Introdução Aquilo Que Primeiro Me Motivou Foi O Desejo De Investigar

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Introdução Aquilo Que Primeiro Me Motivou Foi O Desejo De Investigar Introdução Aquilo que primeiro me motivou foi o desejo de investigar as práticas sonoras na arte, nomeadamente nas artes plásticas e nas artes visuais, em ter- ritórios artísticos potencialmente interdisciplinares e de integração interme- dia do som. Motivação que resultou do estudo do sonoro protagonizado pelas vanguardas modernistas durante a tese de mestrado, e que despoletou em mim um interesse mais aprofundado pelo sonoro e pela chamada sound art. Por outro lado, desta investigação resulta o desafio de uma nova praxis e a possibilidade de uma experimentação aprofundada do sonoro e de novas formas de visualização, como a objetual, integradas em outros dispositivos que não necessariamente os do cinema, a minha área de origem. Nesse sentido, também a intermedialidade subjacente ao título desta tese é um desafio ao co- nhecimento e à experimentação de diferentes media, e à sua fusão concetual, mantendo como referência a afirmação de um corpo experimental sonoro. Por outro lado, desta investigação resulta o desafio de uma novapraxis e a possibilidade de uma experimentação aprofundada do sonoro e de novas formas de visualização, como a objetual, integradas em outros dispositivos que não necessariamente os do cinema, a minha área de origem. Nesse sentido, também a intermedialidade subjacente ao título desta tese é um desafio ao co- nhecimento e à experimentação de diferentes media, e à sua fusão concetual, mantendo como referência a afirmação de um corpo experimental sonoro. A teoria produzida por esta investigação, situa a importância dos media e dos dispositivos no contexto comunicacional e artístico, ao mesmo tempo que traça o percurso de descobertas estéticas e de radicalização anti-arte das 1 vanguardas modernistas, expresso através da irreverência do ready-made, das dissonâncias do ruidismo, da intermedialidade das suas criações e do indeter- minismo performativo das suas atuações públicas. Situa a origem do interme- dia de Dick Higgins na progressão deste contexto até finais dos anos sessenta, através do piano preparado de Cage, das ações, dos happening e do indetermi- nismo Fluxus. Define o intermedia e aprofunda a sound art. Introduz e analisa conceitos como o de escuta, auralidade, espacialização ou acusticidade, trans- versais aos de espaço-tempo, experiência-espetador ou visão-audição, enqua- drando-os nas práticas contemporâneas intermedia do sonoro. Finalmente, descreve e aprofunda o processo e os resultados da componente prática desta investigação. A investigação teórica procurou colmatar lacunas que dificultassem a abordagem prática, abarcando a extensa literatura disponível. No entanto, este estudo revelou-se mais complexo do que inicialmente teria pensado, por não corresponder à minha formação de base, distinta da área da tese. Por essa ra- zão, a opção teórica passou obrigatóriamente por uma contextualização histó- rica e pela definição de intermedia e das práticas sonoras a ele associadas. A investigação prática guiou-se pela procura histórica e concetual de princípios orientadores do meu trabalho no quadro do intermedia de base so- nora, segundo o modelo dispositivo da instalação. Ou seja, partindo da análise dos processos de transformação das práticas artísticas que levaram ao inter- media, da sua definição e dos desenvolvimentos entretanto verificados até à atualidade, procurei assumir no meu trabalho prático, tanto a sua fusão con- cetual, o hibridismo e a intermedialidade dos media, como a integração dos media situados fora da arte, a interdisciplinaridade e o papel do público. As criações produzidas, centrais a esta investigação, resultaram de uma procura diversificada de conhecimentos teóricos e práticos, que passou pela frequência de cursos, workshops, conferências, exposições, concertos, etc., es- senciais ao questionamento e à aprendizagem, mas por vezes também algo dispersivos nas suas abordagens e na diversidade das soluções propostas. Na- turalmente, tudo parecia estar já feito e bem feito, sem que na realidade isso importasse demasiado, por haver sempre em todas as criações algo de único e de irrepetível, sobretudo nas site-specific, mas também nas place-specific, onde as alterações de contexto condicionam a leitura da criação. A componente escrita da tese divide-se em três capítulos. O estudo teóri- co foi distribuído pelos dois primeiros capítulos, passando pela categorização do intermedia, pela identificação de territórios artísticos propícios à interme- 2 dialidade com o sonoro e pelo aprofundamento do seu contexto atual de afirma- ção no âmbito da arte contemporânea. No terceiro capítulo, situa-se a descrição e a análise da componente prática da investigação. São enumeradas as suas trajetórias em constante reformulação, ao mesmo tempo que reflete acerca dos processos de experimentação e da con- cretização das criações produzidas para a tese. Assim, o primeiro capítulo introduz e analisa a noção de media e de dis- positivo, essenciais à arte do século XX e ao seu processo intermedial de des- sacralização dos próprios media e de reformulação disciplinar dos dispositivos conceptuais anti-arte. Nele se referem as dinâmicas vitalistas com que os artistas conceberam as suas criações, sobretudo as sonoras, onde o ruído contaminou todas as formas de arte e interagiu com a música, entretanto assumida como organização de sons. Pela sua importância, também a audiência é referida, en- quanto media e componente essencial ao processo artístico. O surgimento do intermedia, que é aqui definido e compreendido, formaliza este processo de fu- são entre meios participado pelo sonoro, em resultado da crescente afirmação do som nas práticas artísticas da segunda metade do século XX. Propiciador do surgimento da sound art, que é aqui situada no contexto da expansão do sonoro na arte. No segundo capítulo, a abordagem às práticas intermedia contemporâneas é feita de modo a introduzir conceitos sonoros como o de escuta, auralidade e espacialização. A escuta, como processo percetivo do ouvinte enquanto artis- ta e enquanto audiência. A auralidade, situada no soundscape e na captação e criação de novas auralidades. A espacialização, como artifício multipontual do movimento dos sons. Enquadradas em noções de materialidade e imateriali- dade, ressonância e reverberação, acusticidade e plasticidade, e mediadas por relacionamentos de espaço-tempo, corpo-escuta, experiência-espetador e au- dição-visualização, estas leituras da contemporaneidade situam-se mediante a contextualização e analise da prática artística e das suas criações. O terceiro e último capítulo enumera e analisa o resultado prático desta in- vestigação que situa cronológicamente dividindo-o em três partes. A primeira, incide sobre o trajeto prático de experimentação dos media e da sua intermedia- lidade realizado durante a investigação, e apresenta alguns resultados transitó- rios: o fílmico de Antero (2011) e o videográfico defilm.frame (2013). 3 A segunda e a terceira parte centram-se no essencial do trabalho práti- co, com a criação de nove instalações. Na segunda parte são apresentadas as primeiras três instalações, referentes a 2012: Matéria Sonora, Rádioatividade e A (des)ordem do discurso. Na terceira parte, apresentam-se as restantes seis, concretizadas em 2014, no Panóptico do Centro Hospitalar Conde de Ferreira, onde o caráter site-specific associado ao lugar foi determinante. Destas, cinco foram enquadradas no mesmo momento e contexto de intervenção: Leituras ressonantes: onde param os meus ouvidos. A sexta e última a ser realizada - Delírios espetrais: Aísthesis - apesar de conter em si diferentes componentes, funciona como um todo. Por forma a complementar a componente prática, foi criado um DVD onde se podem visualizar os trabalhos videográficos realizados e ainda filma- gens das seis instalações apresentadas no Panóptico. A tese inclui ainda um CD onde se podem ouvir as composições elaboradas, associadas às diferentes instalações. 4 1. Intermedia 1.1. Origens e dispositivos Media: conceitos e conceptualizações O intermedia remete naturalmente para os media enquanto componen- tes de um sistema que tanto pode ser de comunicação como artístico, e para o condicionamento de conteúdos que comporta a sua operacionalidade en- quanto medium. Especificidades que levaram Marshall McLuhan[1] a definir que o meio é a mensagem (the medium is the message), e a encarar cada meio como potenciador de uma determinada mensagem, capaz de controlar e de configurar as ações e associações humanas: “(...) the “message” of any medium or technology is the change of scale or pace or pattern that it introduces into human affairs.” (MacLuhan, 1964: 8). O meio aqui entendido como uma ex- tensão de nós próprios e do nosso corpo, cujo conteúdo[2] é sempre um outro meio ou veículo, estabelecedor de interligações[3] entre escrita e fala, imprensa e telégrafo, fala e pensamento, e capaz de eliminar fatores de tempo e de espa- 1 McLuhan publicou em 1964 Understanding Media: the extensions of man (1964), livro re- volucinador do entendimento do meio e do seu condicionamento da mensagem, numa análise abran- gente dos fenômenos sociais e tecnológicos da comunicação. 2 Ao assumir o meio como mensagem, MacLuhan fá-lo distinguindo a sua noção de conteúdo do comumente entendido como significado. 3 Freidrich A. Kittler, em Gramophone, Film, Typewriter (1999 [1986]), refere-se igualmente ao entendimento de McLuhan acerca dos media e do modo como estes fazem parte uns dos outros: a televisão do cinema e da rádio, a rádio dos vinis e das cassetes, o cinema das cassetes e dos filmes
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