DOCSLIB.ORG

Properzio E L'etruria

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Properzio E L'etruria PAOLO POCCETTI PROPERZIO E L’ETRURIA: TRA TRADIZIONI ANTIQUARIE E IMMAGINAZIONE Il mondo e la cultura degli Etruschi hanno nell’opera di Properzio un ruolo del tutto speciale che si mette in luce da due diverse prospet- tive. Da una parte, nel rapporto comparativo con gli altri popoli e civil- tà dell’Italia e del Mediterraneo presenti nell’opera del poeta augusteo e, dall’altra, nel confronto con le altre fonti letterarie a lui coeve e, più ancora specificamente, con la poesia augustea. Sotto queste due angola- zioni la rappresentazione degli Etruschi e dell’Etruria presso Properzio è sicuramente un interessante termometro per misurare la dialettica tra tradizione e innovazione nel poeta umbro rispetto ai canoni della poe- sia augustea, ma anche il diverso rilievo attribuito all’uno o all’altro filone antiquario. In questa considerazione è superfluo sottolineare che un’opera di poesia non è una trattazione storiografica e che la compa- razione asettica tra fonti e soprattutto tra generi diversi rischia di di- ventare illusoria. Tale premessa vale a più forte ragione per un’opera come quella di Properzio che, sotto il profilo della genesi compositiva e della cifra stilistica, presenta aspetti più complessi e meno evidenti di altri capisaldi della poesia celebrativa delle antichità romane all’epoca di Augusto come l’Eneide di Virgilio e i Fasti di Ovidio. La presenza dell’Etruria presso Properzio si iscrive entro due cornici generali, comuni alla trattazione dei popoli dell’Italia antica nella poe- sia e nell’antiquaria romana dell’età di Augusto. La prima è l’ideologia tipica della restaurazione di Augusto imperniata sul ruolo centripeto di Roma come fattore unificante di varietà etniche e linguistiche e di loca- lismi in nome di una origine comune e di una consanguineitas 1. In que- sta ideologia l’Italia ha una posizione privilegiata e del tutto diversa rispetto ad altre regioni dell’Impero essendo vista nella dialettica reci- 1 Cfr. Giardina 1994, 23 ss. 09-Poccetti.pmd 173 28/02/2012, 17.17 174 PAOLO POCCETTI proca con Roma, come proiezione speculare l’una dell’altra nel grande ridisegno dei mores Romani 2. L’altra cornice nella quale si inserisce il rapporto tra Roma e l’Italia, per quanto riguarda in particolare la considerazione delle componenti etno-linguistiche dell’Italia pre-romana che sono confluite nella restaura- zione augustea è quella dei regionalismi, delle microstorie locali, delle esperienze personali e del vissuto dei singoli individui. In realtà, queste due cornici non sempre si saldano in un quadro armonico e dialettico, ma si disgregano spesso in punti di vista diversi su temi apparentemen- te lontani dal presente, come quello delle origini, delle parentele, della consanguineità, ma pur sempre soldati di stretti agganci con l’attualità, cioè l’interpretazione della continuità e dell’eredità del passato nel pre- sente. Sotto questo punto di vista la visione dell’Italia e di Roma nella poesia augustea riflette pienamente quella condizione definita con felice espressione da Andrea Giardina « identità incompiuta dell’Italia roma- na » 3, definizione, peraltro applicabile anche all’Italia di oggi. Ma come si attua in Properzio l’effetto di dissolvenza tra la rappre- sentazione del passato e del presente di Roma e quello delle microstorie locali e delle esperienze personali particolarmente nei confronti del mondo etrusco? È superfluo ricordare che l’Etruria, oltre che filtrata da un sapere libresco e dotto, doveva appartenere anche all’universo delle conoscenze personali, essendo adiacente alla patria del poeta. Assisi, in- fatti, pur essendo culturalmente e linguisticamente ‘umbra’, era prossi- ma al territorio etrusco, collocandosi in una zona di contatto, esposta alle influenze di quel mondo. I Propertii erano una gens umbra, relativa- mente diffusa nel mondo romano soprattutto nei due secoli a cavallo della nostra era 4. L’addensamento delle attestazioni epigrafiche ad Assi- si 5, dove si trova anche la menzione in un’iscrizione in lingua locale 6, che ne è l’attestazione più antica, conferma le ascendenze umbre, in particolare, assisiati, vantate dal poeta. C’è, poi, l’interessante notizia, attribuita a Catone 7, di un Propertius re di Veio, che accredita una infil- trazione della gens in ambito etrusco arcaico. Il dato non è di per sé 2 Cfr. Gabba 1978; 1985; Letta 1984. 3 Giardina 1994. 4 Cfr. Forni 1986, 178. 5 Sulle iscrizioni latine da Assisi menzionanti la gens Propertia, cfr. Forni 1986, 176 ss.; Vivona 1986, 110 ss. 6 Rix 2002, Um 10. 7 Cato, Or. frg. 48 Peter2 = Serv., ad Aen. X 184: Lucosque Capenos hos dicit Cato Veientum (iuvenes) condidisse auxilio regis Propertii, qui eos Capenam, cum adolevissent, miserat, unde et porta Capena, quae iuxta Camenas est, nomen accepit. 09-Poccetti.pmd 174 28/02/2012, 17.17 PROPERZIO E L’ETRURIA 175 sorprendente, perché si allineerebbe ad altri gentilizi ‘italici’ noti dal- l’epigrafia etrusca arcaica. Questo legame dei Propertii con Veio, di cui si serba memoria nella tradizione antiquaria, potrebbe non essere estraneo al particolare atteggiamento del poeta verso la città etrusca, l’unica con- siderata per il suo passato di illustre tradizione ‘regale’ in contrasto con un presente di rovine 8. È già stato segnalato il diverso atteggiamento nei confronti degli Etruschi da parte dei poeti della generazione di Mecenate o, comun- que, a lui più strettamente legati quali appunto Properzio, Virgilio, Ora- zio rispetto a quelli della generazione successiva come Ovidio. Ancora diversa sarà, poi, la rappresentazione degli Etruschi in un poeta di età flavia come Silio Italico 9. La benevolenza o lo sguardo favorevole dei primi rispetto alla distaccata diffidenza da parte di Ovidio è stata con- nessa con gli stretti legami con Mecenate a motivo delle sue note origi- ni. In realtà, al di là di questa distinzione generale e, per certi aspetti, banalizzante, si evidenziano tra Properzio, Virgilio, Orazio differenze e sfumature più o meno sensibili. Lontana e fredda è l’eco degli Etruschi in Orazio, nelle cui opere essi hanno un ruolo secondario e tutto sommato, irrilevante, tanto nella sedimentazione del passato di Roma quanto nell’eredità del presente augusteo. L’accenno ad una storia illustre fatta di genealogie regali oc- corre presso Orazio solo in riferimento a Mecenate: Maecenas atavis edite regibus (Hor., Carm. I 1, 1) Tyrrhene regum progenies, tibi (Hor., Carm. III 29, 1). Il richiamo alla regalità etrusca a proposito di Mecenate trova una puntuale corrispondenza in Properzio, significativa anche per la colloca- zione del nome all’inizio del verso, analoga a quella delle odi oraziane: Maecenas eques Etrusco de sanguine regum (Prop. III 9, 1). Tuttavia la regalità illustre degli Etruschi viene evocata non soltanto in rapporto alla figura di Mecenate, ma si ritrova anche in riferimento alla storia di Veio, contrassegnata da un passato nobile ed illustre in contrasto ad un misero presente: heu Veii veteres! Et vos tum regna fuistis / et vestro posita est aurea sella foro/ nunc intra muros pastoris bucina lenti/ cantat (Prop. IV 10, 27-30). 8 Prop. IV 10, 27-30. 9 Sull’Etruria in Silio Italico, cfr. Montero Herrero 1982. 09-Poccetti.pmd 175 28/02/2012, 17.17 176 PAOLO POCCETTI Diverso, pur scarso nel suo complesso, è, poi, tra i poeti augustei l’interesse per quel sapere considerato tipico del mondo etrusco, cioè l’Etru- sca disciplina, che trova nell’opera di Properzio pochi riferimenti 10. Per quanto riguarda la designazione degli Etruschi il solo Properzio tra i poeti augustei sembra disciplinare l’uso delle diverse denominazio- ni disponibili in latino, cioè Tusci, Etrusci, Tyrrheni secondo una distri- buzione che risponde non a differenze designative, bensì alla sua sensibilità per la variazione stilistica in rapporto ai contesti. In Orazio e in Virgilio i tre appellativi si interscambiano indifferen- temente a parità di contesti e di nessi sintattici. Per esempio, nell’Enei- de i duces sono ora Etrusci ora Tyrrheni, le coste e il mare (orae, aequor) sono qualificate ora da Tuscus ora da Tyrrhenus. Così il Tevere è talora Tuscus amnis talora Tyrrhenus amnis; Etrusca è l’urbs, ma Tyrrhenum è l’op- pidum. Nelle occorrenze oraziane il Tuscus aequor si alterna con Etruscum mare e mare Tyrrhenum 11 e indifferentemente tanto nelle Odi quanto nel- le Satire il Tevere è definito Tuscus amnis 12, nello stesso modo che nel- l’Eneide 13 e nelle Georgiche 14, dove, però, si alterna con Tyrrhenus amnis. La rappresentazione del Tevere come fiume etrusco per eccellenza si trova anche in Silio Italico (Tuscis undis) 15. In Properzio si coglie una distinzione più raffinata ed articolata nel- l’uso dei nomi degli Etruschi, che, in parte, è subordinata a categorie designative e, in parte, si collega a diverse cifre stilistiche e al contesto d’uso, a cui Properzio è solitamente ben attento. Così Tyrrhenus ha un impiego limitato sostanzialmente a due occorrenze che hanno a che fare con il mare e con la navigazione. Una è la designazione del mare pro- spiciente Roma e, più in generale, quello che bagna la costa occidentale dell’Italia: Nec tibi Tyrrhena solvatur funis harena (Prop. I 8, 11) La denominazione del mare come Tyrrhenus corrisponde ad un uso onomastico ormai consolidato in età augustea, come mostrano le occor- renze in Virgilio e Orazio, e, secondo quanto esplicitamente dichiarato da Dionigi di Alicarnasso, che accenna anche al cambiamento del nome: 10 Cfr. Berthet 1991, 89 ss. 11 Hor., Carm. I 11, 6; III 24, 4; 29, 35; IV 4, 54. Cfr. Colonna 1996, 457. 12 Hor., Carm. III 7, 28; Sat. II 2, 33. 13 Virg., Aen. VIII 473; X 199; XI 316. 14 Virg., Georg. I 499: Tuscum Tiberim. 15 Sil.It., Pun. XIII 6. Cfr. Montero Herrero 1982, 41. 09-Poccetti.pmd 176 28/02/2012, 17.17 PROPERZIO E L’ETRURIA 177 êüëðïí t’n ajp’ tw=n eJsperæwn merw=n paraV thVn *Italæan ajnaceümenon, o{ò tüte meVn Aujsünioò ejpä tw=n prosoikouvntwn Aujsünwn ejlevgeto, ejpeä deV Turrhnoä +alassokravtoreò ejgevnonto, metevlaben h{n e[cei nu=n proshgoræan (Dion.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Etruscan Biophilia Viewed Through Magical Amber
    University of Mississippi eGrove Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors Theses Honors College) Spring 5-9-2020 Etruscan Biophilia Viewed through Magical Amber Greta Rose Koshenina University of Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis Part of the Classical Archaeology and Art History Commons, and the Other Classics Commons Recommended Citation Koshenina, Greta Rose, "Etruscan Biophilia Viewed through Magical Amber" (2020). Honors Theses. 1432. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/hon_thesis/1432 This Undergraduate Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College (Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College) at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ETRUSCAN BIOPHILIA VIEWED THROUGH MAGICAL AMBER by Greta Rose Koshenina A thesis submitted to the faculty of The University of Mississippi in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College. Oxford May 2020 Approved by ___________________________________ Advisor: Dr. Jacqueline DiBiasie-Sammons ___________________________________ Reader: Dr. Molly Pasco-Pranger ___________________________________ Reader: Dr. John Samonds © 2020 Greta Rose Koshenina ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis with gratitude to my advisors in both America and Italy: to Dr. Jacqueline DiBiasie-Sammons who endured spotty skype meetings during my semester abroad and has been a tremendous help every step of the way, to Giampiero Bevagna who helped translate Italian books and articles and showed our archaeology class necropoleis of Etruria, and to Dr. Brooke Porter who helped me see my research through the eyes of a marine biologist.
    [Show full text]
  • A Near Eastern Ethnic Element Among the Etruscan Elite? Jodi Magness University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
    Etruscan Studies Journal of the Etruscan Foundation Volume 8 Article 4 2001 A Near Eastern Ethnic Element Among the Etruscan Elite? Jodi Magness University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/etruscan_studies Recommended Citation Magness, Jodi (2001) "A Near Eastern Ethnic Element Among the Etruscan Elite?," Etruscan Studies: Vol. 8 , Article 4. Available at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/etruscan_studies/vol8/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Etruscan Studies by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Near EasTern EThnic ElemenT Among The ETruscan EliTe? by Jodi Magness INTRODUCTION:THEPROBLEMOFETRUSCANORIGINS 1 “Virtually all archaeologists now agree that the evidence is overwhelmingly in favour of the “indigenous” theory of Etruscan origins: the development of Etruscan culture has to be understood within an evolutionary sequence of social elaboration in Etruria.” 2 “The archaeological evidence now available shows no sign of any invasion, migra- Tion, or colonisaTion in The eighTh cenTury... The formaTion of ETruscan civilisaTion occurred in ITaly by a gradual process, The final sTages of which can be documenTed in The archaeo- logical record from The ninTh To The sevenTh cenTuries BC... For This reason The problem of ETruscan origins is nowadays (righTly) relegaTed To a fooTnoTe in scholarly accounTs.” 3 he origins of the Etruscans have been the subject of debate since classical antiqui- Tty. There have traditionally been three schools of thought (or “models” or “the- ories”) regarding Etruscan origins, based on a combination of textual, archaeo- logical, and linguistic evidence.4 According to the first school of thought, the Etruscans (or Tyrrhenians = Tyrsenoi, Tyrrhenoi) originated in the eastern Mediterranean.
    [Show full text]
  • Etruscan Winged “Demons”
    First in Flight: Etruscan Winged “Demons” Marvin Morris University of California, Berkeley Classical Civilizations Class of 2016 Abstract: Etruscan winged Underworld figures (commonly referred to as winged “demons”) represent one of the most fascinating and least understood aspects of funerary iconography in ancient Etruria. Their function, along with their origin, has long been the subject of scholarly debates. However, over the last two decades, scholars have begun to take a closer look at these chthonic figures. Recent scholarship has begun to provide answers to many of the most fundamental questions concerning their role, even if disagreements remain over their murky origins. Expanding on interpretations that have cast new light on how these winged (and non winged) Underworld figures functioned, questions concerning Etruscan religious beliefs and funerary ideology can now be reconsidered. Introduction: Iconography and Ideology Etruscan winged Underworld figures (commonly referred to as winged “demons”) represent one of the most fascinating and least understood aspects of funerary iconography in ancient Etruria. Their function, along with their origin, has long been the subject of scholarly debates. However, over the last two decades, scholars1 have begun to take a closer look at these chthonic figures. Recent scholarship has begun to provide answers to many of the most fundamental questions concerning their role, even if disagreements remain over their murky origins2. Expanding on interpretations that have cast new light on how these winged (and non winged) Underworld figures functioned, questions concerning Etruscan religious beliefs and funerary ideology can now be reconsidered. One such question concerns the sudden increase in the appearance of winged “demons” that begins to occur around the end of the fifth century BCE.
    [Show full text]
  • Fulminante-2012-Ethnicity-Chapter
    - LANDSCAPE, ETHNICITY AND IDENTITY LANDSCAPE, ETHNICITY AND IDENTITY IN THE ARCHAIC MEDITERRANEAN AREA LANDSCAPE, ETHNICITY AND IDENTITY The main concern of this volume is the multi-layered IN THE ARCHAIC MEDITERRANEAN AREA concept of ethnicity. Contributors examine and contextualise contrasting definitions of ethnicity and identity as implicit in two perspectives, one from the classical tradition and another from the prehistoric and anthropological tradition. They look at the role of textual sources in reconstructing ethnicity and introduce fresh and innovative archaeological data, either from fieldwork or from new combinations of old data. Finally, in contrast to many traditional approaches to this subject, they examine the relative and interacting AREA MEDITERRANEAN ARCHAIC THE IN role of natural and cultural features in the landscape in the construction of ethnicity. The volume is headed by the contribution of Andrea Carandini whose work challenges the conceptions of many in the combination of text and archaeology. He begins by examining the mythology surrounding the founding of Rome, taking into consideration the recent archaeological evidence from the Palatine and the Forum. Here primacy is given to construction of place and mythological descent. Anthony Snodgrass, Robin Osborne, Tim Cornell and Christopher Smith offer replies to his arguments. Overall, the nineteen papers presented here show that a modern interdisciplinary and international archaeology that combines material data and textual evidence – critically – can provide a powerful lesson for the full understanding of the ideologies of ancient and modern societies G. G. C IFANI AND S. S TODDART EDITED BY ABRIELE IFANI AND IMON TODDART s G C S S Oxbow Books WITH THE SUPPORT OF SKYLAR NEIL www.oxbowbooks.com This pdf of your paper in Landscape, Ethnicity and Identity belongs to the publishers Oxbow Books and it is their copyright.
    [Show full text]
  • A Note on the Myth of Tages
    0821-07_Babesch_83_07 23-09-2008 16:05 Pagina 107 BABESCH 83 (2008), 107-109. doi: 10.2143/BAB.83.0.2033101. A Note on the Myth of Tages J.H. Richardson Abstract This note suggests that Tages, the mythical founder of the Etrusca disciplina, is depicted on an engraved Etruscan mirror in the British Museum. The identification, if correct, provides some verification of the literary evidence for the myth of Tages, but it substantially undermines the common equation of Pavatarchies, a youth who appears on another engraved Etruscan mirror, with Tages. The myth of Tages is both simple and important; the figure to his right, Avl[e] Tarchunus, also important because it explains the origins of the wears a haruspex’s hat. It is true that Tarchunus Etruscan arts of divination, and simple because wears his hat pushed back over his head, but this the essence of the myth is as follows:1 working could just as easily signify that he is letting Pava- one day in his field, an Etruscan from Tarquinia tarchies interpret the liver, as it could that he is called Tarchon ploughed up an infant child. But his student. Indeed, since Tarchunus is bearded, this was no ordinary baby, for it had teeth, per- it may be he who is the teacher, and Pavatarchies haps grey hair, and the capacity of speech; it was, the student.7 Pavatarchies is fully clothed and in short, a baby with the facial features of an there is nothing to suggest that he has recently adult.2 This baby, Tages, then proceeded to ex- been unearthed, nor is there even any emphasis pound the theories and methods of divination to on the field, and the plough, an obvious icon for those who were present.
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeological and Literary Etruscans: Constructions of Etruscan Identity in the First Century Bce
    ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND LITERARY ETRUSCANS: CONSTRUCTIONS OF ETRUSCAN IDENTITY IN THE FIRST CENTURY BCE John B. Beeby A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Classics in the College of Arts and Sciences. Chapel Hill 2019 Approved by: James B. Rives Jennifer Gates-Foster Luca Grillo Carrie Murray James O’Hara © 2019 John B. Beeby ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT John B. Beeby: Archaeological and Literary Etruscans: Constructions of Etruscan Identity in the First Century BCE (Under the direction of James B. Rives) This dissertation examines the construction and negotiation of Etruscan ethnic identity in the first century BCE using both archaeological and literary evidence. Earlier scholars maintained that the first century BCE witnessed the final decline of Etruscan civilization, the demise of their language, the end of Etruscan history, and the disappearance of true Etruscan identity. They saw these changes as the result of Romanization, a one-sided and therefore simple process. This dissertation shows that the changes occurring in Etruria during the first century BCE were instead complex and non-linear. Detailed analyses of both literary and archaeological evidence for Etruscans in the first century BCE show that there was a lively, ongoing discourse between and among Etruscans and non-Etruscans about the place of Etruscans in ancient society. My method musters evidence from Late Etruscan family tombs of Perugia, Vergil’s Aeneid, and Books 1-5 of Livy’s history. Chapter 1 introduces the topic of ethnicity in general and as it relates specifically to the study of material remains and literary criticism.
    [Show full text]
  • The Origin of the Etruscans
    The Origin of the Etruscans Bestand: m:/share/Akademie/9505i38_LetMed_Beekes/02-Binnenwerk.3d ^ Pagina i<i>59 koninklijke nederlandse akademie van wetenschappen Mededelingen van de Afdeling Letterkunde, Nieuwe Reeks, Deel 66 no. i Deze Mededeling werd in verkorte vorm uitgesproken in de vergadering van de Afdeling Letterkunde, gehouden op ii februari 2002. Bestand: m:/share/Akademie/9505i38_LetMed_Beekes/02-Binnenwerk.3d ^ Pagina i<2>59 r.s.p. beekes The Origin of the Etruscans Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Amsterdam, 2003 Bestand: m:/share/Akademie/9505i38_LetMed_Beekes/02-Binnenwerk.3d ^ Pagina i<3>59 isbn 90-6984-369-2 Copyright van deze uitgave ß 2003 Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschap- pen, Postbus i9i2i, i000 GC Amsterdam Niets uit deze uitgave mag worden verveelvoudigd en/of openbaar gemaakt door middel van druk, fotokopie, microfilm of op welke wijze dan ook, zonder voorafgaande schriftelijke toestemming van de rechthebbende, behoudens de uitzonderingen bij de wet gesteld Druk: PlantijnCasparie Heerhugowaard bv Het papier van deze uitgave voldoet aan 1 iso-norm 9706 (i994) voor permanent houd- baar papier Bestand: m:/share/Akademie/9505i38_LetMed_Beekes/02-Binnenwerk.3d ^ Pagina i<4>59 The Origin of the Etruscans ‘dass jene Polemik ... jetzt praktisch ... an einem toten Punkt gelangt ist.’ F. Falchetti - Antonella Romualdi, Die Etrusker (Stuttgart 200i), p. i2. contents Introduction 7 i. The prehistory of the Lydians i0 i.i. Me·iones i0 i.2 Ma·sas i0 i.3 Ancient testimonies i3 i.4 Other evidence i7 i.5 The linguistic position of Lydian 20 i.6 Historical considerations 2i i.7 Conclusion 23 2. The origin of the Etruscans 24 2.i The Etruscans came from the East 24 2.2 The TyrseŒnoi in classical times 37 2.3 Ancient testimonies 4i 2.4 Historical considerations 44 3.
    [Show full text]
  • A Digital Workflow and Disseminating Data Katherine L. Mccusker And
    11 The Vulci3000 Project: A Digital Workflow and Disseminating Data Katherine L. McCusker and Maurizio Forte Abstract: This article discusses the methodology of as the Tomb of Isis (Bonamici 1980). A large the Vulci3000 Project, which aims to examine the percentage of Attic vases known in the world today archaeological landscape as well as the urban space have been found in the Vulci cemeteries. The of the Western Forum at the Etruscan age site of habitation site is a uniquely stratified and mostly Vulci, located in Viterbo, Italy. A digital workflow untouched urban context that includes, in the same is proposed that efficiently incorporates data types area, Iron Age, Etruscan, Roman, and Medieval and results into the previous archaeological settlements (Arancio 2014; Ward-Perkins 1962). It workflow to create a more encompassing and had an area of c. 126 hectares and an estimated comprehensive project methodology. This digital population of thousands of inhabitants in the workflow will allow a virtual reality platform to be Classical period (6–5th centuries BCE). It was part created using the integrated data and interpretations. of the Etruscan dodecapolis, the Etruscan The methodological focus on the integration of Federation of the most important cities of Etruria. utilized data types points to a wider issue in the Vulci was highly important in terms of exchange, archaeological field, that of storing and sharing data political and social rank, production of valuable on one platform as well as how to disseminate such goods, and trade with the entire Mediterranean data to both the academic community and the Basin.
    [Show full text]
  • Dionysiac Imagery in Archaic Etruria Dimitris Paleothodoros University of Thessaly
    Etruscan Studies Journal of the Etruscan Foundation Volume 10 Article 15 2007 Dionysiac Imagery in Archaic Etruria Dimitris Paleothodoros University of Thessaly Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/etruscan_studies Recommended Citation Paleothodoros, Dimitris (2007) "Dionysiac Imagery in Archaic Etruria," Etruscan Studies: Vol. 10 , Article 15. Available at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/etruscan_studies/vol10/iss1/15 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Etruscan Studies by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dionysiac Imagery in Archaic Etruria by Dimitris Paleothodoros he emergence of Etruscan Dionysiac iconography was made possibLe by the adop - tion and imitation of prototypes found on imported Attic vases 1. The first TDionysiac images produced by Etruscan craftsmen date to 550 BC and are found on bLacK-figured vases by the Paris Painter, and the painters of the Ivy-Leaf and the La ToLfa Groups. Between the mid 6th and mid 5th centuries BC, Etruscan artists decorate aLmost 170 bLacK-figured and added-red vases with Dionysiac images, 13% of the totaL pro - duction of figured vases. 2 This group of images, suppLemented by other pieces of evidence, such as mirror engravings and bronze statuettes, forms the basis of the present study, which is the preLiminary report of a thorough investigation of Dionysus in archaic Etruria. In the recent past, schoLars have deveLoped the concept of “Dionysism without Dionysus,” to account for the paradox of the scarcity of Dionysus’ images in archaic Etruria, in contrast to the great popuLarity of images of his foLLowers, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Bucchero Pottery from Cetamura Del Chianti (1978-2003) Stephanie A
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2006 Bucchero Pottery from Cetamura del Chianti (1978-2003) Stephanie A. Layton Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES BUCCHERO POTTERY FROM CETAMURA DEL CHIANTI (1978-2003) By STEPHANIE A. LAYTON A Thesis submitted to the Department of Classics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2006 Copyright © 2006 Stephanie A. Layton All Rights Reserved The members of the Committee approve the thesis of Stephanie A. Layton defended on th April 25P ,P 2006. ___________________________ Nancy T. de Grummond Professor Directing Thesis ___________________________ David Stone Committee Member ___________________________ Daniel J. Pullen Committee Member The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members ii For my Parents – Thank you for all your love and support iii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures v Abstract xii Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Chapter 2 THE CATALOG A. Bucchero Catalog Methodology 7 B. Catalog of Cetamura Bucchero Pottery 10 I. Miniature Kyathos II. Small Jar III. Plate-Cover IV. Kantharos V. Plates VI. Bowls VII. Miniature Bowls VIII. Cups IX. Chalices C. Special Examples 48 I. Stamp II. Sigla III. Problem pieces Chapter 3 CONCLUSION 55 Appendices 60 A. Catalog of Cetamura Impasto Pottery B. Provenance Index of All Bucchero from Cetamura C. Form Index of Cataloged Bucchero and Impasto from Cetamura D. Part Index of Cataloged Bucchero and Impasto from Cetamura E.
    [Show full text]
  • Roman History the LEGENDARY PERIOD of the KINGS (753
    Roman History THE LEGENDARY PERIOD OF THE KINGS (753 - 510 B.C.) Rome was said to have been founded by Latin colonists from Alba Longa, a nearby city in ancient Latium. The legendary date of the founding was 753 B.C.; it was ascribed to Romulus and Remus, the twin sons of the daughter of the king of Alba Longa. Later legend carried the ancestry of the Romans back to the Trojans and their leader Aeneas, whose son Ascanius, or Iulus, was the founder and first king of Alba Longa. The tales concerning Romulus’s rule, notably the rape of the Sabine women and the war with the Sabines, point to an early infiltration of Sabine peoples or to a union of Latin and Sabine elements at the beginning. The three tribes that appear in the legend of Romulus as the parts of the new commonwealth suggest that Rome arose from the amalgamation of three stocks, thought to be Latin, Sabine, and Etruscan. The seven kings of the regal period begin with Romulus, from 753 to 715 B.C.; Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, from 534 to 510 B.C., the seventh and last king, whose tyrannical rule was overthrown when his son ravished Lucretia, the wife of a kinsman. Tarquinius was banished, and attempts by Etruscan or Latin cities to reinstate him on the throne at Rome were unavailing. Although the names, dates, and events of the regal period are considered as belonging to the realm of fiction and myth rather than to that of factual history, certain facts seem well attested: the existence of an early rule by kings; the growth of the city and its struggles with neighboring peoples; the conquest of Rome by Etruria and the establishment of a dynasty of Etruscan princes, symbolized by the rule of the Tarquins; the overthrow of this alien control; and the abolition of the kingship.
    [Show full text]
  • Etruscan Identity and Self-Representation in the Late Republic and Early Principate
    Etruscan Identity and Self-Representation in the Late Republic and Early Principate Chiara Strazzulla Supervisors: Cardiff University Dr Guy Bradley (Cardiff University) Prof. Elena Isayev (University of Exeter) Presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Ancient History 2018 Acknowledgements Research might often be portrayed as a solo enterprise, but no work of research is ever truly done alone. This work would most certainly not have been possible without the help and support of many others beside me, who gave their own precious insights, directed my investigation to unexpected corners of the subject topic, and generously gave assistance when assistance was needed. My heartfelt thanks go therefore to: My supervisors, Dr Guy Bradley and Prof. Elena Isayev, who have been present at every stage, providing fundamental clarifications, encouraging me to push my limits and find my strengths, helping me shape what was a disconnected bunch of ideas about Romans and Etruscans into something concrete. Their dedication to this work cannot be understated and without it none of it would have been possible. All at AHRC and the South, West and Wales Doctoral Training Partnership, for generously funding my PhD and providing invaluable occasions for personal and professional development, debate, and sharing. The discussions had at cohort days organised by the DTP have helped guide the direction my research was taking, provided me with additional tools and given me interdisciplinary insights. My thanks in particular to Chantelle Payne and Rose Jones, for their tireless organisational work; and to all the fellow DTP students with whom I exchanged opinions and ideas, most importantly Beatrice Hitchman, Sophie Payne, Maria Tomlinson, Anna Field, James Thomas Lloyd, and Jo Bryant.
    [Show full text]