, with the fullest possible pro The Promotion of Capitalism nomic interests. It is of a piece with tection of minority rights. "helping our little brown brothers" in and Non-Violence Puerto Rico, Cuba and the Philip These high-sounding objectives were accompanied by the use of forces Perhaps the most brilliant political ines, making the world "safe for choice of Jimmy Carter's career to date democracy" and saving Vietnam from to secure American goals in the Congo. Furthermore, covert CIA operations, has been the selection of Andy Young communism. as Ambassador to the United Nations. A relevant precedent may be the buying of African "assets," assassina tion and mercenary recruitment were A man of charismatic charm, aptitude Kennedy-Johnson era. The recently and eloquence, Young is no mere declassified Africa: Guidelines for not thought inappropriate means to the promotion of leaders thought to be preacher. He is a living advertisement United States Policy and Operation that non-violent political struggle can (1963) establishes parallels of inten favorable and popular. But as the United States was drawn advance blacks in America into the tion, orientation, objectives and political elite. This gives him a special methods. deeper and deeper into the quagmire role in the developing world, where Under the section entitled "Basic of Vietnam, the Johnson Administra tion lost the missionary zeal of the his task is to create trust in American Approach," we find the following: concern and good intentions. Carter What we do-or fail to do--in Kennedy years; Africa became once again a 'neglected" area. As the Kis put it this way: Africa in the next year will have a [Third World nations] now look on profound effect for many years ... singer-Nixon era opened, Vietnam and the Middle East were the two crisis the United States as having at least The United States, as a country with one representative .
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