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Shamsiah Fakeh (1924-2008) : Kajian Terhadap Perjuangan Wanita Islam Di Tanah Melayu

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Shamsiah Fakeh (1924-2008) : Kajian Terhadap Perjuangan Wanita Islam Di Tanah Melayu SHAMSIAH FAKEH (1924-2008) : KAJIAN TERHADAP PERJUANGAN WANITA ISLAM DI TANAH MELAYU AISYAH BINTI AB RAHIM JABATAN SEJARAH DAN TAMADUN ISLAM AKEDEMI PENGAJIAN ISLAM UNIVERSITI MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR 2012 SHAMSIAH FAKEH (1924-2008) : KAJIAN TERHADAP PERJUANGAN WANITA ISLAM DI TANAH MELAYU AISYAH BINTI AB RAHIM DISERTASI INI DIKEMUKAKAN UNTUK MEMENUHI KEPERLUAN IJAZAH SARJANA USULUDDIN ( SECARA KURSUS DAN DISERTASI ) JABATAN SEJARAH DAN TAMADUN ISLAM AKEDEMI PENGAJIAN ISLAM UNIVERSITI MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR 2012 ABSTRAK Kajian ini adalah mengenai seorang tokoh pejuang negara bernama Shamsiah Fakeh. Walaubagaimanapun ramai yang mengenalinya sebagai seorang tali barut komunis dan digelar sebagai Wanita Besi Parti Komunis Malaya. Beliau merupakan antara tokoh terawal yang membentuk peranan wanita yang bersifat progresif di Malaya. Beliau berani mencabar budaya konservatif pada masa itu yang menganggap peranan wanita sebagai kurang penting dan terhad kepada peranan di dapur sahaja. Sepanjang kajian ini, kita dapat mempelajari bahawa sehingga ke akhir hayatnya, beliau merupakan seorang nasionalis sejati dan anti-British yang tegar. Terdapat beberapa persoalan yang ingin diketengahkan oleh penulis dalam kajian ilmiah ini. Antaranya seperti latar belakang Shamsiah Fakeh sehingga beliau dikenali sebagai pejuang wanita di Tanah Melayu, bagaimana pergerakan wanita Melayu dalam memperjuangkan kemerdekan di Tanah Melayu dan apakah sejarah dan perjuangan yang dilakukan oleh Shamsiah Fakeh di Tanah Melayu serta bagaimanakah penilaian masyarakat terhadap perjuangan dan sumbangan yang dilakukan oleh Shamsiah Fakeh. Penulis berharap dengan adanya kajian seperti ini, segala tanggapan negatif dan tomahan yang dilemparkan kepada Shamsiah Fakeh dapat diubah. Hal ini kerana penulis berpendapat setiap manusia mempunyai hak tersendiri untuk berjuang, terutamanya demi negara tercinta. Walaupun parti yang dianggotai oleh beliau berhaluan kiri dan tidak diterima oleh kerajaan tetapi beliau ikhlas berjuang mempertahankan tanah air daripada penjajah. Semoga Allah S.W.T memberkati perjuangan beliau. ii ABSTRACT This research is a study about Shamsiah Fakeh, a nationalist figure. However she was famous to many as a veteran Communist leader, known by her nick name “the Italia Lady of the Communist Party of Malaya". She was the pioneer to shape the progressive role of women in Malaya. She dares to challenge the conservative culture and the patriarchy system of the time, which kept the woman role in society as secondary and domestication. Throughout the study, one can sense that she was, until the very end, a strong nationalist and staunchly anti-British. This study is to answer some of the main questions such as Shamsiah Fakeh‟s early life and how she become a nationalist and a revolutionaire in Tanah Melayu, the progression of the Malay women movement for the independence of Tanah Melayu, the history and experiences of Shamsiah Fakeh in her fight for Tanah Melayu freedom and also the community‟s acceptance of Shamsiah Fakeh and her sacrifices for Tanah Melayu. Hopefully, this study will answers all the negative thought about Shamsiah Fakeh and do her some justice. Every person deserves to fight for something they believe in, especially when it comes to sacrifices their life for their beloved country. Even though at the time, she choose to join left-wing political party, but she sacrificed her life and fought hard from the cruelty of colonizers. May Allah S.W.T. bless her soul. iii PENGHARGAAN Segala puji bagi Allah S.W.T.,Tuhan Semesta Alam. Selawat dan salam kepada nabi junjungan kita Muhammad s.a.w., seluruh keluarga baginda, para sahabat baginda dan mereka yang berjuang untuk Islam selepasnya. Alhamdulillah, setelah bertungkus lumus selama beberapa tahun, walaupun terdapat banyak halangan, akhirnya kajian bertajuk Shamsiah Fakeh : Kajian Terhadap Perjuangan Wanita Di Tanah Melayu Antara Tahun 1924-2008 ini bejaya disiapkan. Penulis akui bahawa amat sukar untuk menyiapkan latihan ilmiah ini tanpa adanya pertolongan dari Ilahi serta bantuan dan kerjasama daripada pelbagai pihak. Justeru itu, dikesempatan ini, penulis ingin merakamkan kata-kata penghargaan yang tidak terhingga kepada individu dan pihak terbabit. Setinggi-tinggi ucapan terima kasih buat Prof. Madya Dr. Ahmad Zaki Berahim @ Ibrahim dan Dr. Abdullah bin Yusof selaku penyelia yang telah banyak meluangkan masa memberi bimbingan dan tunjuk ajar sepanjang proses menyiapkan kajian ini. Semoga segala jasa baik dan tunjuk ajar yang telah diberikan mendapat ganjaran yang sewajarnya di sisi Allah s.w.t. Penghargaan dirakamkan buat kakitangan Akademi Pengajian Islam, Universiti Malaya terutama kepada barisan pensyarah yang telah banyak mencurahkan ilmu pengetahuan sepanjang keberadaan penulis di lembah ilmu perdana ini. Semoga Allah s.w.t melimpahkan nikmat-Nya kepada kalian di dunia dan akhirat. iv Segugus jambangan kasih penulis abadikan untuk keluarga, teristimewa buat ayahanda dan bonda tercinta di atas kasih dan sayang, sokongan, dorongan, dan sumbangan material yang diberikan. Sesungguhnya, semuanya itu tidak mungkin anakanda mampu membalasnya. Ucapan jutaan terima kasih yang tidak terhingga buat suami tersayang yang tidak jemu-jemu membantu dan memberi sokongan kepada penulis dalam menyiapkan kajian ini dan anak yang sentiasa menjadi api pendorong. Tidak lupa juga abang-abang, kakak dan adik-adik yang dikasihi, teruskan perjuangan mengejar cita-cita. Semoga Allah memberkati dan merahmati kalian semua. Ucapan terima kasih seterusnya penulis layangkan buat En. Jamaluddin Ibrahim dan En. Hazman Hashim yang telah banyak memberikan kerjasama kepada penulis untuk menyiapkan kajian ini, serta individu-individu yang terlibat dalam proses temubual yang dijalankan. Buat rakan-rakan seperjuangan, semoga ikatan ukhuwah ini berkekalan hingga ke akhir hayat. Akhirnya, ribuan terima kasih diucapkan kepada semua yang terlibat sama ada secara langsung atau tidak langsung dalam membantu penulis menyiapkan kajian ini. Hanya Allah sahaja yang mampu membalas budi kalian. Sekian, Wassalam. Aisyah binti Ab.Rahim, Kampung Kuala Merah, 09300 Kuala Ketil, Kedah Darul Aman. 23 Mac 2012 v KATA PENGANTAR Alhamdulillah, syukur kehadrat Allah s.w.t kerana dengan limpah kurnia-Nya penulis berjaya menyempurnakan kajian ini, yang bertajuk “Shamsiah Fakeh : Kajian Terhadap Perjuangan Wanita Di Tanah Melayu Antara Tahun 1924-2008” sebagai memenuhi syarat yang telah ditetapkan oleh Akademi Pangajian Islam, Universiti Malaya untuk mendapatkan Ijazah Sarjana Usuluddin. Syukur kepada Tuhan, dengan izin dan bantuan-Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan kajian ini dengan sempurna. Penulis bersyukur kerana mendapat sokongan dan mendengar sendiri kisah Shamsiah daripada anakanda beliau, En.Jamaluddin Ibrahim. Daripada anakanda beliau, penulis dapat mengenali serba sedikit tentang latar belakang Shamsiah Fakeh. Jutaan terima kasih diucapakan kepada En.Jamaluddin Ibrahim atas kerjasama yang diberikan kepada penulis. Penulis memilih tajuk ini kerana penulis mendapati kisah perjuangan beliau begitu menarik dan sangat sesuai untuk dikaji. Hal ini kerana beliau merupakan tokoh kemerdekaan wanita yang lain dari tokoh wanita yang lain. Beliau adalah pemimpin wanita yang berjuang memerdekakan tanah air daripada penjajah British, sehingga sanggup masuk dan tinggal di dalam hutan. Beliau adalah wanita Melayu yang berani berjuang dengan mengangkat senjata. Mendalami kajian mengenai Shamsiah Fakeh, membuka mata penulis supaya melihat kisah perjuangan menuntut kemerdekaan daripada perspektif berbeza dan vi dengan lebih luas lagi. Mungkin kisah beliau dan rakan-rakan tidak dianggap penting dalam sejarah tanah air bagi sebilangan masyarakat. Namun bagi penulis, usaha yang yang dilakukan oleh beliau dan semangat pengorbanan yang bukan calang-calang itu, perlu diangkat ke satu aras yang lebih tinggi. Seputih mana pun sehelai kain, jika terpalit lumpur kotor juga jadinya. Begitulah pandangan ramai terhadap Shamsiah Fakeh. Tidak dinafikan betapa komunisme pernah menjadi satu pengalaman pahit dalam sejarah negara. Kekejaman dan tipu daya komunis tiada bezanya dengan kejahatan penjajah British. Dan kita sebagai generasi penerus masa depan negara amat bersyukur kerana kita merdeka dan diperintah melalui demokrasi berperlembagaan. Tetapi siapa kita untuk menghukum dan melabel? Justeru itu, diharapkan kajian ini dapat sedikit sebanyak memberikan gambaran kepada pembaca mengenai situasi sebenar yang berlaku di Tanah Melayu dalam menuntut kemerdekaan daripada penjajah. Selain itu, penulis berharap kajian ini dapat membantu menjawab pelbagai persepsi dan persoalan yang timbul di fikiran rakyat, apabila mendengar nama Shamsiah Fakeh. Mudah-mudahan roh Allahyarhamah Shamsiah Fakeh ditempatkan di kalangan orang-orang yang beriman dan dikasih Tuhan. Al-Fatihah. vii TRANSLITERASI Konsonon Huruf Jawi Huruf Rumi Huruf Jawi Huruf Rumi _„ ع „_ ء Gh غ A ا F ف B ب Q ق T ت K ك Th ث L ل J ج M م H ح N ن Kh خ W و D د H ه Z ذ Y ي R ر t- ة Z ز S س Sy ش Sh ص Dh ض Th ط Zh ظ viii Vokal Pendek Vokal Panjang Diftong ay ..… ا ي a ..… ا a ..… aw ..… ا و i ..… ي i ..… u ..… و u ..… Sumber : Pedoman Transliterasi Huruf A‟rab ke Huruf Rumi, ( 1998 ), Kuala Lumpur, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, bagi Jawatankuasa Tetap Bahasa Malaysia, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. ix DAFTAR ISI SHAMSIAH FAKEH (1924-2008) : KAJIAN TERHADAP PERJUANGAN WANITA ISLAM DI TANAH MELAYU KANDUNGAN HALAMAN ABSTRAK ii PENGHARGAAN iv KATA PENGANTAR vi TRANSLITERASI viii DAFTAR ISI x SINGKATAN PERKATAAN xiv SENARAI JADUAL xvi BAB SATU
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