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C:\Vagner\V40n10 2010\A756cr345 Physiological response and performance of tambaqui fed with diets supplemented with Amazonian nut de Carvalho Santos, MQ, Oishi, CA, Filho, MP, Do Amaral Camara Lima, M, Ono, EA and Affonso, EG http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-84782010001000021 Title Physiological response and performance of tambaqui fed with diets supplemented with Amazonian nut Authors de Carvalho Santos, MQ, Oishi, CA, Filho, MP, Do Amaral Camara Lima, M, Ono, EA and Affonso, EG Type Article URL This version is available at: http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/58857/ Published Date 2010 USIR is a digital collection of the research output of the University of Salford. Where copyright permits, full text material held in the repository is made freely available online and can be read, downloaded and copied for non-commercial private study or research purposes. Please check the manuscript for any further copyright restrictions. For more information, including our policy and submission procedure, please contact the Repository Team at: usir@salford.ac.uk. Ciência Rural,Physiological Santa Maria, response v.40, n.10,and performancep.2181-2185, of out, tambaqui 2010 fed with diets supplemented with Amazonian nut. 2181 ISSN 0103-8478 Physiological response and performance of tambaqui fed with diets supplemented with Amazonian nut Respostas fisiológicas e desempenho do tambaqui alimentado com dietas suplementadas com castanha da Amazônia Marcio Quara de Carvalho SantosI César Augusto OishiI Manoel Pereira FilhoI Mariana do Amaral Camara LimaI Eduardo Akifumi OnoI Elizabeth Gusmão AffonsoI* ABSTRACT resultados são corroborados pela análise dos parâmetros fisiológicos: hematócrito, número de eritrócitos, concentração The present study evaluated the effectiveness of de hemoglobina, índices hematimétricos, proteínas plasmáticas Amazonian nut (Bertholletia excelsa) as an alternative source totais e glicose plasmática, os quais não demonstraram of vegetal protein in tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) diferenças significativas relacionadas aos diferentes diet. Performance and physiological status of fish fed for 60 tratamentos. Portanto, até 30% de farinha de castanha da days were evaluated. Four experimental isonitrogenous diets Amazônia pode ser adicionada à ração sem comprometer a with 36% crude protein were formulated with increasing levels homeostase fisiológica e o desempenho do tambaqui, of nut meal (0, 10, 20 and 30%). Results showed the same mostrando-se como um promissor ingrediente alternativo de growth performance for fish fed with diet with different levels of fonte proteica na dieta para essa espécie. Amazonian nut than that without this ingredient (control). Analysis of physiological parameters (hematocrit, erythrocyte Palavras-chave: Bertholletia excelsa, Colossoma macropomum, number, hemoglobin concentration, hematimetric indexes, total estresse fisiológico, ingrediente regional, plasma protein and plasma glucose) corroborate these results, nutrição, piscicultura. with no significant differences among treatments. Therefore, adding up to 30% of Amazonian nut in tambaqui diet there is no negative effect on physiological homeostasis and growth performance, indicating that the Amazonian nut is a promising INTRODUCTION alternative dietary protein source ingredient for tambaqui. Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) is a Key words: Bertholletia excelsa, Colossoma macropomum, species native from the Amazon basin whose physiological stress, regional ingredient, nutrition, cultivation is increasing in all tropical regions of Brazil fish farming due to its performance under culturing condition and RESUMO is also relatively easy to manage, presenting fast growth, high productivity and elevated consumer Este estudo avaliou a eficácia da farinha de acceptability (ROUBACH et al., 2003). castanha da Amazônia (Bertholletia excelsa) como fonte alternativa de proteína vegetal na dieta do tambaqui The production of cultured fish in the (Colossoma macropomum). Para isso, foram avaliados o Amazonas State was 8,927MT in 2007 (IBAMA, 2007), desempenho e o estado fisiológico dos peixes alimentados 75% of which, approximately, corresponded to tambaqui durante 60 dias. Foram formuladas quatro dietas experimentais production, amount insufficient to supply the Manaus isoproteicas com 36% proteína bruta, com níveis crescentes de market. The high feed cost in Amazonas has inhibited farinha de castanha (0, 10, 20 e 30%). Os resultados mostraram que os diferentes níveis de castanha da Amazônia mantiveram investors and results in dependency of inputs brought o mesmo desempenho zootécnico obtido para os peixes from other regions (ONO, 2005). Fish meal is among alimentados com dieta sem esse ingrediente (controle). Esses the main used ingredients but is becoming increasingly ICoordenação de Pesquisas em Aquicultura (CPAQ), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA). Av. André Araújo, 2936, Aleixo, CP 478, 69060-001, Manaus, AM, Brasil. E-mail: pgusmao@inpa.gov.br. *Autor para correspondência. Received 02.28.10 Approved 08.23.10 Returned by the authorCiência 09.30.10 Rural, v.40, n.10, out, 2010. CR-3451 2182 Santos et al. scarce and, consequently, expensive worldwide MATERIAL AND METHODS (TACON et al., 2006). As a result, several studies have been carried out aiming to replace this ingredient by Tambaqui with approximately 0.5g were another protein sources, such as soybean meal (SALZE obtained in a fish farming located in Rio Preto da Eva/ et al., 2010). AM and transported to CPAQ/INPA (Aquaculture Currently, researches are trying to replace Research Coordination) where they were acclimated traditional ingredients by ingredients from the Amazon and fed with commercial feed containing 40% crude region in the feed formulation, in order to reduce cost protein four times a day for a 60-day period. and dependency of external supply. Examples are the Two hundred and forty fish (29.0±2.7g) were results described by PEREIRA JR. (2006) that partially distributed in twelve 200-L tanks with continuous replaced (21%) fish meal protein by leucena leaf meal aeration and 10% daily water exchange and submitted (Leucaena leucocephala) in ration for tambaqui to four treatments in triplicates: AO (control), A10, A20 juveniles. SILVA et al. (2003) substituted 55% of maize and A30, corresponding to 0, 10, 20 and 30% of by fruits (jauari, Astrocaryum jauari and embaúba, Amazonian nut meal addition to the diets. The Cecropia sp.) and regional seeds meal (munguba, Amazonian nut residue was obtained from the Amazon Pseudobombax munguba and seringa barriguda, Nut Producers Association and Agroextrativist Hevea spruceana) in tambaqui feed. OLIVEIRA (2005) Cooperative in the municipalities of Xapuri, replaced 50% of commercial feed by fruits (catoré Epitaciolândia and Brasiléia, in the State of Acre, at a -1 Crataeva benthami, jauari, embaúba and camu-camu cost of R$ 0.20 kg . Four pelletized isonitrogenous diets Myrciaria dubia) and seed (munguba) for juvenile containing 36% crude protein were formulated, with tambaqui. increasing levels of Amazonian nut meal according to Among the great variety of natural nutrients table 1. originated from the Amazon region, there is the Fish were fed twice a day until apparent Amazonian nut seed (Bertholletia excelsa, H.B.K.), satiation, during a 60-day period. All fish were weighted previously named Brazilian nut or Pará nut. Due to its monthly. For blood parameter analysis, blood samples high value, the quality requirement of the international were collected from ten fish in the beginning of the experiments and from six fish of each experimental unit market and the low consumption in the domestic market, at 60 days. a large amount of the nut produced is discarded because Fish were anesthetized with 100ppm of defects in the nuts which imply losses in agro- benzocaine before blood extraction, and samples were industry and extrativist cooperatives in the region. The drawn through caudal punction using syringe Amazonian nut presents high energy value and is rich containing 10% EDTA and used for the following in high biological value proteins, being a healthful analyses: hematocrit (Ht), by the microhematocrit ingredient characterized as an important antioxidant method using heparinized capillary tubes; erythrocyte and immunostimulant (SOUZA & MENEZES, 2004). counting (RBC) in a Neubauer chamber; hemoglobin Therefore, the residues from agro-industry and (Hb), total plasma protein (TPP) and plasma glucose cooperatives are a potential alternative ingredient for (Gl) concentration were determined by using specific fish feed. commercial kits (Doles, GO). The hematimetric indexes Although growth performance parameters mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular are the most commonly used in evaluating the hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were calculated efficiency of nutrition components in fish feeds, from the RBC, Ht and Hb of each individual. currently the evaluation of physiological status of fish Before and during all the experimental period, has been an important source of information in these physical and chemical water parameters of bioassay studies and, certainly, represents a great contribution tanks were analyzed. Dissolved oxygen, temperature, for the success of the intensive aquatic production electrical conductivity and pH were measured through systems (ANDRADE et al., 2007). multiparameter digital analyzer (Yellow Springs Thus, in order to contribute to the studies Instruments - YSI). Total ammonia and nitrite on the Amazon cultured fish species, especially concentrations
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