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Combretum Indicum ALL ZONES Answer Score

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Assessment date 18 April 2016 Combretum indicum ALL ZONES Answer Score 1.01 Is the species highly domesticated? n 0 1.02 Has the species become naturalised where grown? 1.03 Does the species have weedy races? 2.01 Species suited to Florida's USDA climate zones (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) 2 North Zone: suited to Zones 8, 9 Central Zone: suited to Zones 9, 10 South Zone: suited to Zone 10 2.02 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) 2 2.03 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y 1 2.04 Native or naturalized in habitats with periodic inundation y North Zone: mean annual precipitation 50-70 inches Central Zone: mean annual precipitation 40-60 inches South Zone: mean annual precipitation 40-60 inches 1 2.05 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y 3.01 Naturalized beyond native range y 2 3.02 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y 2 3.03 Weed of agriculture unk 3.04 Environmental weed y 4 3.05 Congeneric weed y 2 4.01 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y 1 4.02 Allelopathic unk 0 4.03 Parasitic n 0 4.04 Unpalatable to grazing animals n -1 4.05 Toxic to animals unk 0 4.06 Host for recognised pests and pathogens n 0 4.07 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans unk 0 4.08 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems unk 0 4.09 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle n 0 4.10 Grows on infertile soils (oligotrophic, limerock, or excessively draining soils). North & unk Central Zones: infertile soils; South Zone: shallow limerock or Histisols. 0 4.11 Climbing or smothering growth habit y 1 4.12 Forms dense thickets unk 0 5.01 Aquatic n 0 5.02 Grass n 0 5.03 Nitrogen fixing woody plant n 0 5.04 Geophyte n 0 6.01 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat n 0 6.02 Produces viable seed y 1 6.03 Hybridizes naturally unk -1 6.04 Self-compatible or apomictic unk -1 6.05 Requires specialist pollinators n 0 6.06 Reproduction by vegetative propagation y 1 6.07 Minimum generative time (years) unk -1 7.01 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked unk areas) -1 7.02 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y 1 7.03 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant n -1 7.04 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal n -1 7.05 Propagules water dispersed y 1 7.06 Propagules bird dispersed unk -1 7.07 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) n -1 7.08 Propagules dispersed by other animals (internally) unk -1 8.01 Prolific seed production n -1 8.02 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) unk -1 8.03 Well controlled by herbicides unk 1 8.04 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation or cultivation n -1 8.05 ? Total Score 6 Implemented Pacific Second Screening yes Risk Assessment Results EVAL section satisfy # questions answered minimum? A 10 yes B 6 yes C 15 yes total 31 yes Reference Source data 1.01 1. [No evidence of domestication] "Combretum indicum is native to tropical Asia. There is still doubt whether it is indigenous to 1. Schmelzer, G.H. & Gurib-Fakim, A. (Eds.). 2013. Plant East Africa or was introduced there long ago. It is nowadays Resources of Tropical Africa 11(1). Medicinal Plants 2. PROTA widely cultivated throughout the tropics and subtropics, mainly as Foundation, Wageningen, Netherlands 2. Encyclopedia of Life. an ornamental plant, and has become naturalized in many http://eol.org/pages/482267/details (Accessed: 15 March 2016) localities." 2. cultivated but no evidence of selection for reduced weediness 1.02 Skip to 2.01 1.03 Skip to 2.01 2.01 1. "Rain forests, low woods, thickets, hedges, mountains, dry hillsides, riversides, roadsides, wasteland, also cultivated; below 1500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, S Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan; cultivated in Zhejiang [Bangladesh, Cambodia, India (including Andaman Islands), Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, NePal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, PhiliPPines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; coastal E Africa, Indian Ocean islands, Pacific islands" 2. Native to Tanzania, Angola, Benin, Cote D'Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo, Zaire, China, Taiwan, Bangladesh, India, 1. Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (eds.). 2007. Flora of China. NePal, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Science Press, Beijing, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, PhiliPPines, and Singapore 3. and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis 2. US National "China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, S- Plant GermPlasm System. Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan), Taiwan, India, Peninsular Malaysia ov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.asPx?412158 (Accessed: 15 March (coasts widesPread), Indonesia, Laos, NePal, Pakistan 2016) 3. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. (introduced), Papua New Guinea, Thailand, Timor, Vietnam, SE- http://www.gbif.org/sPecies/3699632 (Accessed: 15 March Borneo, PhiliPPines (throughout), New Britain, Solomons, Java, 2016) 4. PERAL NAPPFAST Global Plant Hardiness. Australia (introduced) (Western Australia (introduced), Northern http://www.napPfast.org/Plant_hardiness/2012/PHZ%20uPdate Territory (introduced), Queensland (introduced)), Taiwan 201230%20yr%20%20300dPi.tif (Accessed: 10 March 2016) (introduced), troP. Africa, Peru (introduced), Jamaica (introduced), Haiti (introduced), Dominican RePublic (introduced), Lesser Antilles (introduced) (St. Barts (introduced), Antigua (introduced), Saba (introduced), GuadelouPe (introduced), Dominica (introduced), Martinique (introduced), St. Lucia (introduced), St. Vincent (introduced), Grenada (introduced), Barbados (introduced)), Cuba (introduced), Puerto Rico (introduced), Panama (introduced), Nicaragua (introduced), El Salvador (introduced), Belize (introduced), Venezuela (introduced), Colombia (introduced), Mexico (introduced), Seychelles (introduced), Madagascar (introduced), New 2.02 Native range is well known. 2.03 1. "Rain forests, low woods, thickets, hedges, mountains, dry hillsides, riversides, roadsides, wasteland, also cultivated; below 1500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, S Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan; cultivated in Zhejiang [Bangladesh, Cambodia, India (including Andaman Islands), Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; coastal E Africa, Indian Ocean islands, Pacific islands" 2. Native to Tanzania, Angola, Benin, Cote D'Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo, Zaire, China, Taiwan, Bangladesh, India, 1. Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (eds.). 2007. Flora of Nepal, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, China. Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Science Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and Singapore 3. Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. "China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, S- Louis 2. US National Plant Germplasm System. Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan), Taiwan, India, peninsular Malaysia ov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?412158 (Accessed: 15 (coasts widespread), Indonesia, Laos, Nepal, Pakistan March 2016) 3. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. (introduced), Papua New Guinea, Thailand, Timor, Vietnam, SE- http://www.gbif.org/species/3699632 (Accessed: 15 March 2016) 4. The University of Melbourne. Köppen-Geiger Borneo, Philippines (throughout), New Britain, Solomons, Java, Climate Map of the Wolrd. Australia (introduced) (Western Australia (introduced), Northern http://people.eng.unimelb.edu.au/mpeel/koppen.html (15 Territory (introduced), Queensland (introduced)), Taiwan March 2016) (introduced), trop. Africa, Peru (introduced), Jamaica (introduced), Haiti (introduced), Dominican Republic (introduced), Lesser Antilles (introduced) (St. Barts (introduced), Antigua (introduced), Saba (introduced), Guadeloupe (introduced), Dominica (introduced), Martinique (introduced), St. Lucia (introduced), St. Vincent (introduced), Grenada (introduced), Barbados (introduced)), Cuba (introduced), Puerto Rico (introduced), Panama (introduced), Nicaragua (introduced), El Salvador (introduced), Belize (introduced), Venezuela (introduced), Colombia (introduced), Mexico (introduced), Seychelles (introduced), Madagascar (introduced), New 1. "Rain forests, low woods, thickets, hedges, mountains, dry 2.04 hillsides, riversides, roadsides, wasteland, also cultivated; below 1500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, S Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan; cultivated in Zhejiang [Bangladesh, Cambodia, India (including Andaman Islands), Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; coastal E Africa, Indian Ocean islands, Pacific islands" 2. Native to Tanzania, Angola, Benin, Cote D'Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo, Zaire, China, Taiwan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and Singapore 3. "China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, 1. Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (eds.). 2007. Flora of Hainan, Hunan, S-Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan), Taiwan, India, China. Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Science Press, peninsular Malaysia (coasts widespread), Indonesia, Laos, Nepal, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis 2. US Pakistan (introduced), Papua New Guinea, Thailand, Timor, National Plant Germplasm System. Vietnam, SE-Borneo, Philippines (throughout), New Britain,
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    molecules Article Annona coriacea Mart. Fractions Promote Cell Cycle Arrest and Inhibit Autophagic Flux in Human Cervical Cancer Cell Lines Izabela N. Faria Gomes 1,2, Renato J. Silva-Oliveira 2 , Viviane A. Oliveira Silva 2 , Marcela N. Rosa 2, Patrik S. Vital 1 , Maria Cristina S. Barbosa 3,Fábio Vieira dos Santos 3 , João Gabriel M. Junqueira 4, Vanessa G. P. Severino 4 , Bruno G Oliveira 5, Wanderson Romão 5, Rui Manuel Reis 2,6,7,* and Rosy Iara Maciel de Azambuja Ribeiro 1,* 1 Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of São João del Rei—CCO/UFSJ, Divinópolis 35501-296, Brazil; [email protected] (I.N.F.G.); [email protected] (P.S.V.) 2 Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos 14784-400, Brazil; [email protected] (R.J.S.-O.); [email protected] (V.A.O.S.); [email protected] (M.N.R.) 3 Laboratory of Cell Biology and Mutagenesis, Federal University of São João del Rei—CCO/UFSJ, Divinópolis 35501-296, Brazil; [email protected] (M.C.S.B.); [email protected] (F.V.d.S.) 4 Special Academic Unit of Physics and Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Catalão 75704-020, Brazil; [email protected] (J.G.M.J.); [email protected] (V.G.P.S.) 5 Petroleomic and forensic chemistry laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Espirito Santo, Vitória, ES 29075-910, Brazil; [email protected] (B.G.O.); [email protected] (W.R.) 6 Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal 7 3ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal * Correspondence: [email protected] (R.M.R.); [email protected] (R.I.M.d.A.R.); Tel.: +55-173-321-6600 (R.M.R.); +55-3736-904-484 or +55-3799-1619-155 (R.I.M.d.A.R.) Received: 25 September 2019; Accepted: 29 October 2019; Published: 1 November 2019 Abstract: Plant-based compounds are an option to explore and perhaps overcome the limitations of current antitumor treatments.
  • Components from the Leaves and Twigs of Mangrove Lumnitzera Racemosa with Anti-Angiogenic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects

    Components from the Leaves and Twigs of Mangrove Lumnitzera Racemosa with Anti-Angiogenic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects

    marine drugs Article Components from the Leaves and Twigs of Mangrove Lumnitzera racemosa with Anti-Angiogenic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects Szu-Yin Yu 1,†, Shih-Wei Wang 1,2,† , Tsong-Long Hwang 3,4,5 , Bai-Luh Wei 6, Chien-Jung Su 1, Fang-Rong Chang 1,7,* and Yuan-Bin Cheng 1,8,* 1 Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; [email protected] (S.-Y.Y.); [email protected] (S.-W.W.); [email protected] (C.-J.S.) 2 Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan 3 Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, and Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; [email protected] 4 Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan 5 Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan 6 Department of Life Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 950, Taiwan; [email protected] 7 National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 112, Taiwan 8 Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan * Correspondence: [email protected] (F.-R.C.); [email protected] (Y.-B.C.); Tel.: +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2162) (F.-R.C.); +886-7-312-1101 (ext. 2197) (Y.-B.C.) † These authors contributed equally to this work. Received: 5 October 2018; Accepted: 23 October 2018; Published: 25 October 2018 Abstract: One new neolignan, racelactone A (1), together with seven known compounds (2−8) were isolated from the methanolic extract of the leaves and twigs of Lumnitzera racemosa.
  • Morphology and Vascular Anatomy of the Flower of Lagerstroemia Indica L

    Morphology and Vascular Anatomy of the Flower of Lagerstroemia Indica L

    © Landesmuseum für Kärnten; download www.landesmuseum.ktn.gv.at/wulfenia; www.biologiezentrum.at Wulfenia 15 (2008): 51–62 Mitteilungen des Kärntner Botanikzentrums Klagenfurt Morphology and vascular anatomy of the fl ower of Lagerstroemia indica L. (Lythraceae) with some phylogenetic implications Anastasiya Odintsova Summary: The main patterns of the fl oral vascular system and the structure of the syncarpous gynoecium of one of the most primitive members of Lythraceae, Lagerstroemia indica, have been studied. The vascular system of the fl ower consists of a vascular cylinder, in which consequently closed gaps with diverged traces to fl oral organs or composed vascular stands appear. The histological diff erentiation and vascular anatomy confi rm the prevalence of appendicular features in the fl oral tube of Lagerstroemia indica. The syncarpous gynoecium of Lagerstroemia indica is composed of fertile synascidiate and symplicate structural zones without an apocarpous zone. The most characteristic features of the gynoecium are a secretory epidermis on a massive placenta and on incomplete septa, prominent dorsal ridges inside the locules, and continuation of septal bundles into the style. Keywords: Lagerstroemia indica, Lythraceae, Myrtales, fl ower morphology, vascular anatomy, hypanthium, gynoecium Lythraceae, with 31 genera and 585 species, the third largest family of the Myrtales, are distributed worldwide and show a relatively great range of morphological variation (Conti et al. 1997). It is the only non-monotypic family within Myrtales with a superior ovary (Eichler 1878) and a multicellular archesporium in ovule (Tobe & Raven 1983) – both rather primitive characters for Myrtales. In contrast to most families of the Myrtales, in Lythraceae developmental studies of the fl owers are rare (Cheung & Sattler 1967; Ronse Decraene & Smets 1991), and vascular-anatomical data are incomplete: they concern certain problems of comparative fl oral morphology, e.g.