DOCSLIB.ORG

A South African Artist in the Age of Apartheid

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A South African Artist in the Age of Apartheid Diana Wylie. Art and Revolution: The Life and Death of Thami Mnyele, South African Artist. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2008. Illustrations. 264 pp. $25.00, paper, ISBN 978-0-8139-2764-0. Reviewed by Brenda Danilowitz Published on H-AfrArts (March, 2010) Commissioned by Jean M. Borgatti (Clark Univeristy) In the words of his lifelong friend Mongane death fve years later, she "wrote down every‐ Wally Serote, Thami Mnyele's "life, his presence, thing I could remember him having said" (p. 1). was a series of little actions, soft-spoken state‐ Those words and her memories, flled out with in‐ ments, that have accumulated into profound formation gleaned from scores of interviews and meaning."[1] In Art and Revolution, Diana Wylie wide-ranging archival research, are gathered to‐ sets out to unpack the meanings of those small ac‐ gether in Art and Revolution to provide not only a tions, to tell Mnyele's story, and to rescue his life remarkable portrait of an individual and his work from "ignorance" and "indifference" (p. 1). but also a richly nuanced rendering of a crucial Mnyele, struggling to fnd his way in South period in South Africa's history, brought to life Africa, crossed into neighboring Botswana in from the point of view of one of its lesser-known, 1979, and more or less forsook his dreams of be‐ yet significantly knowing, players. coming an artist when he joined the African Na‐ The short span of Mnyele's life--1948 to 1985-- tional Congress (ANC) in exile there. Seven years mirrored the trajectory of institutionalized later, aged thirty-seven, he was one of twelve peo‐ apartheid in South Africa. In 1948, the Afrikaner- ple killed by South African Special Forces in the led National Party won political power and began now infamous June 14, 1985, raid on Gaborone. to introduce the structures of apartheid legisla‐ Wylie, researching her PhD in Gaborone in the tion. By1985, the frst tentative and covert steps summer of 1980, came upon an exhibition of toward negotiating a settlement between the ANC Mnyele's drawings in the Botswana National Mu‐ and the South African government, which would seum and Art Gallery where they had a profound‐ lead to the rapid unraveling of apartheid, began. ly moving effect on her. Soon after, she met the [2] Bringing her considerable experience and artist and they became friends. As she recounts in skills as a historian to the task, Wylie plots the book's preface, when she heard of Mnyele's Mnyele's life against this background. When de‐ H-Net Reviews tails of the life are scarce, Wylie invites the reader rored the experience of thousands of young South to imagine them by vividly invoking details of the Africans in the 1960s and 1970s. times. So, for example, while few facts are known The four central chapters of the book detail about Mnyele's schooling in the rural area of Mnyele's political and artistic maturation. It is a Makapanstad, north of Pretoria, Wylie has delved depressingly familiar story: the young African ur‐ into the era's school textbooks to construct a con‐ banite, with an acute intelligence, a strong ethical vincing impression of Mnyele's classroom experi‐ core, a love of music, and a yearning to become ence in the late 1950s. One of the earliest legisla‐ an artist, who, doomed to a bleak future by the tive moves of the National Party government was overwhelmingly powerful machinery of a perni‐ the Bantu Education Act of 1954, designed to en‐ cious state system that provided a perfunctory ed‐ sure not only separate educational institutions for ucation, a dearth of social and economic opportu‐ blacks and whites but also the eternal suppres‐ nity, and an iron fst that could and would tram‐ sion of black intellectual aspirations and the re‐ ple the individual with scarcely a nod to basic hu‐ striction of blacks to the roles of peasants, ser‐ man rights, resorts to a life of militancy and revo‐ vants, and laborers. In school, black children lution. Wylie's telling peels back the layers of this were subjected to a litany of their own inferiority. conventional tale to tease out the particulars of Mnyele was born into the urban environment Mnyele's story. of Johannesburg's Alexandra Township, a scrappy Music in the guise of American jazz was a cat‐ but vibrant neighborhood where some blacks, alyst that introduced Mnyele to the artistic life Mnyele's family among them, owned land and that hummed beneath the squalor and cacophony where, prior to 1948, an aspirant black middle of Alexandra Township. It was there in 1970 that class rubbed shoulders with sharp-edged gang‐ he was introduced to Serote, his near contempo‐ sters. Wylie, who writes discursively yet with rary and a determined and aspiring writer. "Both great precision, compacts into the book's short young men," Wylie writes, "were hungry to ex‐ first chapter a lively portrait of Alexandra Town‐ press themselves and to see their lives from a ship, an outline of Mnyele's family background, broader perspective" (p. 35). Wylie captures and a cogent account of Bantu Education and her Serote's bold and charismatic personality that in‐ protagonist's schooling and his dawning attrac‐ spired Mnyele, gave shape to his nascent political tion to expressing himself through drawing. instincts, and led him into the wider world of Equally succinctly the second chapter covers black and white radical intelligentsia in Johannes‐ the decade that preceded Mnyele's return to burg in the late 1960s and 1970s. The third chap‐ Alexandra from his rural high school in 1965. ter provides a rich account of the heady artistic Here, Wylie outlines both the mounting repres‐ and intellectual life into which Mnyele was sion of the government's apartheid policies and plunged at this time. Wylie outlines the Johannes‐ the rise of African resistance through two princi‐ burg art world and the isolated interstices in it pal political movements, the ANC and its offshoot through which black artists, for whom there were the Pan African Congress (PAC), formed in 1959. few opportunities, now and then emerged. Both movements were banned in 1960 and their Mnyele's work slowly gained a measure of recog‐ leaders forced underground or into exile. With a nition as he was included in exhibitions and invit‐ fine-grained yet light touch that lands on just ed to create the cover for Serote's groundbreaking about every key point of the political events of volume of poetry, Yakhal' Inkomo, in 1972. those years, Wylie sets the scene for Mnyele's Mnyele and his young artist, writer, and musician adult life--a particular life that nevertheless mir‐ friends also created their own opportunities, and 2 H-Net Reviews Wylie here introduces the less well-known, and and attend seminars, workshops.... These are the perhaps largely forgotten, histories of theater actual things which inform and nourish our art‐ groups like Mhloti (Tears), and MDALI (Music, work."[3] Drama, Arts and Literature Institute) that com‐ Mnyele cut short his time at Rorke's Drift and bined performance with politics and brought both returned to Johannesburg and his work at Sached entertainment and consciousness raising to the in 1974. The experience had changed him, and de‐ townships around Johannesburg in a period of ac‐ spite his disenchantment, he appears to have ac‐ tivist theater partly inspired by the successes of quired enhanced draftsmanship skills. His work civil rights movements in the United States. Politi‐ began to take on a new authority, at once subtle cal events and the unrelenting fact of state op‐ and intense. He experimented with new materials pression and control were impossible to separate and techniques to infuse his works with sensa‐ from social and artistic life. tions--the atmospheric feelings and smells of dust Groping to fnd his voice as an artist, Mnyele, and dampness that he would later recommend to who was working as a graphic artist at the Johan‐ his colleague Bongiwe. nesburg education nonprofit Sached, was offered Mnyele's world as well as his art was chang‐ funding to study at the Rorke's Drift Arts and ing in the mid-1970s. Serote left Johannesburg to Crafts Center in rural Natal in 1973. It was one of take up a Fulbright Scholarship in New York, leav‐ the few places black artists could learn a few ing Mnyele to explore new avenues of cama‐ skills and Mnyele took up the offer only to be raderie and intellectual support. On the plus side, deeply disappointed. At Rorke's Drift he felt re‐ Johannesburg eased its local apartheid laws and moved from urban life and the pulse of the coun‐ the city's museums and libraries were opened to try's urgent debates and conflicts, and isolated in blacks, allowing artists like Mnyele to experience a world that came nowhere near what he instinc‐ the collections of the Johannesburg Art Gallery tively knew a true art school ought to be. Mnyele and to explore the holdings of the municipal art li‐ would remain a frm believer in skills training for brary. Almost simultaneously, the capricious artists, setting for himself and others stringently workings of the authorities were manifested in high standards. Even as he turned more directly the arrest and solitary confinement for almost a to the life of a revolutionary, where art for art's year of Mnyele's longtime Mhloti and MDALI asso‐ sake was a luxury to be put aside until the goals of ciate, Molefe Pheto, and although the circum‐ social and political revolution had been achieved, stances were not clear, Wylie reports that Mnyele he wrote in a review of an exhibition of South himself was arrested and held by the police for African artist Bongiwe Dhlomo's work in several days around this time.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • MOLEFE PHETO Facilitator
    Wits Oral History Interviews: MOLEFE PHETO Facilitator: This is an interview with Molefe Pheto, we are in Johannesburg, the date is the 20th of April 2011, and interview is done by Brown Maaba. Thanks very much for your time. You were still talking about when you had this conference in London in 1980; you had nothing in terms of documents. Respondent: Yes, we had nothing, absolutely. You see, when we went out, others went to Europe, Africa, America and England and then we found out that we came from one philosophy but we were not an organization but we were parts of black consciousness movement, and then there was a feeling that we should come together to form an external movement, we did not know what we were going to call ourselves. I think there were attempts at fundraising in different places, somehow anyway those who were doing that got the money and congress was eventually held in London unfortunately because we wanted it in Africa, African countries did not want to touch a congress by blacks who were fighting against racism in South Africa, Kenya being one example. We ended up in London as our host country without any problems. Then there were things like, among others, then we’ll have to have some kind of a document/s to publicise us and particularly to sort of process our ideology, information document, political analysis and things like that, which came out of that congress, I am no more telling about the ins and outs of congress, I am just telling about how to go about being known and doing work, lets say in London but in other regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Rhodes Fallen: Student Activism in Post-Apartheid South Africa
    History in the Making Volume 10 Article 11 January 2017 Rhodes Fallen: Student Activism in Post-Apartheid South Africa Amanda Castro CSUSB Angela Tate CSUSB Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/history-in-the-making Part of the African History Commons Recommended Citation Castro, Amanda and Tate, Angela (2017) "Rhodes Fallen: Student Activism in Post-Apartheid South Africa," History in the Making: Vol. 10 , Article 11. Available at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/history-in-the-making/vol10/iss1/11 This History in the Making is brought to you for free and open access by the History at CSUSB ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in History in the Making by an authorized editor of CSUSB ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. History in the Making Rhodes Fallen: Student Activism in Post-Apartheid South Africa By Amanda Castro and Angela Tate The Cecil Rhodes statue as a contested space. Photo courtesy of BBC News.1 In early March of 2015, the steely gaze of Cecil Rhodes—ardent imperialist, founder of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe and Zambia), and former Prime Minister of the Cape Colony—surveyed the campus of the University of Cape Town (UCT) through a splatter of feces. It had been collected by student Chumani Maxwele from “one of the portable toilets that dot the often turbulent, crowded townships on the windswept plains outside Cape Town.”2 Maxwele’s actions sparked a campus-wide conversation that spread to other campuses in South Africa. They also joined the global conversations about Black Lives Matter; the demands in the United States to remove Confederate flags and commemorations to Confederate heroes, and the names of racists (including President 1 Andrew Harding, “Cecil Rhodes Monument: A Necessary Anger?,” BBC News, April 11, 2015, accessed March 3, 2016, http://www.bbc.com/news/ world-africa-32248605.
    [Show full text]
  • South African Writing in English John C
    Santa Clara University Scholar Commons English College of Arts & Sciences 4-30-1996 South African Writing in English John C. Hawley Santa Clara Univeristy, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.scu.edu/engl Part of the English Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Hawley, J. C. (1996). South African Writing in English. In R. Mohanram and G. Rajan (Eds.), English Postcoloniality: Literatures from Around the World (pp.53-62). Greenwood Press. English Postcoloniality: Literatures from Around the World by Radhika Mohanram, Gita Rajan. Copyright © 1996 by Radhika Mohanram and Gita Rajan. All rights reserved. Reproduced with permission of ABC-CLIO, LLC, Santa Barbara, CA. This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Arts & Sciences at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in English by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. South African Writing in English John C. Hawley As commentators such as Lewis Nkosi and Malvern van Wyk Smith have noted, even though writers from South Africa occasionally engage in an exploration of traditional African values (as has preoccupied the writers of many other countries), their truly characteristic impetus is to focus readers' attention on the conflict between white masters and black servitors. As Bernth Lindfors and Reingard Nethersole have shown, South African writers have had a national obsession to describe in committed detail the practical implications of apartheid, and conse­ quently have produced a literature that is unabashedly didactic. Those who choose to write "metapolitical" fiction are generally attacked as collaborators in injustice.
    [Show full text]
  • The Raid on Gaborone, June 14, 1985: a Memorial
    The Raid on Gaborone, June 14, 1985: A memorial http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.BOTHISP104 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org The Raid on Gaborone, June 14, 1985: A memorial Author/Creator Nyelele, Libero; Drake, Ellen Publisher Libero Nyelele and Ellen Drake Date 1985-14-06 Resource type Pamphlets Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Botswana Coverage (temporal) 1985-1986 Source Northwestern University Libraries, 968.1103.N994r Description Table of Contents: The Raid; The Victims: the Dead; The Injured; Property Damage; Epilogue; Poem: Explosion of Fire; Lithograph: the Day After; Post Script Format extent 40 (length/size) http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.BOTHISP104 http://www.aluka.org 6g 6g M, I THE RA ON GABORONE: JUNE 14 l.985 by Libero Nyelele and Ellen Drake n 0**.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Zimbabwe Departments of Economics Law Political and Administrative Studies
    UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE DEPARTMENTS OF ECONOMICS LAW POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE STUDIES Paper 1 FRONTLINE STATES AND SOUTHERN AFRICAN REGIONAL RESPONSE fFO SOUTH AFRICAN ARMED AGRESSION by K Makamure and R Loewenson University of Zimbabwe INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR SERIES SEMINAR ON SOUTHERN AFRICAN RESPONSES TO IMPERIALISM ii HARARE 22-24 APRIL 1987 FRONTLINE STATES .AND SOUTHERN AFRICAN REGIONAL .RESPONSE TO SOUTH' AFRICAN ARMED AGGRESS ION - - A ' SIt Jd T' IN ’ WAR AND STRATEGY IN SOUTHERN AFRICA by CUES K. MAKAMURE AND R .LOEWENSON WAR AS A CONTINUATION OF POLITICS BY OTHER MEANS "War is the highest form of struggle for resolving contradictions, when they have developed to a certain stage, between classes, nations , states, or political groups, and it has existed ever since the emergence of private property and of classes ."(1) This great classic statement sums up the historical and dialectical materialist, conception of war and armed struggle held and developed by the great proletarian leaders and theoreticians of the world communist movement namely: Marx, Engels and Lenin. This underslanding of war as a phenomenon was also similarly understood by the early 19th Century German military scholar, Karl von ^Clausewitz who in his book, "On War" , defined war as, "an act of violence intended to compel our opponent to fulfill our will." Clausewitz further classified war as " belonging to the province of social life. It is a conflict of great interests which is settled by bloodshed, and only in that is it different from others." In addition, Clausewitz also viewed political aims as the end and war as the means and in stressing this dialectical link he wrote: t "War is nothing else than the continuation of state policy by different means." On this he elaborated thus: "War is not only a political act but a real political instrument, a continuation of political transactions, an accomplishment of these by different means.
    [Show full text]
  • South Africa & Botswana Tour Booklet
    YARM SCHOOL RUGBY TOUR South Africa and Botswana 2013 CONTENTS PAGE 2 Table of Contents 3 Code of Conduct 4 - 8 Rugby Tour Final Information 9 Flight Information 10 - 22 Tour itinerary 23 - 26 Hotel Information 27 - 37 South Africa Fact Sheets 38 - 45 Botswana Fact Sheets 46 - 50 Team Sheets 2 Code of Conduct Throughout the tour it is important for the entire tour party to remember that at all times they will be acting as ambassadors for Yarm School during the whole trip. Naturally, this includes time spent at airports, on the journeys, with host families, during free time as well as during games. People will judge the school and England more generally, on our appearance, demeanour and attitude. We expect pupils to be smartly turned out at all times, to be proud to be on tour with the School and to be keen to make a favourable impression. Normal School rules will apply. That is to say that we expect no foul language; alcohol, smoking, drugs and pornography remain banned as they are in School and pupils should remember that they are on a School trip with their teachers. It is important that pupils and parents understand that any serious transgression of these expectations and rules will result in disciplinary consequences. We hope very much that it will not be necessary to discipline tourists, either on the trip or when the party returns to School. Very serious misbehaviour could result in a pupil being sent back at parental expense. It goes without saying that nobody on the trip wants to exercise this right.
    [Show full text]
  • Black Consciousness and the Politics of Writing the Nation in South Africa
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Birmingham Research Archive, E-theses Repository Black Consciousness and the Politics of Writing the Nation in South Africa by Thomas William Penfold A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of African Studies and Anthropology School of History and Cultures College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham May 2013 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract Since the transition from apartheid, there has been much discussion of the possibilities for the emergence of a truly ‘national’ literature in South Africa. This thesis joins the debate by arguing that Black Consciousness, a movement that began in the late 1960s, provided the intellectual framework both for understanding how a national culture would develop and for recognising it when it emerged. Black Consciousness posited a South Africa where formerly competing cultures sat comfortably together. This thesis explores whether such cultural equality has been achieved. Does contemporary literature harmoniously deploy different cultural idioms simultaneously? By analysing Black writing, mainly poetry, from the 1970s through to the present, the study traces the stages of development preceding the emergence of a possible ‘national’ literature and argues that the dominant art versus politics binary needs to be reconsidered.
    [Show full text]
  • Fanonian Practices in South Africa from Steve Biko to Abahlali Basemjondolo
    Fanonian practices in South Africa From Steve Biko to Abahlali baseMjondolo Nigel C. Gibson i First published in 2011 in South Africa by University of KwaZulu-Natal Press Private Bag X01 Scottsville, 3209 South Africa Email: [email protected] Website: www.ukznpress.co.za © 2011 Nigel C. Gibson All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. ISBN: 978-1-86914-197-4 (University of KwaZulu-Natal Press) Managing editor: Sally Hines Editor: Mary Ralphs Typesetter: Patricia Comrie Proofreader: Lisa Compton Indexer: Abdul Bemath Cover design: publicide Every effort has been made to trace the copyright holder of the photograph of Frantz Fanon reproduced on the cover of this book. First edition: 2011 Printed and bound by Interpak Books, Pietermaritzburg Published in 2011 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States – a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. ISBN: 978-0-230-11784-6 (Palgrave Macmillan) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the Library of Congress. A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library.
    [Show full text]
  • Botswana • South Africa High Commission in Botswana – Gaborone
    NEWS FROM BOTSWANA • SOUTH AFRICA HIGH COMMISSION IN BOTSWANA – GABORONE NEWS FROM BOTSWANA SOUTH AFRICAN HIGH COMMISSION IN GABORONE Newsletter - News From Botswana • Volume 1 • Issue 1 PRESIDENT ZUMA ATTENDS SADC DOUBLE TROIKA SUMMIT IN GABORONE resident Jacob Zuma attended the Double Troika Summit of the Heads of State and Government Pof the Southern African Development Community (SADC) which was held in Gaborone, Republic of Botswana on 18 January 2016. Also in attendance was the Deputy President Mr Cyril Ramaphosa in his capacity as the SADC facilitator in Lesotho and the Minister of International Relations His Exellency President Jacob Zuma at the Gaborone and Cooperation, Ms Maite Nkoana- International Convention Centre Mashabane and Senior Officials. Contents High Commission hosts Michael Dingake’s 2 book launch ZK Matthews Colloquium 6 Nelson Mandela International Day 11 SA High Commission His Exellency President Jacob Zuma and the Minister in Gaborone hosts SA 14 of Mineral, Energy & Water Resources - Botswana Hon. Business Council Kitso Mokaila and the SA High Commissioner, HE Mr. Mdu Lembede 1 NEWS FROM BOTSWANA • SOUTH AFRICA HIGH COMMISSION IN BOTSWANA – GABORONE HIGH COMMISSION HOSTS MR MICHAEL DINGAKE’S BOOK LAUNCH 1 2 3 1: The keynote speaker Mr Max Sisulu addressing the audience. 2: SA High Commissioner Mr Mdu Lembede with Mr Max Sisulu 3: Ambassador of Cuba to Botswana, Mr Max Sisulu, Mr Michael Dingake he High launched at the Nelson Commission Mandela Foundation in hosted the Johannesburg and the Tlaunch of Mr Sol Plaatjie Foundation Michael Dingake’s third in Kimberley. The book book titled “Better to die gives an overview of on one’s feet”.
    [Show full text]
  • Kgosi Linchwe II, the Bakgatla and Botswana in the South African Liberation Struggle, 1948
    This article was downloaded by: [Cambridge University Library] On: 28 April 2015, At: 04:36 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Journal of Southern African Studies Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cjss20 Chiefly Power in a Frontline State: Kgosi Linchwe II, the Bakgatla and Botswana in the South African Liberation Struggle, 1948–1994 Louisa Cantwella a Faculty of History, University of Cambridge; Macmillan Center for International and Area Studies, Yale University Published online: 16 Mar 2015. Click for updates To cite this article: Louisa Cantwell (2015) Chiefly Power in a Frontline State: Kgosi Linchwe II, the Bakgatla and Botswana in the South African Liberation Struggle, 1948–1994, Journal of Southern African Studies, 41:2, 255-272, DOI: 10.1080/03057070.2015.1012910 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057070.2015.1012910 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Versions of published Taylor & Francis and Routledge Open articles and Taylor & Francis and Routledge Open Select articles posted to institutional or subject repositories or any other third-party website are without warranty from Taylor & Francis of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement.
    [Show full text]
  • Victim Findings ABRAHAMS, Derrek (30), a Street Committee Me M B E R, Was Shot Dead by Members of the SAP at Gelvandale, Port Elizabeth, on 3 September 1990
    Vo l u m e S E V E N ABRAHAMS, Ashraf (7), was shot and injured by members of the Railway Police on 15 October 1985 in Athlone, in the TRO J A N HOR S EI N C I D E N T , CAP E TOW N . Victim findings ABRAHAMS, Derrek (30), a street committee me m b e r, was shot dead by members of the SAP at Gelvandale, Port Elizabeth, on 3 September 1990. ■ ABRAHAMS, John (18) (aka 'Gaika'), an MK member, Unknown victims went into exile in 1968. His family last heard from him Many unnamed and unknown South Africans were the in 1975 and has received conflicting information from victims of gross violations of human rights during the the ANC reg a rding his fate. The Commission was Co m m i s s i o n ’s mandate period. Their stories came to unable to establish what happened to Mr Abrahams, the Commission in the stories of other victims and in but he is presumed dead. the accounts of perpetrators of violations. ABRAHAMS, Moegsien (23), was stabbed and stoned to death by a group of UDF supporters in Mitchells Like other victims of political conflict and violence in Plain, Cape Town, on 25 May 1986, during a UDF rally South Africa, they experienced suffering and injury. wh e re it was alleged that he was an informe r. UDF Some died, some lost their homes. Many experienced leaders attempted to shield him from attack but Mr the loss of friends, family members and a livelihood.
    [Show full text]
  • Botswana Arrests 2 South Africans in Clash
    Page 1 135 of 222 DOCUMENTS The New York Times June 22, 1988, Wednesday, Late City Final Edition Botswana Arrests 2 South Africans in Clash BYLINE: Special to the New York Times SECTION: Section A; Page 12, Column 5; Foreign Desk LENGTH: 220 words DATELINE: JOHANNESBURG, June 21 The Botswana police arrested two white South African commandos early today after a gun battle in which three policemen were wounded, the Government of the neighboring black-ruled nation said today. A statement said the South African commandos opened fire on the Botswana police after the officers surprised them near a railroad line at Kgale mission, 12 miles south of Gaborone, the capital, near the border with South Africa. Botswana authorities said the commandos, whom they identified as Cpl. Johannes Basson, 25 years old, and Theodore Hermanhen, 30, were planning a raid on Gaborone. The statement said one of the policemen wounded was in critical condition. Botswana's President, Quett K. Masire, accused South Africa of an ''act of state terrorism.'' The Pretoria Government's forces have launched raids into Botswana each year for the last four years, ostensibly to strike at targets of the outlawed African National Congress. Botswana denies that it provides transit facilities to the guerrillas. The South African military said in a statement tonight that an army patrol engaged in a mission against African National Congress guerrillas was involved in a ''skirmish'' with Botswana police early today. It added that the men had been gathering information in connection with suspected infiltrators. LANGUAGE: ENGLISH Copyright 1988 The New York Times Company.
    [Show full text]