DOCSLIB.ORG

The Raid on Gaborone, June 14, 1985: a Memorial

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Raid on Gaborone, June 14, 1985: a Memorial The Raid on Gaborone, June 14, 1985: A memorial http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.BOTHISP104 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org The Raid on Gaborone, June 14, 1985: A memorial Author/Creator Nyelele, Libero; Drake, Ellen Publisher Libero Nyelele and Ellen Drake Date 1985-14-06 Resource type Pamphlets Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Botswana Coverage (temporal) 1985-1986 Source Northwestern University Libraries, 968.1103.N994r Description Table of Contents: The Raid; The Victims: the Dead; The Injured; Property Damage; Epilogue; Poem: Explosion of Fire; Lithograph: the Day After; Post Script Format extent 40 (length/size) http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.BOTHISP104 http://www.aluka.org 6g 6g M, I THE RA ON GABORONE: JUNE 14 l.985 by Libero Nyelele and Ellen Drake n 0**. , b t, t 0 0 -.#. e THE RAID ON GABORONE: JUNE 14, 1985 A Memorial/ by Libero Nyelele and Ellen Drake Published in Gaborone, Botswana, June 14, 1986, by the authors. Acknowledgements: We would like to acknowledge, with thanks, the many organizations and individuals who contributed to the publication of this book. Proceeds from the sale of the books will go to pay the costs of publication; profits, if any, will go to the June 14th Rebuilding Fund, to be used to aid victims of South African aggression against Botswana. CONTENTS The Raid. The Victims: The Dead. The Injured. Property Damage. Epilogue. Poem: Explosion of Fire. Lithograph: Post Script. The Day After. THE RAID ON GABORONE: JUNE 14, 1985 1985 was not a good year for Gaborone. One could say it was the year the small, southern African capital lost its innocence. Until recently, the most notable thing about Gaborone was its phenomenal growth rate. It is said to be the fastest-growing capital in Africa, and possibly in the world. From a population of 3,855 in 1964, two years before Botswana's independence, to an estimated 70,000 in 1985, the small dusty country village burgeoned and sprawled into what was well on its way to being a metropolis. New businesses popped up weekly, housing complexes appeared almost over night, and the once empty streets and shopping malls filled with people. "Development" was what Gaborone was all about, and even with the drop in diamond prices, and drought and foot and mouth disease affecting the livestock industry, most people in" the capital were primarily interested in getting a share of its prosperity. Business thrived, and the country's stable, multi-party democracy was an international show-piece. When the South African army raided Maseru, Lesotho, in 1983, killing more than forty people, there were some fears that Botswana might be the next target. But others believed it unlikely, and one man said, "Botswana is the darling of the international community. The South Africans would not risk angering the rest of the world by launching an attack on Botswana." But Pretoria, either insensitive to world opinion, or disregarding it for reasons known to itself, ignored the international outcry and three times during 1985 attacked targets in Gaborone.* *A fourth bomb blast that occurred in the village of Mochudi, 44 km. north of Gaborone, killed four people and injured two on Saturday, November 16. No one claimed responsibility for the blast. The dead were Mr Ramontsho Ralefala, aged 32; Miss Charity Mokoko, aged 21; Mmilo Molotsi, aged 6; Tumelo Molotsi, aged 1. The first instance happened on February 13, when a bomb destroyed the home of South African refugees living in the Jinja section (a suburb) of Gaborone. Refugee Nat Serache had noticed a number of South African registered vehicles in town, however, and he anticipated trouble. South African refugees can never afford to relax. Mr Serache sent his wife and children to stay with friends while he himself remained alert and watchful in their house in Jinja. When the raiders came to his house, he slipped out the back door and narrowly escaped death when his home was reduced to rubble by a bomb. Not so fortunate was Nathan Moagi Moeketsi, who lost his life in a singularly gruesome fashion around ten o'clock in the morning on May 14. The Botswana DAILY NEWS, a tabloid published by the Botswana government, reported that he "was torn to pieces together with his car by a powerful bomb blast .... In what eye-witnesses described as the most horried" (sic) "spectacle seen in this capital for many years, the man's body was blown into pieces, while shrapnel from the ill-fated sedan were sent flying in all directions." He was 29 years old, and had married another South African exile only six months before his death. His young bride was in their flat when her husband met his death. She will have, for the rest of her life, the memory of kissing her husband goodbye as he left the flat to go to town, and seconds later, hearing and feeling the explosion which blew him to fragments. Still, Gaborone residents thought these were isolated incidents, attempts by Pretoria to eliminate specific individuals whom they suspected of actively plotting against the apartheid system. The raid of June 14 shattered that illusion, and along with it, the peace and security of Gaborone. THE BOTSWANA GUARDIAN, a bi-weekly private newspaper, reported on June 19: "'The hell started at about half past one on the morning of Friday the fourteenth of June. Some time earlier, a convoy of twelve white Datsun E20 kombis and six Ford Cortina vans had rumbled across the border, somewhere in the region of the Tlokweng gate. Behind them, it is rumoured, waited a back-up force of tanks and armoured vehicles in case the operation should run into trouble ...." "At the Tlokweng circle, the vehicles split up. Each had its target; a so-called 'terrorist base.' Oncoming traffic was met with loudhailer shouts of "Gaan terug'" (turn back, in Afrikaans) reinforced by threats to open fire on those drivers who disobeyed. Parts of the road were seeded with thousands of pyramid-shaped twists of wire designed to shred tyres. Then the killers got down to business." (THE BOTSWANA GUARDIAN, Wednesday, 19 June 1985, article by Gwen A nsell). The same newspaper showed a map of Gaborone, with the targets marked on it: "1. Behind Tuyli Court. Nkulu Motsweni, killed; Elena Motsweni, injured. Busiziew (10) injured. 2. & 3. Tsholofelo and Tshweneng. George and Lindiwe Phahle, killed. Joseph Malaza, killed; Basi Amos Zondi, killed. 4. Maru-a-Pula: Duke Machobane, killed; Peter 'Pat' Mofoka (6), killed. 5. Extension 10. Michael Hamlyn, killed; Ahmed Mohammed Gheer, killed; Roeli Gheer, injured. 6. Bontleng. House flattened. 7. Village. Kelape Kesupile (19) and Eugenia Kobole, killed. 8. Madirelo. Solidarity News Service, offices wrecked. 9. & 10. Tlokweng. One house wrecked. Thamsanqa Mnyele, killed; Moitse Botshelo, injured; 'Prince,' injured." (THE BOTSWANA GUARDIAN, 19 June 1985.) Meanwhile, South African Foreign Minister Pik Botha stated that "The South African Security Forces had no alternative but to protect South Africa and its people from the increasing number of terrorist attacks emanating from Botswana .... " (Quoted in THE STAR, June 14, 1985, p. 3A) Chief of Staff of the SADF, General Constand Viljoen, said that the targets were ten African National Congress hideaways where the inhabitants formed the "control centre of the ANC's Transvaal sabotage organisation." (Ibid., p 1). Not all, even among white South Africans, saw the situation that way. In: an editorial in the same newspaper, Barry Jammy, chairman of the Witwatersrand region of the Lawyers for Human Rights, commented that within South Africa a day when there is not any unrest or violence is more note-worthy than the fact that the struggle has been going on for decades. And another man, in a letter to the editor (THE STAR, June 25, 1985) said: "Botswana is a country I have grown extemely fond of through my frequent business visits there. "In a turbulent continent it has long been a model of peace and non-racial democracy. "'That the SADF should have blasted its way through Gaborone, wounding and killing as many Batswana (and Dutch) civilians and children as it killed ANC supporters, I find, well, just horrible. "'As it is a small town, there are not many secrets in Gaborone (population 70,000). I find it difficult to believe that a hand-grenade training school existed in one of its backyards. "Nor am I convinced that the Botswana government, which has shown such prudence in our troubled subcontinent, would have turned a blind eye to such activities. "I do note that the justification for the raid came from the same SADF that has frequently lied about its affairs - the recent Angolan 'withdrawal' and Cabinda incident being the latest example.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vital Statistics 2015 1 2
    STATISTICS VITAL 2015 2 Fax: 3952201 Private Bag 0024, Gaborone. 3671300 1 Tel: [email protected] E-mail: Website: http://www.statsbots.org.bw VITAL STATISTICS REPORT 2015 21 4 194347895 VITAL STATISTICS REPORT 2015 Published by Statistics Botswana Private bag 0024, Gaborone Website: www.statsbots.org.bw E-mail: [email protected] Contact: Crime, Civil and Vital Statistics Unit Tel: (267) 3718148 Fax: (267) 3952201 (267)3935628 August 2017 COPYRIGHT RESERVED Extracts may be published if source Is duly acknowledged 2 VITAL STATISTICS REPORT 2015 Preface This is the fifth issue of the Vital Statistics Report produced by the Crime and Vital Statistics unit of Statistics Botswana. The report is intended to provide a quick reference to some basic population indicators as well as the performance of Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) in the country. The report is organized in three parts, i) Births, ii) Marriages and iii) Deaths. Events analysed in the report include all occurrences within the borders of the country irrespective of citienship. The tables and figures in this publication are based on information collected from registrations of births, deaths, and marriages, as registered by the Department of Civil and National Registration (CNR) in 2015. The publication is a result of a collaborative effort between Statistics Botswana and the Department of Civil and National Registration of the Ministry of Nationality, Immigration and Gender Affairs. The collaboration has resulted in continual improvement in the quality of vital event data and the quality of this report. A.N Majelantle Statistician General August 2017 3 VITAL STATISTICS REPORT 2015 3 VITAL STATISTICS REPORT 2015 Table of Contents List of Tables........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Parliamentary Constituency Offices
    REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA THE PARLIAMENTARY CONSTITUENCY OFFICES Parliament of Botswana P O Box 240 Gaborone Tel: 3616800 Fax: 3913103 Toll Free; 0800 600 927 e - mail: [email protected] www.parliament.gov.bw Introduction Mmathethe-Molapowabojang Mochudi East Mochudi West P O Box 101 Mmathethe P O Box 2397 Mochudi P O Box 201951 Ntshinoge Representative democracy can only function effectively if the Members of Tel: 5400251 Fax: 5400080 Tel: 5749411 Fax: 5749989 Tel: 5777084 Fax: 57777943 Parliament are accessible, responsive and accountable to their constituents. Mogoditshane Molepolole North Molepolole South The mandate of a Constituency Office is to act as an extension of Parliament P/Bag 008 Mogoditshane P O Box 449 Molepolole P O Box 3573 Molepolole at constituency level. They exist to play this very important role of bringing Tel: 3915826 Fax: 3165803 Tel: 5921099 Fax: 5920074 Tel: 3931785 Fax: 3931785 Parliament and Members of Parliament close to the communities they serve. Moshupa-Manyana Nata-Gweta Ngami A constituency office is a Parliamentary office located at the headquarters of P O Box 1105 Moshupa P/Bag 27 Sowa Town P/Bag 2 Sehithwa Tel: 5448140 Fax: 5448139 Tel: 6213756 Fax: 6213240 Tel: 6872105/123 each constituency for use by a Member of Parliament (MP) to carry out his or Fax: 6872106 her Parliamentary work in the constituency. It is a formal and politically neutral Nkange Okavango Palapye place where a Member of Parliament and constituents can meet and discuss P/Bag 3 Tutume P O Box 69 Shakawe P O Box 10582 Palapye developmental issues. Tel: 2987717 Fax: 2987293 Tel: 6875257/230 Tel: 4923475 Fax: 4924231 Fax: 6875258 The offices must be treated strictly as Parliamentary offices and must therefore Ramotswa Sefhare-Ramokgonami Selibe Phikwe East be used for Parliamentary business and not political party business.
    [Show full text]
  • Land Tenure Reforms and Social Transformation in Botswana: Implications for Urbanization
    Land Tenure Reforms and Social Transformation in Botswana: Implications for Urbanization. Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Ijagbemi, Bayo, 1963- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 06/10/2021 17:13:55 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/196133 LAND TENURE REFORMS AND SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION IN BOTSWANA: IMPLICATIONS FOR URBANIZATION by Bayo Ijagbemi ____________________ Copyright © Bayo Ijagbemi 2006 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2006 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Bayo Ijagbemi entitled “Land Reforms and Social Transformation in Botswana: Implications for Urbanization” and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 10 November 2006 Dr Thomas Park _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 10 November 2006 Dr Stephen Lansing _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 10 November 2006 Dr David Killick _______________________________________________________________________ Date: 10 November 2006 Dr Mamadou Baro Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement.
    [Show full text]
  • 2011 Population & Housing Census Preliminary Results Brief
    2011 Population & Housing Census Preliminary Results Brief For further details contact Census Office, Private Bag 0024 Gaborone: Tel 3188500; Fax 3188610 1. Botswana Population at 2 Million Botswana’s population has reached the 2 million mark. Preliminary results show that there were 2 038 228 persons enumerated in Botswana during the 2011 Population and Housing Census, compared with 1 680 863 enumerated in 2001. Suffice to note that this is the de-facto population – persons enumerated where they were found during enumeration. 2. General Comments on the Results 2.1 Population Growth The annual population growth rate 1 between 2001 and 2011 is 1.9 percent. This gives further evidence to the effect that Botswana’s population continues to increase at diminishing growth rates. Suffice to note that inter-census annual population growth rates for decennial censuses held from 1971 to 2001 were 4.6, 3.5 and 2.4 percent respectively. A close analysis of the results shows that it has taken 28 years for Botswana’s population to increase by one million. At the current rate and furthermore, with the current conditions 2 prevailing, it would take 23 years for the population to increase by another million - to reach 3 million. Marked differences are visible in district population annual growths, with estimated zero 3 growth for Selebi-Phikwe and Lobatse and a rate of over 4 percent per annum for South East District. Most district growth rates hover around 2 percent per annum. High growth rates in Kweneng and South East Districts have been observed, due largely to very high growth rates of villages within the proximity of Gaborone.
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of Cultural Conservatism in Colonial Botswana: Queen Seingwaeng's Zionist Campaign in the Bakgatla Reserve, 1937-1947
    The African e-Journals Project has digitized full text of articles of eleven social science and humanities journals. This item is from the digital archive maintained by Michigan State University Library. Find more at: http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/africanjournals/ Available through a partnership with Scroll down to read the article. Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies, vo1.12, nos.1 & 2 (1998) The politics of cultural conservatism in colonial Botswana: Queen Seingwaeng's Zionist campaign in the Bakgatla Reserve, 1937-1947 Fred Morton Loras College, Iowa, & University of Pretoria Abstract Studies of Christian Zionist churches in southern Africa have suggested that they were non-political. This paper puts the growth of Zionism among the BaKgatla in the context of local political struggles and the life of Queen Seingwaeng, mother of Chief Molefi. She was politically important from the 1910s until the 1960s, articulating the views of ordinary people otherwise considered politically helpless. She led popular opposition to the ''progressive'' authoritarianism of Regent 1sang, promoting the restoration of her son Molefi to chieftainship through religious movements in the 1930s-andjoining the Zion Christian Church in 1938. However, by 1947, Seingwaeng and the Zionists were seen as a political threat by Molefi and the ruling elite, who expelled them from BaKgatla territory. Molefi was reconciled with his mother in 1955, but she did not return home to Mochudi until 1967, nine years after his death. In 1947, Queen Mother Seingwaeng was beaten in public by her son Molefi, kgosi (king) of the BaKgatla, for refusing to abandon the Zion Christian Church (ZCC).
    [Show full text]
  • University of Zimbabwe Departments of Economics Law Political and Administrative Studies
    UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE DEPARTMENTS OF ECONOMICS LAW POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE STUDIES Paper 1 FRONTLINE STATES AND SOUTHERN AFRICAN REGIONAL RESPONSE fFO SOUTH AFRICAN ARMED AGRESSION by K Makamure and R Loewenson University of Zimbabwe INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR SERIES SEMINAR ON SOUTHERN AFRICAN RESPONSES TO IMPERIALISM ii HARARE 22-24 APRIL 1987 FRONTLINE STATES .AND SOUTHERN AFRICAN REGIONAL .RESPONSE TO SOUTH' AFRICAN ARMED AGGRESS ION - - A ' SIt Jd T' IN ’ WAR AND STRATEGY IN SOUTHERN AFRICA by CUES K. MAKAMURE AND R .LOEWENSON WAR AS A CONTINUATION OF POLITICS BY OTHER MEANS "War is the highest form of struggle for resolving contradictions, when they have developed to a certain stage, between classes, nations , states, or political groups, and it has existed ever since the emergence of private property and of classes ."(1) This great classic statement sums up the historical and dialectical materialist, conception of war and armed struggle held and developed by the great proletarian leaders and theoreticians of the world communist movement namely: Marx, Engels and Lenin. This underslanding of war as a phenomenon was also similarly understood by the early 19th Century German military scholar, Karl von ^Clausewitz who in his book, "On War" , defined war as, "an act of violence intended to compel our opponent to fulfill our will." Clausewitz further classified war as " belonging to the province of social life. It is a conflict of great interests which is settled by bloodshed, and only in that is it different from others." In addition, Clausewitz also viewed political aims as the end and war as the means and in stressing this dialectical link he wrote: t "War is nothing else than the continuation of state policy by different means." On this he elaborated thus: "War is not only a political act but a real political instrument, a continuation of political transactions, an accomplishment of these by different means.
    [Show full text]
  • Geographical Names Standardization BOTSWANA GEOGRAPHICAL
    SCALE 1 : 2 000 000 BOTSWANA GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES 20°0'0"E 22°0'0"E 24°0'0"E 26°0'0"E 28°0'0"E Kasane e ! ob Ch S Ngoma Bridge S " ! " 0 0 ' ' 0 0 ° Geographical Names ° ! 8 !( 8 1 ! 1 Parakarungu/ Kavimba ti Mbalakalungu ! ± n !( a Kakulwane Pan y K n Ga-Sekao/Kachikaubwe/Kachikabwe Standardization w e a L i/ n d d n o a y ba ! in m Shakawe Ngarange L ! zu ! !(Ghoha/Gcoha Gate we !(! Ng Samochema/Samochima Mpandamatenga/ This map highlights numerous places with Savute/Savuti Chobe National Park !(! Pandamatenga O Gudigwa te ! ! k Savu !( !( a ! v Nxamasere/Ncamasere a n a CHOBE DISTRICT more than one or varying names. The g Zweizwe Pan o an uiq !(! ag ! Sepupa/Sepopa Seronga M ! Savute Marsh Tsodilo !(! Gonutsuga/Gonitsuga scenario is influenced by human-centric Xau dum Nxauxau/Nxaunxau !(! ! Etsha 13 Jao! events based on governance or culture. achira Moan i e a h hw a k K g o n B Cakanaca/Xakanaka Mababe Ta ! u o N r o Moremi Wildlife Reserve Whether the place name is officially X a u ! G Gumare o d o l u OKAVANGO DELTA m m o e ! ti g Sankuyo o bestowed or adopted circumstantially, Qangwa g ! o !(! M Xaxaba/Cacaba B certain terminology in usage Nokaneng ! o r o Nxai National ! e Park n Shorobe a e k n will prevail within a society a Xaxa/Caecae/Xaixai m l e ! C u a n !( a d m a e a a b S c b K h i S " a " e a u T z 0 d ih n D 0 ' u ' m w NGAMILAND DISTRICT y ! Nxai Pan 0 m Tsokotshaa/Tsokatshaa 0 Gcwihabadu C T e Maun ° r ° h e ! 0 0 Ghwihaba/ ! a !( o 2 !( i ata Mmanxotae/Manxotae 2 g Botet N ! Gcwihaba e !( ! Nxharaga/Nxaraga !(! Maitengwe
    [Show full text]
  • New List of Archaeologists 2019.Pdf
    P Department of National Museum Monument and Art Gallery 331 Independence Avenue Gaborone, Botswana Private Bag 00114 Tel: (267) 3974616 (267) 3610400 Fax: (267) 3902797 Email: [email protected] Website: www.national- museum.gov.bw A LIST OF APPROVED ARCHAEOLOGISTS 2019 Our reference Dr Alfred Tsheboeng Dr Alinah Segobye P.O. Box 2789 University of Botswana Gaborone International Finance Park P/Bag 0022, Gaborone Plot 128,Kgale Court, Unit 8, Gaborone Tel: 3162036 Cel: 71374291 Tel: 3552281 Cel: 71625018 e-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Catrien Van Waarden Dr Nick Walker Marope Research Achilles Investments Pty Ltd P.O. Box 910, Francistown Gaborone Tel: 2414257 Cell: 71378415 Email: [email protected] [email protected] P. Sekgarametso-Modikwa Pena Monageng Archaeological Resources Management Services Ditso Archaeological Surveys P.O. Box 601271 P/Bag 0029, suit no 285 Gaborone Postnet Mogoditshane Tel: 3922289 cell: 71653378 Tel: 3552267 Cell: 71728860 Fax: 3922289 Fax: 3938757 Email: [email protected] Mr. O.J. NOKO Mr. Donald Mookodi Crystal Touch (Pty) Ltd Geoarch Investment Pty Ltd Postnet Kgale View P.O. Box 10111 P/Bag 351 suite 418 Gaborone Gaborone, Botswana Tel: (5442552 Cell: 71710397 Cell: 72202884 Fax: 3975566 Email: [email protected]/ 1 Email: [email protected] [email protected] Mr. Oscar Motsumi Nyatsego L. Baeletsi Watershed (Pty) Ltd Kgato-Go-Ya-Pele (Pty) Ltd P.O. Box 3347 P.O. Box 202850 Gaborone, Botswana Gaborone Tel: (09267) 316400/3699840 Tel/Fax: 3185133 Cel: 71676356 Cel: (09267) 71313089/74222285 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] motsumio@botsnet-bw Dr Susan O.
    [Show full text]
  • South Africa & Botswana Tour Booklet
    YARM SCHOOL RUGBY TOUR South Africa and Botswana 2013 CONTENTS PAGE 2 Table of Contents 3 Code of Conduct 4 - 8 Rugby Tour Final Information 9 Flight Information 10 - 22 Tour itinerary 23 - 26 Hotel Information 27 - 37 South Africa Fact Sheets 38 - 45 Botswana Fact Sheets 46 - 50 Team Sheets 2 Code of Conduct Throughout the tour it is important for the entire tour party to remember that at all times they will be acting as ambassadors for Yarm School during the whole trip. Naturally, this includes time spent at airports, on the journeys, with host families, during free time as well as during games. People will judge the school and England more generally, on our appearance, demeanour and attitude. We expect pupils to be smartly turned out at all times, to be proud to be on tour with the School and to be keen to make a favourable impression. Normal School rules will apply. That is to say that we expect no foul language; alcohol, smoking, drugs and pornography remain banned as they are in School and pupils should remember that they are on a School trip with their teachers. It is important that pupils and parents understand that any serious transgression of these expectations and rules will result in disciplinary consequences. We hope very much that it will not be necessary to discipline tourists, either on the trip or when the party returns to School. Very serious misbehaviour could result in a pupil being sent back at parental expense. It goes without saying that nobody on the trip wants to exercise this right.
    [Show full text]
  • Black Consciousness and the Politics of Writing the Nation in South Africa
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Birmingham Research Archive, E-theses Repository Black Consciousness and the Politics of Writing the Nation in South Africa by Thomas William Penfold A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of African Studies and Anthropology School of History and Cultures College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham May 2013 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract Since the transition from apartheid, there has been much discussion of the possibilities for the emergence of a truly ‘national’ literature in South Africa. This thesis joins the debate by arguing that Black Consciousness, a movement that began in the late 1960s, provided the intellectual framework both for understanding how a national culture would develop and for recognising it when it emerged. Black Consciousness posited a South Africa where formerly competing cultures sat comfortably together. This thesis explores whether such cultural equality has been achieved. Does contemporary literature harmoniously deploy different cultural idioms simultaneously? By analysing Black writing, mainly poetry, from the 1970s through to the present, the study traces the stages of development preceding the emergence of a possible ‘national’ literature and argues that the dominant art versus politics binary needs to be reconsidered.
    [Show full text]
  • Botswana Non-Profits
    Botswana Non-Profits Note that other than the Botswana-UPenn Partnership, we do not endorse any of the following agencies. They are listed for information purposes only as non-profit organizations that may accept volunteers. Botswana-UPenn Partnership Location: Gaborone, Botswana Mission: To help build capacity in, clinical care, education, and research. Volunteer positions: clinical researchers Contact: Andrew Steenhoff, MD [email protected] Bana ba Keletso Orphan Day Care Centre Location: Molepolole, Botswana Mission: The broad based goal of the Centre is to support the children in the community who are orphaned. This involves providing them with the necessary skills, information, and training to reduce the psychological and social effects of being orphaned, and to reduce the risk of HIV/AIDS infection. The Centre's serves as a feeding centre, preschool and centre for school going children where they can receive counseling, as well as support for school work and mentorship. Volunteer positions: Contact: http://www.orfundfoundation.com/programs/ Elephants Without Borders Location: Kasane, Botswana Mission: Elephants Without Borders is a charitable organization dedicated to conserving wildlife and natural resources; through innovative research, education, and information sharing with all people. Volunteer positions: Contact: Michael Chase Phone/Fax: ++267 625-0202 New York State Affiliate office: EWB, Inc. 168 S. Marlin Rd., Grand Island, NY 14072, USA Phone: 001 (716) 773-1012 http://www.elephantswithoutborders.org/ Flying Mission Location: Gaborone, Botswana Mission: Flying mission serves by facilitating the spread of the Gospel of Jesus Christ through aviation, training and care ministries in Botswana, Zambia, and surrounding areas. Volunteer positions: Nurses / Fundraising / IT / Web design / Support / HR / Marketing etc.
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey of Water Loss in Ramotswa, Botswana
    A SURVEY OF WATER LOSSES THE CASE OF THE RAMOTSWA VILLAGE IN BOTSWANA Ezekiel Kholoma August 2011 TRITA-LWR Degree Project 11:37 ISSN 1651-064X LWR-EX-11-37 Ezekiel Kholoma TRITA LWR Degree Project 11:37 © Ezekiel Kholoma 2011 Masters level Degree Project Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 STOCKHOLM, Sweden Reference should be written as: Kholoma, E (2011) “A Survey of Water Losses – The Case of The Ramotswa Village in Botswana” TRITA LWR Degree Project 11:37 ii A survey of water losses – The case of the Ramotswa village in Botswana SAMMANFATTNING (SUMMARY IN SWEDISH) Vattenrelaterade problem i större befolkningscentra i Botswana fortsätter oavbrutet att växa. Problemen kan hänföras till snabbt växande vattenbehov, minskade vattentillgångar, söderfallande infrastruktur och vattenförluster. Flera rapporter visar att p.g.a. det växande problemet att förse alla med dricksvatten har vattenansvariga satsat mest på öka tillgångarna och mindre på att spara och skydda vattenresurserna. Den senaste ombyggnaden av Dikgathlongreservoaren är ett sådant exempel. Emellertid förloras en stor del av vattnet under distributionen inom många områden. De högsta förlusterna har rapporterats från Ramotswa. Den här studien gjordes för att undersöka faktor och orsaker till vattenförluster i Ramotswa med syftet att förbättra distributionssystemets effektivitet och spara på vatten. Data från undersökningen erhölls ur tidigare rapporter, fältinventeringar och genom intervjuer. Läckage från huvudvattenledning, serviceledningar, reservoarer och ventiler, ej registrerad konsumtion och stölder befanns vara de viktigaste orsakerna till förlusterna. Vattenverkets åtgärder för läckagekontroll var ineffektiva p.g.a. en alltför passiva ansats till att försöka finna och minska på läckagen.
    [Show full text]