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Strategic Partnership in Adult Migrant Education: Perspectives from Mediterranean and Baltic Sea Regions Strategic Partnership in Adult Migrant Education: Perspectives from Mediterranean and Baltic Sea Regions Adult migrant education methodology and the integration programs analysis DIVERSITY DEVELOPMENT GROUP (Lithuania) CENTRE FOR ADVANCEMENT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY LTD (Cyprus) FUNDACJA OSRODEK BADAN NAD MIGRACJAMI (Poland) KOPERAZZJONI INTERNAZZJONALI (Malta) TAMAT CENTRO STUDI FORMAZIONE E RICERCA (Italy) UNINERSIDAD DE SALAMANCA (Spain) 2015 3 Co-funded by the European Union Project Title: Strategic Partnership in Adult Migrant Education: Perspectives from Mediterranean and Baltic Sea Regions Project Acronym: MEDBALT Project number: 2014-1-LT01-KA204-000643 Programme: Erasmus+ Key Action: Cooperation for innovation and the exchange of good practices Action: Strategic Partnerships Field: Strategic Partnerships for adult education Intellectual Output: O1: Adult migrant education methodology and the integration programs analysis Contacts: Diversity Development Group / Z. Sierakausko g. 15, Vilnius, Lithuania / Code: 302877111 Phone: +370 670 84739 / e-mail: [email protected] / www.diversitygroup.lt This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. 4 Co-funded by the European Union STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP IN ADULT MIGRANT EDUCATION: PERSPECTIVES FROM MEDITERRANEAN AND BALTIC SEA REGIONS (M E D B A L T) The decades from 1990 to 2010 mark a each of the project’s participating period of intense international migration in countries; to prepare political Europe, which brought forth various recommendations in the field of migrants’ challenges for national and international education for integration state policies and called for societies to deal with intercultural coexistence. At the same Activities: To study the good practices in time as the western European countries adult migrants’ education; to analyse the began to critically evaluate their methodology of adult migrants’ education immigration and migrant integration and integration programmes; to prepare policies, the ‘new’ EU member states the education methodology for adult confronted the challenges of creating migrants; to make recommendations migration regulations and strategies for regarding the programmes and migrant integration, where access to infrastructure for the integration of adult education is considered as one of the basic migrants; to present the results in a final needs of migrants. As a consequence, the project conference. aim of the project Strategic Partnership in Adult Migrant Education: Perspectives from Project coordinator: Diversity Development Mediterranean and Baltic Sea Regions is to Group (Lithuania); partner organisations: prepare a methodology for the adult Uninersidad de Salamanca (Spain), Tamat migrants’ education based on good Centro Studi Formazione e Ricerca (Italy), practices implemented by each Centre for Advancement of Research and participating country. Development in Educational Technology LTD (Cyprus), Koperazzjoni Internazzjonali (Malta), Fundacja Osrodek Badan nad Migracjami (Poland). Objectives: to develop a case study on the adult migrants’ integration and education in 5 Co-funded by the European Union TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION………………………………….…………….…………………………………….…8 ITALY……………………………………………………………………………..………………..….…….11 1. CHAPTER 1: The immigrant situation in Italy……...……………………………..…....11 1.1. The internal approach to the issue of immigration in Italy………………………………………………………………………………………..……16 1.2. The external approach to the issue of immigration in Italy……..……………………………………………………………………………...............21 2. CHAPTER 2. Migrant adult education in Italy…………………….........……………...23 2.1 Immigrant adult education………………………………….……………..…………..24 2.2 Intervention Guidelines: some examples………………………….……………..31 3. CHAPTER 3: Return migration: voluntary return as a best practice in the migration framework…………………………………………………….……………………………33 3.1. Theoretical approach analysis………………………………….…………………...34 3.2. The Italian AVR program……………………………………………………………....37 CYPRUS……………………………………………………………………………………………………..48 1. CHAPTER 1: Migration background………………… ……..……………………………48 2. CHAPTER 2: Adult migrant education in country…………….…………………….…57 3. CHAPTER 3: Developing an effective adult migrant education strategy………………………………………………………………………………………..……..…66 LITHUANIA…………………………………………………..…………………………..………..……….69 1. CHAPTER 1: The Lithuanian migration background………………….………….…..71 2. CHAPTER 2: Adult migrant education in Lithuania ……………….……………....…90 3. CHAPTER 3: Developing an effective adult migrant education strategy………………………..……………………………………………………….………….…....103 MALTA………………………………………………………..…………………………….……………...109 1. CHAPTER 1: Migration Background…………………………………….………………...110 2. CHAPTER 2: Adult migrant education in Malta……………………………………….118 3. CHAPTER 3: Developing an effective adult migrant education strategy……..……………………………………………….………………………………………...124 6 Co-funded by the European Union POLAND……………………..…………………………………………………………………………….129 1. CHAPTER 1: Migration profile of Poland…………………….……..………………...…129 2. CHAPTER 2 : Adult migrants’ access to the system of education in Poland…..…………………………………………………………………………….,………………141 3. CHAPTER 3: Developing an effective strategy of adult migrants education.……………………………………………………………………………..………………148 SPAIN…………………………………………..……………………………………………...……………155 1. CHAPTER 1: The Spanish migration background ……...........................................155 2. CHAPTER 2: Adult migrant education in Spain………...………………………...…..171 3. CHAPTER 3: Developing an effective adult migrant education strategy …..…………………………………………..…………………………………………………………….183 CONCLUSION………………………………………………….………………………………………...187 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………………………………..194 7 Co-funded by the European Union INTRODUCTION Migration is one of the biggest strategies and policies regarding trends in our modern world. It is immigrant issues and encouraging admitted that the number of their integration became inevitable migrating people is increasing in order to ensure a stable situation enormously fast and, hence in the respective societies and to becomes a huge and difficult satisfy the needs of both the country challenge for all societies. The and the immigrants. growing economy, urbanization, Due to a growing number of cooperation between countries and immigrants and demographic military conflicts are all factors that changes inside societies, the need encourage people to migrate not for consistent migrant integration only inside their own countries but policies and measures emerged. also outside their nation’s borders. Governments are trying to create Europe has become the largest and implement policies that would manifest example of the growth in allow migrant integration into the global migration, as represented by labor market and the wider society. the admittance of nations into the It is an undeniable fact that the European Union (EU) and the education of adult migrants is a key creation of the Schengen zone. element of successful migrant Legislation of the European Union integration and thus, policies (EU) created a favorable related to that have to be environment for people to leave reconsidered thoroughly or new their home countries and settle measures have to be implemented. abroad. Such moves are caused by Many problems emerge when it different economic situations, comes to learning the new ‘home’ variable labor markets of member language, acquiring knowledge of states, family reunification or other local bureaucratic and legal systems, reasons that encourage people to gaining competency in the national emigrate. The enlargement of the culture, and obtaining vocational EU in 2004 and 2007 caused by the training or recognition of personal influx of migrants from Eastern qualifications. Although this trend European (including Bulgaria and led governments to change their Romania) became a huge challenge policies and create new strategies, a for other member states. These lot of measures and goals stay at the enlargements are perceived to be theoretical level and are not turning points that led governments implemented in practice. Most of to reconsider their migration and the countries include migration and migrant integration policies. New migrant integration policies in their 8 political agenda and foresee related migrant education in Cyprus, Italy, objectives, however, none of the Lithuania, Malta, Poland and Spain. countries managed to employ these Each section provides details policies successfully at the practical regarding immigrants to the each of level. Therefore, evaluating the the countries included in this study. current situation and identifying The focus will be on the integration obstacles is a necessity. As of immigrants as well as the relevant mentioned above, the biggest issue laws and programs related to their remains adult migrant education as integration into the respective it plays an important role in the nation. Moreover, provision and integration process of migrants. implementation of goals, methods Knowledge of the native language and measures taken at the and culture as well as knowledge of governmental and the principles of the national nongovernmental levels will be constitution is an imperative for evaluated. In the beginning of each successful integration. case study, general information of MEDBALT project aims to the
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