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Dos Manuscritos Da Aritmética Elementar De Charles S Bolema: Boletim de Educação Matemática ISSN: 0103-636X ISSN: 1980-4415 UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Matemática Garnica, Antonio Vicente Marafioti; Souza, Leandro Josué de; Salandim, Maria Ednéia Martins Dos Manuscritos da Aritmética Elementar de Charles S. Peirce: uma breve apresentação e algumas considerações sobre sua tradução Bolema: Boletim de Educação Matemática, vol. 32, núm. 61, 2018, pp. 322-353 UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Matemática DOI: 10.1590/1980-4415v32n61a02 Disponível em: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=291265264004 Como citar este artigo Número completo Sistema de Informação Científica Redalyc Mais informações do artigo Rede de Revistas Científicas da América Latina e do Caribe, Espanha e Portugal Site da revista em redalyc.org Sem fins lucrativos acadêmica projeto, desenvolvido no âmbito da iniciativa acesso aberto ISSN 1980-4415 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-4415v32n61a02 Dos Manuscritos da Aritmética Elementar de Charles S. Peirce: uma breve apresentação e algumas considerações sobre sua tradução Peirce’s Primary Arithmetics: a brief presentation and some remarks on the translation of these manuscripts to Portuguese Antonio Vicente Marafioti Garnica ORCID iD 0000-0003-0750-8483 Leandro Josué de Souza ORCID iD 0000-0003-0441-4414 Maria Ednéia Martins Salandim ORCID iD 0000-0002-4866-9577 Resumo O artigo apresenta, um a um, os cinco manuscritos que compõem o que se pode chamar da Aritmética Elementar de Charles Sanders Peirce, quais sejam, aqueles chamados: Aritmética Elementar de Lydia Peirce, Aritmética Elementar (com sugestões para professores), Aritmética Elementar de Peirce (Sobre o Método Psicológico), Aritmética Elementar de C. S. Peirce e suas principais características, e Aritmética Prática. Traz, também, algumas considerações acerca da primeira tradução desses textos para a língua portuguesa e de alguns aspectos da trajetória dos escritos de Peirce, publicados ou não, até que projetos específicos de sistematização e publicação fossem criados. Assim, este texto trata de arrematar uma hermenêutica inicial já iniciada em outros textos dos mesmos autores. Palavras-chave: Charles Sanders Peirce. Aritmética Elementar. Tradução. Educação Matemática. História. Abstract This paper aims to present the five manuscripts of the so-called Peirce´s Primary Arithmetics (Lydia Peirce´s Doutor em Educação Matemática pela Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Rio Claro/SP. Docente do Departamento de Matemática da UNESP, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil e dos Programas de Pós-graduação em Educação Matemática UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil e Educação para a Ciência UNESP, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil. Endereço para correspondência: Avenida Nações Unidas, 11-35/1101, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brasil, CEP: 17010-130. E-mail: [email protected]. Mestre em Educação para a Ciência pela Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Bauru/SP. Endereço para correspondência: Vila Operária, 78, Olaria, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, CEP: 28620-030. E-mail: [email protected]. Doutora em Educação Matemática pela Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Rio Claro/SP. Docente do Departamento de Matemática da UNESP, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil e do Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação para a Ciência UNESP, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil. Endereço para correspondência: Avenida Luis Edmundo C. Coube, s/n, Departamento de Matemática, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil, CEP: 17033- 360. E-mail: [email protected]. Bolema, Rio Claro (SP), v. 32, n. 61, p. 322-353, ago. 2018 322 ISSN 1980-4415 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-4415v32n61a02 Primary Arithmetic; Primary Arithmetic (with suggestions to teachers); Peirce´s Primary Arithmetic upon the psychological method; C.S.Peirce´s Vulgar Arithmetic: its main features, and Practical Arithmetic) and to sketch some remarks on the process of translating such manuscripts to Portuguese. This article is the last study related to some initial and brief hermeneutics already started in the other articles published by the same authors. Keywords: Charles Sanders Peirce. Primary Arithmetics. Translation. Mathematics Education. History. 1 Introdução Não foram poucos os textos publicados, em vida, por Charles Sanders Peirce (1839- 1914), mas, certamente, são em número bem maior os manuscritos inéditos deixados por ele, como anotações, registros, diários, cartas, listas, textos completos e textos inacabados. Edward C. Moore1, no prefácio de Peirce (1982), faz uma projeção de que as publicações de Peirce equivaleriam a cerca de 24 volumes de 500 páginas cada, já os manuscritos não publicados equivaleriam a 80 outros volumes. Essas tantas páginas não publicadas, segundo Brent (1998), um dos biógrafos de Peirce, foram elaboradas a partir de 1884, após sua saída da Johns Hopkins University2, até 1914, ano de sua morte. Houser (1998) destaca que foi no ano de 1914 que os manuscritos de Peirce iniciaram sua viagem em direção ao Departamento de Filosofia de Harvard. Os documentos eram um emaranhado de papéis muitíssimo desorganizados, como o próprio Peirce reconheceu em um de seus manuscritos, afirmando que nem ele próprio seria capaz de organizar esses fragmentos. Apenas em meados da década de 1930, Charles Hartshorne, juntamente com Paul Weiss, conseguiu editar seis volumes com parte desses manuscritos, então publicados pela Harvard University Press, entre 1935 e 1937, sob o título de Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, hoje considerados um marco para a filosofia americana. Mais dois volumes foram editados por Arthur Burks, em 1958, e agregados aos de Hartshorne e Weiss, estimulando o estudo a respeito do pensamento peirceano. Já havia passado mais de uma década da publicação inicial dos Collected Papers quando Carolyn Eisele foi convidada a ministrar a disciplina de História da Matemática no Hunter College, onde era professora desde 1923. Eisele nasceu em Nova York, em 1902. Seus estudos em pós-graduação foram realizados na Columbia University, onde teve contato com o 1 Edward C. Moore (1917-1993) foi diretor fundador do Peirce´s Edition Project, da Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, responsável pela publicação integral da obra de Peirce. 2 A Johns Hopkins University, criada em 1976, foi a primeira escola de pós-graduação dos Estados Unidos (PEIRCE, 1958), sendo, inclusive, a primeira instituição de pesquisa real que existiu no país, e seu sucesso é atribuído a Daniel Coit Gilman, seu primeiro presidente. Bolema, Rio Claro (SP), v. 32, n. 61, p. 322-353, ago. 2018 323 ISSN 1980-4415 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-4415v32n61a02 professor David Eugene Smith, que fora professor do Teachers College3 e era conhecido por seus trabalhos em História da Matemática. Além de ter publicado livros sobre o assunto, havia traduzido originais de Descartes e de Felix Klein para o público americano. Até onde se sabe, esse parece ter sido o primeiro contato de Carolyn Eisele com os estudos em História da Matemática, tema que a acompanharia durante toda sua carreira. Eisele especializou-se em Matemática e Educação, com ênfase em História da Matemática. Sem a possibilidade de doutorar-se pela Columbia – que à época não oferecia doutorado para mulheres – frequentou a University of Chicago e, mais tarde, a University of Southern California, sem, no entanto, ter concluído seu doutoramento devido a problemas familiares (seu pai acidentou-se, o que exigiu seus cuidados). Mesmo nunca tendo concluído o doutorado, foi professora do Departamento de Matemática e Estatística do Hunter College, de 1923 até sua aposentadoria. Seu reconhecimento profissional veio a partir de seus estudos sobre Charles Sanders Peirce. Após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, quando já contava com uma experiência de 25 anos como professora universitária, Eisele foi convidada a lecionar a disciplina de História da Matemática. Visando preparar-se para essa função, valeu-se de uma licença sabática de um semestre para buscar fontes específicas na Columbia University – que, já à época, possuía um prestigiado arquivo sobre esse assunto. Foi naquele período, segundo seus biógrafos (GLEASON; DAUBEN, 2004), que Eisele descobriu um livro sobre o Liber Abaci, de Fibonacci, do século XIII, com anotações de Charles Sanders Peirce. Os comentários desse autor, aparentemente, a impressionaram de uma tal maneira que ela decidiu escrever sobre essa sua descoberta, julgando que Peirce, autor das anotações, mereceria pesquisa mais detalhada. Seu artigo foi bastante bem recebido, do que resultou um convite, feito a ela pelo editor científico da Princeton University Press, para publicar um livro sobre Charles Sanders Peirce, com o que se aprofundou seu interesse por esse autor, que ela ajudou a estabelecer como um filósofo profundamente comprometido com a Matemática e com a História da Ciência, já que, até então, Peirce era mais conhecido por seu vínculo com o Pragmatismo4. Financiada pela American Philosophical Society, em 1954 Eisele publica um 3 O Teachers College é uma prestigiada unidade da Columbia University, a primeira e maior Escola de Educação dos Estados Unidos. 4 Em sentido amplo, o pragmatismo é a teoria do significado, ou melhor, sobre como fazer uma afirmação acerca do significado de algo. Como o fundador do Pragmatismo, Peirce, mais tarde, altera o nome de sua teoria para Pragmaticismo, em uma tentativa de diferenciá-la
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