DOCSLIB.ORG

The Kerala Panchayat Raj Act & Rules

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Kerala Panchayat Raj Act & Rules THE KERALA PANCHAYAT RAJ ACT & RULES l THE KERALA PANCHAYAT RAJ ACT 1994 l THE KERALA PANCHAYAT RAJ RULES l CONSTITUTION 73RD AMENDMENT ACT l GUIDELINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF TENTH FIVE- YEAR PLAN OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS CD-ROM version prepared by KERALA INSTITUTE OF LOCAL ADMINISTRATION Mulagunnathu kavu, Thrissur-680581 CONTENTS Chapter 1 : Preliminary Chapter 2 : Grama Sabha Chapter 3 : Constitution of Panchayats at Different Levels Chapter 4 : Delimitation of Constituencies Chapter 5 : Officers and Staff of State Election Commission Chapter 6 : Preparation of Electoral Rolls Chapter 7 : Qualifications and Disqualifications Chapter 8 : Notification of General Elections and Administrative Machinery for the Conduct of Elections Chapter 9 : Conduct of Elections Chapter 10 : Disputes Regarding Election Chapter 11 : Corrupt Practices and Electoral Offences Chapter 12 : Staff Election Commission Chapter 13 : General Provisions Regarding Elections Chapter 14 : Provision Relating to Members and President of Panchayats Chapter 15 : Meetings, Powers, Functions, Duties and Property of Panchayats Chapter 16 : Officers and Employees of Panchayats Chapter 17 : Finance Commission and Its Powers Chapter 18 : Functions of the Government Chapter 19 : Finance and Taxation Chapter 20 : Public Safety, Convenience and Health Chapter 21 : Buildings Chapter 21A : General and miscellaneous Chapter 22 : Rules, Bye-Laws and Penalties for Their Breach Chapter 23 : Penalties Chapter 24 : Registration of Tutorial Institutions Chapter 25 : Registration of Private Hospitals and Paramedical Institutions Chapter 25A : Right to Information Chapter 25B : Ombudsman for Local Self Government Institutions Chapter 25C : Tribunal for Local Self Government Institutions Chapter 26 : Supplemental Provisions CHAPTER 1 PRELIMINARY Sections 1. Short tile, extend and commencement 2. Definitions CHAPTER II GRAMA SABHA Sections 3. Grama Sabha 3A. Powers, functions and rights of Grama Sabha 3B. Responsibilities of Grama Sabha CHAPTER III CONSTIUTION OF PANCHAYATS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS Sections 4. Power of the Government to constitute and specify the name and headquarters of panchayat. 5. Incorporation and administration of Panchayats 6. Strength of Panchayats 7. Composition of Village Panchayat 8. Composition of Block Panchayat 9. Composition of District Panchayat CHAPTER IV DELIMITATION OF CONSTITUENTS Sections 10. Division of Panchayats into constituents 10A Review of final orders by State Election Commission 11. Power to rectify printing mistakes etc. CHAPTER V OFFICERS AND STAFF OF STATE ELECTION COMMISSION Sections 12 Staff of State Election Commission 13 District Election Officers 14 Electoral Registration Officer 15 Assistant Electoral Registration Officer CHAPTER VI PREPARATION OF ELECTORAL ROLL Sections 16 Electoral roll for every constituency 17 Disqualifications for registration in an electoral roll 18 No person to be registered more than one constituency 19 No person to be registered more than once in any constituency 20 Conditions for registration 21 Meaning of ‘ordinarily resident’. 22 Preparation and revision of electoral rolls 23 Correction of entries in electoral rolls 24 Inclusion of names in electoral rolls 25 Appeals 26 Fee for applications and appeals 27 Making false declarations 28 Breach of official duty in connection with the preparation etc. of electoral rolls. CHAPTER VII QUALIFICATIONS AND DISQUALIFICATIONS Sections 29 Qualifications for membership of a Panchayat 30 Disqualification of officers and employees of Government, Local authorities etc. 31 Disqualification of persons convicted for certain offences 32 Disqualification on ground of corrupt practices 33 Disqualification for failure to lodge account of election expenses 34 Disqualification of candidates 35 Disqualification of members 35A Cessation of membership 36 Determination of subsequent disqualification of a member 37 Restoration of membership CHAPTER VIII NOTIFICATION OF GENERAL ELECTION AND ADMINISTRATIVE MACHINERY FOR THE CONDUCT OF ELECTIONS Sections 38 Notification for general election to Panchayats 39 Delegation of functions of State Election Commission 40 General duties of District Election Officers 40A Election observers 41 Returning Officers 42 Assistant Returning Officers 43 Returning Officer to include. Assistant Returning Officers performing the functions of the Returning Officer 44 General duty of the Returning Officers 45 Provision of polling stations 46 Appointment of Presiding Officers for polling stations 47 General duty of the Presiding Officer 48 Duties of a polling officer 48A Returning Officer, Presiding Officer etc. deemed to be on deputation to the Election Commission CHAPTER IX CONDUCT OF ELECTIONS Sections 49 Appointment of dates for nominations etc. 50 Public notice of election 51 Nomination of candidates for election 52 Presentation of nomination paper and requirements for a valid nomination 53 Deposits 54 Notice of nominations and the time and place for their scrutiny 55 Scrutiny of nominations 56 Withdrawal of candidature 57 Publication of list of contesting candidates 58 Election agents 59 Disqualification for being an election agent 60 Revocation of the appointment or death of an election agent 61 Functions of election agents 62 Appointment of polling agents 63 Appointment of counting agents 64 Revocation of the appointment or death of a polling agent or counting agent 65 Functions of polling agents and counting agents 66 Attendance of contesting candidate or his election agent at polling stations and performance by him of the functions of a polling agent or counting agent 67 Non-attendance of polling or counting agents 68 Death of candidate before poll 69 Procedure in contested and uncontested elections 70 Fixing time for poll 71 Adjournment of poll in emergencies 72 Fresh poll in the case of destruction, etc. of ballot boxes 73 Countermanding of election or adjournment of poll on the ground of booth capturing 74 Manner of voting at elections 75 Special procedure for preventing personation of electors 76 Right to vote 77 Counting of votes 78 Destruction, loss etc. of ballot papers at the time of counting 79 Equality of votes 80 Declaration of results 81 Report of the result 82 Date of election of candidate 83 Publication of results of general election to the panchayat 83A Cessation of membership 84 Bye-elections to fill casual vacancies 85 Account of election expenses and maximum there of 86 Lodging of account with the officer authorized by the State Election Commission CHAPTER X DISPUTES REGARDING ELECTIONS Sections 87 Election petitions 88 The Court competent to try election petitions 89 Presentation of petitions 90 Parties to the petition 91 Contents of petition 92 Relief that may be claimed by the petitioner 93 Trial of election petitions 94 Procedure before the Court 95 Documentary evidence 96 Secrecy of voting not to be infringed 97 Answering of criminating questions and certificate of indemnity 98 Expense of witnesses 99 Recrimination when seat claims 100 Decision of the Courts 101 Other order to be made by the Courts 102 Grounds for declaring election to be void 103 Grounds for which a candidate other than the returned candidate may be declared to have been elected 104 Procedure in case of an equality of vote 105 Communication of orders of the Court 106 Transmission of order to the appropriate authority etc. and its publication 107 Effect of orders of the Court 108 Withdrawal of election petitions 109 Procedure for withdrawal of election petition 110 Report of withdrawal by the Court to the State Election Commission 111 Abatement of election petitions 112 Abatement or substitution on death of respondent 113 Appeals 114 Procedure in appeal 115 Security for costs 116 Security for costs from a respondent 117 Costs 118 Payment of costs out of security deposits and return of such deposits 119 Execution of orders as to costs CHAPTER XI CORRUPT PRACTICES AND ELECTORAL OFFENCES Sections 120 Corrupt practices 121 Promoting enmity between the classes in connection with election 122 Prohibition of public meetings on the day preceding the election day and on the election day 123 Disturbances at election meeting 124 Restrictions on the printing of pamphlets, posters etc. 125 Maintenance of secrecy of voting 126 Officers etc. at elections not to act for candidates or to influence voting 127 Prohibition of canvassing in or near polling stations 128 Penalty for disorderly conduct in or near polling stations 129 Penalty for misconduct at the polling station 130 Penalty for failure to observe procedure for voting 131 Penalty for illegal hiring or procuring of conveyances at elections 132 List of officers and staff of the Government Departments, local self government/institutions or other authorities and educational institutions to be furnished 133 Breaches of official duty in connection with elections 134 Requisitioning of premises etc. for election purposes 135 Penalty for Government servants of a local self government institution for acting as election agent, polling agent or counting agent 136 Removal of ballot papers from polling station to be an offence 137 Offence of booth capturing 138 Other offences and penalties there for CHAPTER XII STATE ELECTION COMMISSION Sections 139 Powers of the State Election Commission 140 Statements made by persons to the State Election Commission 141 Procedure to be followed by the State Election Commission 142 Protection of action taken in good faith CHAPTER XIII GENERAL PROVISIONS REGARDING ELECTIONS Sections 143 Extension
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Panchayati Raj and Watershed Management in India: Constraints and Opportunities
    Working Paper 114 PANCHAYATI RAJ AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT IN INDIA: CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES PARI BAUMANN December 1998 Overseas Development Institute Portland House Stag Place London SW1E 5DP 2 3 Acknowledgements This report is based largely on interviews with representatives from the Government, Panchayati Raj Institutions, NGOs, Self-help Groups and Academic Institutions. I would like to thank all of the respondents for the generous amounts of time they spared to discuss their experiences of Panchayati Raj and Watershed Development with me. I would like to thank Ashok Kumar of Development Alternatives in Bangalore for accompanying me on the visit to Gram Panchayats in Tumkur District. I would like to thank Write Arm in Bangalore for their logistical support in Bangalore, and for providing an inviting base from which to plan the work. Thank you also to Janet Seeley and Peter Reid, of the Rural Development Office of the Department for International Development in New Delhi, for suggesting contacts for interviews and for their interest in the study. 4 Contents Summary 6 Acronyms 9 1 Introduction 10 1.1 Introduction 10 1.2 Background 10 1.3 The terms of reference and research methodology 11 2 The legal framework and historical background 12 2.1 Brief outline of the new policies 12 2.2 Panchayati Raj and the 73rd Constitutional Amendment 12 2.3 State planning and the Guidelines 16 2.4 The research question 17 3 Decentralisation: the spirit and the letter of the law 19 3.1 Different types of decentralisation 19 3.2 Decentralisation
    [Show full text]
  • Office of Nagar Panchayat Ukhimath
    OFFICE OF NAGAR PANCHAYAT UKHIMATH DETAIL PROJECT REPORT,OF RAJIV AWAS YOJNA,UKHIMATH DETAIL PROJECT REPORT OF RAJIV AWAS YOJNA FOR UKHIMATH RAY PROJECTS OF DISASTER AREA IN UTTARAKHAND PROPOSED APPROVED APPROVED APPROVED UKIMATH IN UTTARAKHAND STATE Route Map Project Location 1.Ukhimath is a pilgrimage site in Rudraprayag district, Uttarakhand, India.It is at an elevation of 1311 metres and at a distance of 41 km fromRudraprayag. During the winters, the idols from Kedarnath temple, and Madhyamaheshwar are brought to Ukhimath and worshipped there for six months. 2.Ukhimath can be used as center destination for visiting different places located nearby, i.e. Madhmaheshwar (Second kedar),Tungnath ji (Third kedar) and Deoria Tal(natural fresh water lake) and many other picturesque places. 3.One of the town severely affected by water induced disaster occurred in 2013. 4. Population as per census 2011 :3125 5.Total area: 2.78263 sq.km RAY INTERVENTION 1. INTERVENTION : In-Situ Housing 2. WARD SPECIFIC : 4 Ward Areas 3. WARD AREAS : Identified by UKHIMATH NAGAR PANCHAYAT 4.OWNERSHIP OF LAND : BENEFICIARY OWNED 5. SLUM FREE CITY PLAN OF ACTION : COMPLIED Project Overview Information about the project area: Ukhimath •Nagar Panchayat Ukhimath created in 2013 •Population as per census 2011 :3125 •Mode of earning in town: :Service/Business/Labour Ward Population and area detail s.no Ward no Wards name Population Area(sq. km) 1 1 Gandhinagar 785 0.49125 2 2 Udaipur 760 0.5132 3 3 Omkareshwar 790 1.18977 4 4 Bhatteshwar 780 0.58841 Total 3125 2.78263
    [Show full text]
  • Strengthening of Panchayats in India: Comparing Devolution Across States
    Strengthening of Panchayats in India: Comparing Devolution across States Empirical Assessment - 2012-13 April 2013 Sponsored by Ministry of Panchayati Raj Government of India The Indian Institute of Public Administration New Delhi Strengthening of Panchayats in India: Comparing Devolution across States Empirical Assessment - 2012-13 V N Alok The Indian Institute of Public Administration New Delhi Foreword It is the twentieth anniversary of the 73rd Amendment of the Constitution, whereby Panchayats were given constitu- tional status.While the mandatory provisions of the Constitution regarding elections and reservations are adhered to in all States, the devolution of powers and resources to Panchayats from the States has been highly uneven across States. To motivate States to devolve powers and responsibilities to Panchayats and put in place an accountability frame- work, the Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India, ranks States and provides incentives under the Panchayat Empowerment and Accountability Scheme (PEAIS) in accordance with their performance as measured on a Devo- lution Index computed by an independent institution. The Indian Institute of Public Administration (IIPA) has been conducting the study and constructing the index while continuously refining the same for the last four years. In addition to indices on the cumulative performance of States with respect to the devolution of powers and resources to Panchayats, an index on their incremental performance,i.e. initiatives taken during the year, was introduced in the year 2010-11. Since then, States have been awarded for their recent exemplary initiatives in strengthening Panchayats. The Report on"Strengthening of Panchayats in India: Comparing Devolution across States - Empirical Assessment 2012-13" further refines the Devolution Index by adding two more pillars of performance i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Uttarakhand Van Panchayats
    Law Environment and Development JournalLEAD ADMINISTRATIVE AND POLICY BOTTLENECKS IN EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF VAN PANCHAYATS IN UTTARAKHAND, INDIA B.S. Negi, D.S. Chauhan and N.P. Todaria COMMENT VOLUME 8/1 LEAD Journal (Law, Environment and Development Journal) is a peer-reviewed academic publication based in New Delhi and London and jointly managed by the School of Law, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) - University of London and the International Environmental Law Research Centre (IELRC). LEAD is published at www.lead-journal.org ISSN 1746-5893 The Managing Editor, LEAD Journal, c/o International Environmental Law Research Centre (IELRC), International Environment House II, 1F, 7 Chemin de Balexert, 1219 Châtelaine-Geneva, Switzerland, Tel/fax: + 41 (0)22 79 72 623, [email protected] COMMENT ADMINISTRATIVE AND POLICY BOTTLENECKS IN EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF VAN PANCHAYATS IN UTTARAKHAND, INDIA B.S. Negi, D.S. Chauhan and N.P. Todaria This document can be cited as B.S. Negi, D.S. Chauhan and N.P. Todaria, ‘Administrative and Policy Bottlenecks in Effective Management of Van Panchayats in Uttarakhand, India’, 8/1 Law, Environment and Development Journal (2012), p. 141, available at http://www.lead-journal.org/content/12141.pdf B.S. Negi, Deputy Commissioner, Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi, India D.S. Chauhan, Department of Forestry, P.O. -59, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal) – 246 174, Uttarakhand, India N.P. Todaria, Department of Forestry, P.O. -59, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar (Garhwal) – 246 174, Uttarakhand, India, Email: [email protected] Published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 License TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study of Women in Local Government in India and Pakistan
    Journal of International Politics Volume 2, Issue 2, 2020, PP 24-32 ISSN 2642-8245 A Comparative Study of Women in Local Government in India and Pakistan Nadeem Malik* Development Studies Program, School of Social and Political Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia. *Corresponding Author: Nadeem Malik, Development Studies Program, School of Social and Political Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia ABSTRACT Women's participation and representation in politics at the local level is considered important for gender equity and women’s empowerment. The recent wave of decentralisation in the late 1990s in India and Pakistan promised to solve women-related community problems at the grass-root level and more importantly, to empower them socially, economically and politically. This article demonstrates the extent to which such aspirations could be realized. Keyword: women’s political representation, local government, India, Pakistan INTRODUCTION institutions and the donor countries. With few exceptions, this is most vividly illustrated by the The decade of the 1980s saw an increasing rise of political gangsters in the leadership of enthusiasm for decentralisation in developing parties, parliaments and executive bodies at the countries. The concept itself was part of the good local level in most countries1. The failure of governance agenda of the World Bank and decentralizing was due to inadequate local donor countries in the first world (Malik, 2016). It was thought that the failure of earlier government framework, ineffective implementation development paradigms (especially the structural or capture of local government by interest groups or adjustment program) was due to bad institutional a combination of these factors (Malik, 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • Community Based Monitoring System for Access to Basic Minimum Services, Kerala
    Community Based Monitoring System for Access to Basic Minimum Services, Kerala D Narayana Slim Haddad Smitha Aravind Katia Mohindra Paper to be presented at the PEP-CBMS conference in Dakar, June 16-20, 2004. Community Based Monitoring System for Access to Basic Minimum Services, Kerala 1. Introduction The paper presents a brief outline of the approach and results arrived so far of the CBMS in Kerala, India. The organization of the paper is as follows. It begins by presenting the attempt at democratic decentralization in India over the last ten years- the constitutional amendment, the structure of governance, and the mandate of the local governments. The problems faced by the local governments in fulfilling the mandate of data based planning and monitoring is explained followed by the presentation of the salient aspects of the project, Community Based Monitoring System for Access to Basic Minimum Services, Kerala. The attempt at building a database at the local level and the three track approach of the CBMS in Kerala is, then discussed in some detail. 2. The 73rd and 74th Amendments to the Constitution of India, which became law in April 1993, provided the foundation for a comparable democratic decentralization in the rural and urban areas respectively across the states of India. The Amendments made it mandatory for each state to constitute Local Self-Government Institutions (called Panchayats in rural areas) at the village, intermediate and district levels (except for states with less than two million population). The three-tier structure of governance in India following the formation of Panchayats and Municipalities is shown in Figure 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Porations and the Maharashtra Municipal Councils, Nagar Panchayats and Industrial Townships (Amendment and Continuance) Ordinance, 2016 (Mah
    ¨É½þÉ®úɹ]Åõ ¶ÉɺÉxÉ ®úÉVÉ{ÉjÉ +ºÉÉvÉÉ®úhÉ ¦ÉÉMÉ +É`ö ´É¹ÉÇ 2, +ÆEòú 59(2)] ¨ÉÆMɳý´ÉÉ®ú, +ÉìMɺ]õ 30, 2016/¦ÉÉpù 8, ¶ÉEäò 1938 [{ÉÞ¹`ä 10, ËEò¨ÉiÉ : ¯û{ɪÉä 27.00 +ºÉÉvÉÉ®úhÉ Gò¨ÉÉÆEòú 95 |ÉÉÊvÉEÞòiÉ |ÉEòɶÉxÉ ¨É½þÉ®úɹ]Åõ Ê´ÉvÉÉxɨÉÆb÷³ýÉSÉä +ÊvÉÊxÉªÉ¨É ´É ®úÉVªÉ{ÉɱÉÉÆxÉÒ |ÉJªÉÉÊ{ÉiÉ Eäò±Éä±Éä +vªÉÉnäù¶É ´É Eäò±Éä±Éä Ê´ÉÊxÉªÉ¨É +ÉÊhÉ Ê´ÉÊvÉ ´É xªÉÉªÉ Ê´É¦ÉÉMÉÉEòbÚ÷xÉ +ɱÉä±ÉÒ Ê´ÉvÉäªÉEäò (<ÆOÉVÉÒ +xÉÖ´ÉÉnù). In pursuance of clause (3) of article 348 of the Constitution of India, the following translation in English of the Maharashtra Municipal Corporations and the Maharashtra Municipal Councils, Nagar Panchayats and Industrial Townships (Amendment and Continuance) Ordinance, 2016 (Mah. Ord. XVI of 2016), is hereby published under the authority of the Governor. By order and in the name of the Governor of Maharashtra, P. H. MALI, Principal Secretary to Government, Law and Judiciary Department. [Translation in English of the Maharashtra Municipal Corporations and the Maharashtra Municipal Councils, Nagar Panchayats and Industrial Townships (Amendment and Continuance) Ordinance, 2016 (Mah. Ord. XVI of 2016), published under the authority of the Governor.] URBAN DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT Mantralaya, Madam Cama Marg, Hutatma Rajguru Chowk, Mumbai 400 032, dated the 30th August 2016. MAHARASHTRA ORDINANCE No. XVI OF 2016. AN ORDINANCE further to amend the Maharashtra Municipal Corporations Act and the Maharashtra Municipal Councils, Nagar Panchayats and Industrial Townships Act, 1965. WHEREAS the Governor of Maharashtra had promulgated the (Amendment) Bill, 2016 (L.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Decentralisation and Municipalities
    DECENTRALISATION AND MUNICIPALITIES The 73rd and 74th Constitution Amendment Acts are sister legislations passed by the Parliament in 1992. The 73rd Constitution Amendment Act provided directions for the creation of Panchayats in the rural areas and the 74th Constitution Amendment Act provided for the creation of Municipalities in urban areas. The two legislations laid a broad framework for the setting up of Panchayats and Municipalities by the states. The legislations also stipulated a time limit within which the state governments were to enact conforming legislations to enable setting up of Panchayats and Municipalities, that is by the 1st of July 1994. Prior to the enactment of these two legislations, the functioning of the local bodies was totally dependent on the whims and fancies of the state governments. The supersession of the local bodies was a very common occurrence. Further, the vital arms necessary for the efficient functioning of the local bodies such as the District Planning Committee, Metropolitan Planning Committee, Wards Committee, State Election Commission etc., are either missing or not in a functional state. Although the setting up of these institutions has been made mandatory by the Constitution, in most states they are still not in place. The reasons for their absence or ineffectivity have been discussed in this paper. The legislation apart from laying broad criteria for constitution, composition of Municipalities, elections/removal of Mayor or Chairpersons, qualification/disqualification of membership, setting up of State Election Commission etc., left it to the state governments to prescribe the actual norms. This was done while keeping in mind the federal nature of our political system and also since a minority government was tabling the Bill in the Parliament and was dependent on other regional parties for its passage.
    [Show full text]
  • UTTARAKHAND OPEN UNIVERSITY Teen Pani Bypass Road, Near Transport Nagar, Haldwani -263139 Phone No- 05946 - 261122, 261123 Toll Free No
    CYBER CRIMES AND CONSUMER PROTECTION IN CYBERSPACE CYL-104 [1] CYL- 104 Cyber Crimes And Consumer Protection in Cyber Space School of Law UTTARAKHAND OPEN UNIVERSITY Teen Pani Bypass Road, Near Transport Nagar, Haldwani -263139 Phone No- 05946 - 261122, 261123 Toll Free No. 18001804025 Fax No.- 05946-264232, Email- [email protected], http://uou.ac.in Uttarakhand Open University CYBER CRIMES AND CONSUMER PROTECTION IN CYBERSPACE CYL-104 [2] BOARD OF STUDIES Professor Girija Prasad Pande, Director, School of Law, Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani, Nainital. Professor J.S.Bisht, Faculty of Law,S.S. Jeena Campus, Almora,Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand. Professor B.P. Maithani, Former RTI Advisor, Government of Uttarakhand Mr. Deepankur Joshi, Coordinator School of Law, Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani, (Nainital). UNIT WRITING UNIT WRITERS UNIT [1] Dr. Razit Sharma, Assistant Professor, Unit- 1,2,3,4 Law College, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun Uttarakhand [2] Ms. Sapna Agarwal, Advocate High Court of Uttarakhand, Unit- 5,6,7 Nainital [3 Mr. Rajeev Bhatt, Advocate High Court of Uttarakhand, Ex. RTI Advisor Kumaun University Nainital, Ex. Assistant Professor Unity Unit- 8 ,9,10 Law College Rudrapur [4] Dr. Sushim Shukla, Assistant Professor, Unit- 11, 12, 13 Law College, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun Uttarakhand EDITOR Mr. Deepankur Joshi, Coordinator, School of Law, Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani, (Nainital) Copyright © Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani, Nainital Edition- 2018, Pre Publication copy for Limited Circulation ISBN- Publication- Directorate of Studies and Publication, Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani, Nainital. E- Mail: [email protected] . Uttarakhand Open University CYBER CRIMES AND CONSUMER PROTECTION IN CYBERSPACE CYL-104 [3] POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN CYBER LAW CYL- 104 CYBERCRIMES AND CONSUMER PROTECTION IN CYBER SPACE INDEX S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Manipur Municipalities Act, 1994 ___Arrangement of Sections
    THE MANIPUR MUNICIPALITIES ACT, 1994 ____________ ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS _____________ CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY SECTIONS 1. Short title, extent and commencement. 2. Definitions. CHAPTER II CONSTITUTION OF MUNICIPALITIES 3. Constitution of municipalities. 4. Effect of exclusion of local area from municipality. 5. Election and maintenance of boundary marks. CHAPTER III NAGAR PANCHAYAT 6. Incorporation of Nagar Panchayat. 7. Composition of Nagar Panchayat. 8. Application of certain provisions relating to Council in case of Nagar Panchayat. 9. Chairperson and Vice-Chairperson of Nagar Panchayat. 10. Election of Chairperson and Vice-Chairpersons. 11. Resignation by Chairperson, Vice Chairperson and Councillor. 12. Remuneration to Chairperson and Vice-Chairperson. CHAPTER IV MUNICIPAL COUNCIL 13. Incorporation of Municipal Council. 14. Municipal administration. 15. Composition of Council. 16. Constitution and composition of Wards Committees. 17. Reservation of seats. 18. Allocation of reserved seats and delimitation of wards. 19. Disqualifications for membership. 20. Oath of office. 21. Appointment of administrator. 22. Duration of municipalities, etc. 23. Every Council to have Chairperson and a Vice-Chairperson. 24. Election of Chairperson. 25. Election of Vice-Chairperson. 26. Chairperson and Vice-Chairperson cease to hold office as such. 27. Filling up of vacancies and term of office of persons filling up the vacancy. 1 SECTIONS 28. Resignation by Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson and Councillor. 29. Removal of Councillors. 30. Effect of removal of a Councillor. 31. No-confidence motion against Chairperson or Vice-Chairperson. 32. Grant of leave of absence to Chairperson or Vice-Chairperson. 33. Powers and functions of the Chairperson. 34. Function of Vice-Chairperson. 35. Remuneration of Chairperson and Vice-Chairperson.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on Effectiveness of Panchayati Raj Institutions in Health Care System in the State of Kerala
    A Study on Effectiveness of Panchayati Raj Institutions in Health Care System in the State of Kerala Dr. Jacob John Kerala Development Society (KDS-Delhi) 811-A, Jaina Tower I, District Centre, Janakpuri, New Delhi -110058 Ph :+91-11-41815051/+91-11-9811204487 Email : [email protected], [email protected] Website : www.kdsonline.org, www.nrlg.org Sponsored by Planning Commission Government of India November 2012 Preface The imperative role of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in the context of dual responsibilities and controls in public health care system has made a positive impact on rural health scenario of Kerala. The present study has brought out successful experiences of PRIs in Kerala for the consideration of other Indian states in the formulation of action plan for strengthening public health delivery system. For instance, Hospital Management Committee (HMC) under the leadership of the elected head of the concerned local government plays a vital role in the management of a public health institution in Kerala. While the chairperson of HMC is elected head of the local government, Medical Officer of the respective Public Health Institution is its convener. HMC is a democratically constituted body that provides a platform for elected representatives and officials of PRIs/ Municipalities and health officials to work jointly for the efficient functioning of PHIs. This experience can be shared with some of the Indian States where Rogi Kalyan Samities are not functioning as democratically run system. Similarly, there is a good scope for mobilizing local resources for the implementation of public health projects under the initiatives of Panchayati Raj Institutions in Indian States.
    [Show full text]
  • Panchayati Raj in India. the Evolution Between 1947 and 1992
    RUPRECHT-KARLS-UNIVERSITÄT HEIDELBERG FAKULTÄT FÜR WIRTSCHAFTS-UND SOZIALWISSENSCHAFTEN Panchayati Raj in India The Evolution between 1947 and 1992 Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Dr. rer. pol. an der Fakultät für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg vorgelegt von: Kai Fabian Fürstenberg Februar 2015 Erstgutachter: Professor Subrata K. Mitra, PhD (Rochester) Zweitgutachter: Professor Dr. Dietmar Rothermund Content List of Figures and Tables iv 1. Introduction 1 1.1 State of Research 10 1.2. Why Evolutionary Institutionalism? 13 2. Theory 16 2.1. Rational Choice Institutionalism 17 2.1.1. The Role of the Equilibrium 19 2.1.2. Structured and Unstructured Institutions 21 2.2. Historical Institutionalism 23 2.2.1. Path Dependence and Critical Junctures 25 2.2.2. Critique on Path Dependency 29 2.3. Sociological Institutionalism 30 2.3.1. Isomorphism 31 2.3.2. Change and Legitimacy 34 2.4. Three Institutionalisms – A Critique 35 2.4.1. Oversimplifying Reality: Rational Choice Institutionalism 35 2.4.2. No Change from Within: Historical Institutionalism 36 2.4.3. What are Institutions Exactly? Sociological Institutionalism 38 2.5. Evolution and the Origins of Universal Darwinism 40 2.5.1. Evolutionary Thought: An Overview 41 2.5.2. What is Darwinian Evolution? 44 2.5.3. A Short History of Evolutionary Theory in the Social Sciences 47 2.5.4. Sociobiology and Meme-Theory 48 2.5.4.1. Sociobiology 49 2.5.4.2. Meme-Theory 54 i 2.6. Evolutionary Institutionalism 58 2.6.1. Change: The Analogy between Genes and Institutions 59 2.6.2.
    [Show full text]