INDEX

Note: Pages numbers followed by “n” refer to notes.

A anti-British, 13–14 Abdullah, C.D., 48 in India, 26 Abdul Rahman Ya’kub, 94 anti-colonialism, 60 , 92 anti-colonial nationalism, 140 Ah Moke, 37, 61, 72 power of, 137 All-Malayan Council of Joint Anti-Fascist Committee of Soviet Action (AMCJA), 53 Youth, 66 All-Union Council of Trade Anti-Fascist People’s Freedom Unions, 177 League, 66 All-Union Leninist Young anti-tank regiment, 19 Communist League, 66 Arthur Lim, 178n1 AMCJA. See All-Malayan Council ASEAN. See Association of of Joint Action (AMCJA) Southeast Asian Nations AMCJA/PUTERA group, 59 (ASEAN) American Revolution, 122–23, Asia Foundation, 113 128–30 Association of Southeast Asian and French Revolution, Nations (ASEAN), 182 129–30 An Autobiography (Nehru), 13, 16 B Anglo-Malay agreements, 53 Balakrishnan, V.R., 175 Anglo-Malay sovereignty, 54 Ballas, Jacob, 78 anti-Asian sentiment, 10–11 Battle of , 21

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Battle of Waterloo, 127 children, intellectually Bayly, Christopher, 41 handicapped, 87–90 Bernstein, Eduard, 182 Chinese Communist Party, 32, Bettelheim, Bruno, 189 150, 155–56 Bloodworth, Dennis, 67 , 37, 62 Boestaman, Ahmad, 38, 48, 58 Churchill, Winston, 57, 159 Bose, Rash Behari, 24–25 Civil Disobedience Campaign, Bose, Subhas Chandra, 25 56 Boswell, Wilbur, 82 Civil Rights Convention, 106 Braga-Blake, Myrna, 10 civil servants, 117–18 British Commonwealth, 44 Civil War, 124, 129 British Empire, 11–12, 17 CJA. See Council of Joint Action British imperialism, 13 (CJA) British Military Administration, 34 Clarke, Hilda, 86–87 Burhanuddin al-Helmy, 38, 48 columnist Burke, Edmund, 130 de Cruz as, 7 Burmese Communist Party, 66 for New Nation, 181–92 Comber, Leon, 60 C Commonwealth Office, 79 Calcutta conference, 65–66, 68 communism, 87, 93, 106, 119, Cape of Good Hope, 19 122 Carey Island, 36 books, 137, 145–58 CC AUCP (B). See Central in China, 183 Committee of the All- and democratic , Union Communist Party (of 150–52 Bolsheviks) (CC AUCP (B)) dialectical and historical Central Committee of the All- materialism, 148 Union Communist Party (of Eastern Europe, 84 Bolsheviks) (CC AUCP (B), indoctrination, 148 66 and nationalism, 150 Chan Heng Chee, 98 pro-communist Barisan Chan Ming Chen, 49, 52 Sosialis, 153 Chaplin, Charlie, 171 rift with, 61–73 Chew Swee Kee, 101, 108–9, 111 in Singapore, 155

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communist guerrillas Declaration of Independence, and British, wartime 128 collaboration between, 34 decolonization, 137 communist insurgency in de Cruz, Adam, 201–2 Malaya, 146 de Cruz, Coral, 80, 107–8 Communist Manifesto, The, 131–32 de Cruz, Gerald Evelyn, 19 Communist Party, 91, 106, 146, in Athens, 81 149, 153 awarded a gold medal by Communist Party of NTUC in 1970, 168 Czechoslovakia, 82 birthday programme, 88–90 Communist Party of Great books, 136–61 Britain, 84, 86 in British electoral politics, 91 Communist Party of India, 65 childhood and youth, 9–17 Conceicao, Joe, 30 as columnist, 7 Conference of Youth and columnist for New Nation, Students of Southeast Asia 181–92 Fighting for Freedom and communism, 147–58 Independence, 65 community life, 3 Conservative Party, 94 democracy, 158–61 Co-operative Movement, trade democratic socialism, 5–6 unions and development Eurasian Progressive of, 46 Movement, 27–30 Cooper, Richard, 184 Fabian Society, 132–35 Corridon, Richard, 105 family of, 9–10, 194–202 cosmopolitanism, 144–45 friend of labour, 167–78 Council of Joint Action (CJA), going abroad, 77–85 50, 52–61 in India, 78 Cultural Revolution, 135, 155–57 involvement with boycott, Czech Embassy in Rome, 82 MNP, 51 Czech Secret Police, 83–84 job in ancillary medical services, 86 D joined MDU, 45–46 David Marshall, 4, 14, 91, 94, as journalist, 7 99–105, 107, 110, 112, 117 journalistic skills, 168

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labour’s improvement, Efimova, Larisa, 66 contribution to, 6–7 Emergency Regulations, 21 lecture notes on American Employment Act, 168 Revolution of 1776, English Revolution, 122–23, 128 128–30 Eurasian Association, 10, 28 in , 86 Eurasian community, 20, 29 Machine-Gun Regiment, 21 Eurasian Progressive Association, Merger, 112–14 42 nationalism, 137–47 Eurasian Progressive Movement, nationalism and socialism, 20 27–30, 77 paper on workers’ education, 169 Papers, 120–36 F parents of, 23 Fabian Colonial Bureau, 96 in People’s Action Party, 106 Fabian doctrine, 134 People’s Constitution, 53–54 Fabian Society, 132–35 PMCJA’s representative, 54 and Marxist approaches, politics, 3–4, 90–96 134–35 President of PMCJA, 55 nationalization, 133–34 Radio Saigon, 24 political equality for women, 134 religion, 4 prevention of “sweated as revisionist, 6 labour”, 133 serial blood donor, 186 reformist demands, 133 social programme, 88 socialism, 134 teaching, 5 Fellowship of the New Life voluntary service, 5 movement, 132 de Cruz, Joshua, 11 feudalism, 138–39 de Cruz, Simon Tensing, 196–99 Forum on Communism, 152 Democrat, The, 36, 38 Forum on Nationalism, 141 Department of Motivation, Fountain Hospital for Mentally- 174–75 Retarded Children, London, Devan, Janadas, 178n1 86, 88 Free India Radio Saigon, 25–27 E French Revolution, 123, 137, Eber, John, 20, 28–29, 53, 92–94 142, 147

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American Revolution and, independence, 99 129–30 India Burke, Edmund, 130–31 anti-British feeling in, 26 modernity, 138–39 de Cruz, Gerald, 78 and nationalism, 138 and Singapore, 13 Indian Army, 26 G Indian independence movement, Gammans, L.D., 91 24–25 Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand, Indian National Army (INA), 3, 25 25–26, 56 Indonesian Communist Party, , 92–93, 116–17, 154–55 120 Indonesian liberation movement Gordon, Shirle, 113 in 1946, 65 Grand Alliance, 63 Industrial Revolution, 123, Great Depression, 13 137–40, 147 Gwee Ah Leng, 190 intellectually handicapped children, 87–90 H Intelligence Quotient (IQ), 86 Hack, Karl, 68 Intelligent Woman’s Guide to Harper, Tim, 42 Socialism and Capitalism, The Hassan, Inayat, 25–26, 78–80 (Shaw), 27–28 Hatta, 47 IQ. See Intelligence Quotient Herzberg, F., 172 (IQ) Hinton, Harold, 189 Ishak bin Haji Mohammed, 48 Hoalim, Philip, 50 Islam, impact of on , 113 Hobbes, Thomas, 124–25 Ho Chi Minh, 32 J Hoffman, Leslie, 35 Jaganathan, S., 103 Japanese Occupation, 11, 55, 77 I Eurasian Progressive imperialism, 137, 140, 143, 148 Movement, 27–30 Impregnable Fortress, 19 Radio Saigon, 24 INA. See Indian National Army Sherwood Foresters Anti-Tank (INA) Gunners, 19

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journalist, de Cruz as, 7 Lee Foundation, 113 Jupp, Audrey, 90 , 99, 100, 107, 109–11, 113, 116–17, 167 K Malayan Forum, 94 Katz, Daniel, 172 and Marshall, David Saul, Kennan, George, 63–64 105–6 Kennedy, John, 185 Lee Song, 65 Kennedy, Robert, 185 Lee Yew Seng, 103 Kesatuan Melayu Muda (KMM), Liau, Philip, 197 47 Liberal Socialist Party, 111 King, Martin Luther, 185 Likert, Rensis, 172 KMM. See Kesatuan Melayu Lim Chin Siong, 167 Muda (KMM) Lim Hong Bee, 30, 35, 46, 67, Komsomol, 66 83, 92 Kristac, Max, 27 Lim Kean Chye, 49, 52 Kuok Ping Chen, Billy, 15, 36, , 96, 99, 101, 109 53 leadership styles, 103–5 Singapore People’s Alliance, 111 L Locke, John, 124–26 Labour Front, 92, 96, 98–101, Loi Tek, 49, 61–62 103–4, 109, 111–12 Central Committee of, 99 M funds, 110 Machine-Gun Regiment, 20–21 and Trades Union Congress, Magna Carta, 123 95 Mak Pak Shee, 98–99, 103 Labour Government, 87–88 Labour in a Technological (MCP), 3–4, 28, 37–38, 59, Society: Action Programme 152, 161 for the 70’s, 171 Chinese-educated leadership labour movement, 90, 169 of, 33 Labour Party, 94 Council of Joint Action (CJA), formation of, 134–35 50 La Brooy, Sholto, 21–22 formed in Singapore, 32 Laycock, John, 50 Labour Party, 47–48

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Malayan Democratic Union leadership styles, 103–4 (MDU), 30, 41–51, 59, 77 and Lee Kuan Yew, 105–6 Central Committee meeting, resignation of, 91–92, 94–96, 59 98–102 de Cruz joined, 45–46 Marshall, George C., 63 Manifesto, 42–45 Marshall, Jean, 107–8 Malayan Forum, 92, 94 Marshall Plan, 63 Malayan independence, 90–91 Mausner, M., 172 and, 92 May Fourth movement of 1919, Malayan People’s Anti-Japanese 32 Army (MPAJA), 47 Mayo, Elton, 171 Malayan Security Service (1948), McNiece, Sir Percy, 78 51 MCP. See Malayan Communist Malayan Union, 36, 45 Party (MCP) Malay Nationalist Party (MNP), MDU. See Malayan Democratic 46–48, 59 Union (MDU) , 29, 93 Merger, 112–14 anti-colonial movement in, 32 Mind in the Making, The communal tensions in, 42 (Robinson), 28 communist insurgency in, 146 Ming, Ah, 36 during immediate post-war MNP. See Malay Nationalist Party years, 41 (MNP) Indian independence More, Thomas, 182 movement in, 24–25 Moscow Institute, 177 nationalism, 71 Mostyn, Lyn, 91 peasants, development of in, 113 MPAJA. See Malayan People’s rabble-rousing in, 87 Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA) referendum campaign, 127 Mydin, Rashid, 48 Malay Sultans, 53 Manifesto, MDU, 42–45 N Maoism, 132 Nair, C.V. Devan, 167, 178n1, Maoist China, 184 200 Marshall, David Saul, 14, 107–8, NAMH. See National Association 112, 196, 198 for Mental Health (NAMH)

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Nathan, S.R., 119 P National Association for Mental Pakistan Special Branch, 79 Health (NAMH), 86 Pan-Malayan Council of Joint nationalism, 20, 71, 137–47 Action (PMCJA), 53, 57, 78, communism and, 150 113 cosmopolitanism, 145 Pan-Malayan Federation of Trade French Revolution and, Unions (PMFTU), 38, 52, 59 138–39 PAP. See People’s Action Party imperialism and fascism, 140 (PAP) nationalization, Fabian Society, Papers, de Cruz, Gerald 133–34 American Revolution, 128–30 National Service in Singapore, 140 English Revolution, 122–24 National Trades Union Congress Fabian Society, 132–35 (NTUC), 167 French Revolution, 130–31 National Productivity Greeks, 120–22 Board and employers’ humanity, 135 federations, 175 Patel, Akbar, 79–80 Seminar on the Modernization People’s Action Party (PAP), of the Labour Movement, 111–12, 116, 143 168 Civil Rights Convention, 106 symposium, 171 in elections, 109–10 Nehru, Jawaharlal, 25–27 pro-Communist leaders in, 105 New Democratic Youth League, 42 People’s Constitution of New Nation, columnist for, Malaysia, 59, 113 181–92 People’s Liberation Army (PLA), Nixon, Richard, 185 156 NTUC. See National Trades People’s United Front, 46 Union Congress (NTUC) Phipps, Coral, 77–79 PLA. See People’s Liberation O Army (PLA) Ong Eng Guan, 110–11 Platonic idealism in politics, 122 Osborne House, 87, 89–90 PMCJA. See Pan-Malayan social programme at, 88 Council of Joint Action Osman China, 36–37, 39 (PMCJA)

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PMFTU. See Pan-Malayan Robert Yeo, 119 Federation of Trade Unions Robespierre, 130 (PMFTU) Robinson, James Harvey, 28 Political Study Centre, 116–20 Rojak Rebel, 201 Prakash, Jaya, 195, 199–201 Roth, Andrew, 96 Prakash, Judith, 178n1, 194–95 Rousseau, Jean Jacques, 124, about her father, 194–95 126–27 family, 195–96 royal absolutism, 129 Protestant economic settlement, Russian Revolution, 151 123 Russian trade union, 175 Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, The (Weber), S 123 Samsudin, Abdullah, 94 Puritanism, 123 Foundation, 94 Pusat Tenaga Rakyat, 50 Selwyn-Clarke, Hilda, 96 Semonov, Anatoly, 175–77 Q Sharma, P.V., 78, 167 Queen’s Scholarship class, 15 Shaw, Bernard, 133 Sherwood Foresters Anti-Tank R Gunners, 19 racism, 86 Simmons, A.C., 15 Radio Saigon, 24–25 Singapore , 15 anti-colonial movement in, 32 Rajah, T.T., 94 communism in, 155 Red Guards, 155–56 Council of Joint Action, 50 Red Republic of Malaya, 67 economic revolution, 169 referendum campaign, Malaysia, Eurasian community, 20 127 government, 117 Religion and the Rise of Capitalism harbour, 23 (Tawney), 123 India and, 13 Rendell Constitution, 103 Indian independence revisionism, ideological movement in, 24–25 legitimacy of, 182 Malayan Communist Party revisionist, de Cruz as, 6 (MCP) formed in, 32

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Malayan Democratic Union Soviet Union, 77, 81–82, 147, (MDU) contribution to 175, 183 social reform in, 45 Stalinism in, 131 nationalism, 142 Stalinism, in Soviet Union, 131 trade unionists, 175 Stalin, Josef, 83 Singapore Anti-British League, Stamford Raffles, 9 59 Stenson, Michael, 69 Singapore People’s Alliance, Stiletto, 187 formation of, 111 Straits Times, The, 7, 13–15, 19, Singapore Recreation Club, 11 21, 24, 28, 35 Singapore Trades Union STUC. See Singapore Trades Congress (STUC), 103 Union Congress (STUC) Singapore Women’s Federation, Suez Canal, 10 42 , 47, 66 Sino–American rapprochement, Sun Life Assurance Company, 182, 185 Canada, 78 Sino–Japanese War, 33 Suyin, Han, 60 Sino–Soviet split, 150, 158 “sweated labour”, prevention of, Slánský, Anna, 81–82 133 Slánský, Richard, 81–83 Slánský, Rudolf, 82–83 T Snyderman, B., 172 Tahr, Hashimy, 46 social contract, 126 Tan, C.C., 50 socialism, 20, 134 , 55–56, 78 origins of, 143 Tan, S.H., 110 socialist critique of imperialism, Taylor, Frederick, 171 42 Thomas, Francis, 101, 109, 111 Social Welfare Department, 77 Thomson, George, 30, 104, Societies Ordinance, 49 116–18, 120 Socrates, 135, 145 Thumboo, Jacko, 36, 53 Soviet Communism: A New Tiger and the Trojan Horse, The Civilisation (Sidney and (Bloodworth), 67 Webb), 73 , 94, 109 Soviet labour unions, 177 Trades Union Congress (TUC), 95

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Trade Union Movement, 46 W trade unions, 139 Wechsler-Bellevue Diagnostic Russia, 175 Tests, 87 Truman Doctrine, 63 women, political equality for, 134 Truman, Harry, 63 Woodford, Leslie, 14 TUC. See Trades Union Congress Workers’ Educational (TUC) Association, 90 Tunku Abdul Rahman, 92, 112 workers’ education, paper on, 169 Workers’ Party, 100 U Wu Tien Wang, 30, 35, 46 Union of Democratic Control, 90 Y , colonies of, Yeo Kim Wah, 41–42 128 Yong, C.F., 33 Utopia, 182 Yu-Foo Yee Shoon, 177 Utopian element in communism, 182 Z utopianism of Soviet Union, 183 Zainal Abidin, 113–14 Zaleznik, Abraham, 172–74 V Zhdanov, Andrei, 63–64 Vietnam War, 182 Zhdanov Line, 64–65, 68 Virginia’s Bill of Rights, 128 Zhou Enlai, 102, 156

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