Assessment date 18 April 2016 Combretum indicum ALL ZONES Answer Score 1.01 Is the species highly domesticated? n 0 1.02 Has the species become naturalised where grown? 1.03 Does the species have weedy races? 2.01 Species suited to Florida's USDA climate zones (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) 2 North Zone: suited to Zones 8, 9 Central Zone: suited to Zones 9, 10 South Zone: suited to Zone 10 2.02 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) 2 2.03 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y 1 2.04 Native or naturalized in habitats with periodic inundation y North Zone: mean annual precipitation 50-70 inches Central Zone: mean annual precipitation 40-60 inches South Zone: mean annual precipitation 40-60 inches 1 2.05 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y 3.01 Naturalized beyond native range y 2 3.02 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed y 2 3.03 Weed of agriculture unk 3.04 Environmental weed y 4 3.05 Congeneric weed y 2 4.01 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y 1 4.02 Allelopathic unk 0 4.03 Parasitic n 0 4.04 Unpalatable to grazing animals n -1 4.05 Toxic to animals unk 0 4.06 Host for recognised pests and pathogens n 0 4.07 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans unk 0 4.08 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems unk 0 4.09 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle n 0 4.10 Grows on infertile soils (oligotrophic, limerock, or excessively draining soils). North & unk Central Zones: infertile soils; South Zone: shallow limerock or Histisols. 0 4.11 Climbing or smothering growth habit y 1 4.12 Forms dense thickets unk 0 5.01 Aquatic n 0 5.02 Grass n 0 5.03 Nitrogen fixing woody plant n 0 5.04 Geophyte n 0 6.01 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat n 0 6.02 Produces viable seed y 1 6.03 Hybridizes naturally unk -1 6.04 Self-compatible or apomictic unk -1 6.05 Requires specialist pollinators n 0 6.06 Reproduction by vegetative propagation y 1 6.07 Minimum generative time (years) unk -1 7.01 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked unk areas) -1 7.02 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y 1 7.03 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant n -1 7.04 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal n -1 7.05 Propagules water dispersed y 1 7.06 Propagules bird dispersed unk -1 7.07 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) n -1 7.08 Propagules dispersed by other animals (internally) unk -1 8.01 Prolific seed production n -1 8.02 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) unk -1 8.03 Well controlled by herbicides unk 1 8.04 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation or cultivation n -1 8.05 ? Total Score 6 Implemented Pacific Second Screening yes Risk Assessment Results EVAL section satisfy # questions answered minimum? A 10 yes B 6 yes C 15 yes total 31 yes Reference Source data 1.01 1. [No evidence of domestication] "Combretum indicum is native to tropical Asia. There is still doubt whether it is indigenous to 1. Schmelzer, G.H. & Gurib-Fakim, A. (Eds.). 2013. Plant East Africa or was introduced there long ago. It is nowadays Resources of Tropical Africa 11(1). Medicinal Plants 2. PROTA widely cultivated throughout the tropics and subtropics, mainly as Foundation, Wageningen, Netherlands 2. Encyclopedia of Life. an ornamental plant, and has become naturalized in many http://eol.org/pages/482267/details (Accessed: 15 March 2016) localities." 2. cultivated but no evidence of selection for reduced weediness 1.02 Skip to 2.01 1.03 Skip to 2.01 2.01 1. "Rain forests, low woods, thickets, hedges, mountains, dry hillsides, riversides, roadsides, wasteland, also cultivated; below 1500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, S Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan; cultivated in Zhejiang [Bangladesh, Cambodia, India (including Andaman Islands), Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, NePal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, PhiliPPines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; coastal E Africa, Indian Ocean islands, Pacific islands" 2. Native to Tanzania, Angola, Benin, Cote D'Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo, Zaire, China, Taiwan, Bangladesh, India, 1. Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (eds.). 2007. Flora of China. NePal, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Science Press, Beijing, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, PhiliPPines, and Singapore 3. and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis 2. US National "China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, S- Plant GermPlasm System. Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan), Taiwan, India, Peninsular Malaysia ov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.asPx?412158 (Accessed: 15 March (coasts widesPread), Indonesia, Laos, NePal, Pakistan 2016) 3. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. (introduced), Papua New Guinea, Thailand, Timor, Vietnam, SE- http://www.gbif.org/sPecies/3699632 (Accessed: 15 March Borneo, PhiliPPines (throughout), New Britain, Solomons, Java, 2016) 4. PERAL NAPPFAST Global Plant Hardiness. Australia (introduced) (Western Australia (introduced), Northern http://www.napPfast.org/Plant_hardiness/2012/PHZ%20uPdate Territory (introduced), Queensland (introduced)), Taiwan 201230%20yr%20%20300dPi.tif (Accessed: 10 March 2016) (introduced), troP. Africa, Peru (introduced), Jamaica (introduced), Haiti (introduced), Dominican RePublic (introduced), Lesser Antilles (introduced) (St. Barts (introduced), Antigua (introduced), Saba (introduced), GuadelouPe (introduced), Dominica (introduced), Martinique (introduced), St. Lucia (introduced), St. Vincent (introduced), Grenada (introduced), Barbados (introduced)), Cuba (introduced), Puerto Rico (introduced), Panama (introduced), Nicaragua (introduced), El Salvador (introduced), Belize (introduced), Venezuela (introduced), Colombia (introduced), Mexico (introduced), Seychelles (introduced), Madagascar (introduced), New 2.02 Native range is well known. 2.03 1. "Rain forests, low woods, thickets, hedges, mountains, dry hillsides, riversides, roadsides, wasteland, also cultivated; below 1500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, S Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan; cultivated in Zhejiang [Bangladesh, Cambodia, India (including Andaman Islands), Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; coastal E Africa, Indian Ocean islands, Pacific islands" 2. Native to Tanzania, Angola, Benin, Cote D'Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo, Zaire, China, Taiwan, Bangladesh, India, 1. Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (eds.). 2007. Flora of Nepal, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, China. Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Science Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and Singapore 3. Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. "China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, S- Louis 2. US National Plant Germplasm System. Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan), Taiwan, India, peninsular Malaysia ov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?412158 (Accessed: 15 (coasts widespread), Indonesia, Laos, Nepal, Pakistan March 2016) 3. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. (introduced), Papua New Guinea, Thailand, Timor, Vietnam, SE- http://www.gbif.org/species/3699632 (Accessed: 15 March 2016) 4. The University of Melbourne. Köppen-Geiger Borneo, Philippines (throughout), New Britain, Solomons, Java, Climate Map of the Wolrd. Australia (introduced) (Western Australia (introduced), Northern http://people.eng.unimelb.edu.au/mpeel/koppen.html (15 Territory (introduced), Queensland (introduced)), Taiwan March 2016) (introduced), trop. Africa, Peru (introduced), Jamaica (introduced), Haiti (introduced), Dominican Republic (introduced), Lesser Antilles (introduced) (St. Barts (introduced), Antigua (introduced), Saba (introduced), Guadeloupe (introduced), Dominica (introduced), Martinique (introduced), St. Lucia (introduced), St. Vincent (introduced), Grenada (introduced), Barbados (introduced)), Cuba (introduced), Puerto Rico (introduced), Panama (introduced), Nicaragua (introduced), El Salvador (introduced), Belize (introduced), Venezuela (introduced), Colombia (introduced), Mexico (introduced), Seychelles (introduced), Madagascar (introduced), New 1. "Rain forests, low woods, thickets, hedges, mountains, dry 2.04 hillsides, riversides, roadsides, wasteland, also cultivated; below 1500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, S Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan; cultivated in Zhejiang [Bangladesh, Cambodia, India (including Andaman Islands), Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; coastal E Africa, Indian Ocean islands, Pacific islands" 2. Native to Tanzania, Angola, Benin, Cote D'Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo, Zaire, China, Taiwan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and Singapore 3. "China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, 1. Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (eds.). 2007. Flora of Hainan, Hunan, S-Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan), Taiwan, India, China. Vol. 13 (Clusiaceae through Araliaceae). Science Press, peninsular Malaysia (coasts widespread), Indonesia, Laos, Nepal, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis 2. US Pakistan (introduced), Papua New Guinea, Thailand, Timor, National Plant Germplasm System. Vietnam, SE-Borneo, Philippines (throughout), New Britain,