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479 Index Please note that page references to photographs or maps will be followed by the letter ‘f’. Names of Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese individuals begin with the surname. But in Vietnam, individuals are usually known by last name: thus Ngo Dinh Diem is referred to as Diem, though there are some exceptions, such as Ho Chi Minh, who is best known by his surname. a Age of the Kings and Emperors (seventh to Abbasid Caliphate 146, 160 twelfth centuries) 89–91 Abdali, Ahmed Shah 316 Age of the Shoguns (twelfth to sixteenth Abe Shinzo 285,471 centuries) 88, 91–95 absolutism 250, 413 agricultural cooperatives, PRC 241 absolute power 40, 42, 44, 75, 80, 238, 382 ahimsa (non‐violence) 112 absolutist monarchy 190, 215, 217, 343, Akbar, Jalaluddin Muhammad 149–152, 377, 435 155, 186 anti‐absolutism 190 al Qaeda 362, 366, 375, 394, 449, Acheson, Dean 308 451, 479 Adulyadej, King Bhumibol 411, 412, 414 see also Afghanistan; bin Laden, Afghanistan 17, 448–451, 474 Osama; Taliban from 1850 to 2019 448–449 Alexander the Great 104, 111 Indianization (185 bce –1200 ce) 133, 135 Alkatiri, Mari 431 invasions of India (1748–1767) 316 All Ceylon Tamil Congress (ACTC) 341, 379 National Assembly 450 All India Muslim League (IML) 316, 324–326 post‐9/11 451 Allan, Horace 299 post‐monarchy (1973–2019) 450–451 All‐Pakistan Awami League see Awami League Soviet Union invasion (1979) 353, (AL), Pakistan 361–362, 366 Alternate Residence System, Japan 94 Taliban 362, 449, 450–451,COPYRIGHTED 480 American MATERIAL Occupation Authority 284, 285, 286, terrorist activities and wars 471, 480 287, 293 women, role of 451 Amritsar (Jalianwala Bagh) Massacre see also al Qaeda; Gulf War (1991); Pashtuns (1919) 331, 334 (Afghans); Taliban Amur River, Russian Far East 454, 460 Afghanistan Infrastructure and Rehabilitation An Duong, King 180 Program 451 An Lushan (703–757) 49, 58 Age of Reason 189–190 An/Ahn Jung‐geun 304 Asia Past and Present: A Brief History, First Edition. Peter P. Wan and Thomas D. Reins. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2021 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. bindex.indd 479 01/23/2021 15:34:04 480 Index ancient China (1500th century–221 bce) 20, asceticism, Jainism 107, 109, 125, 152 22, 25–36 Ashikaga Shogunate (1336–1573) 88 Golden Age of Classical Chinese Ashikaga Takauji (1305–1358) 92 Philosophy 32–35, 49 Ashoka the Great (r. 273–232 bce) 110, 112, “Hundred Flowers” period 225 113, 129 Iron Age 31–32 Indianization of South, Central, Southeast and oldest continuing civilization 25 East Asia 132, 133, 135, 139 relocation of capitals 31 Asia Son of Heaven 26, 29, 30, 32 assessing 481 ancient India (1200 bce –185 defining 13, 14f bce) 20–22, 103–115 Eurasian steppe 9, 11, 18, 447 Aryan conquest (1500 bce) 103–104, 110 “little dragons”/“little tigers” 285, 328, 345, Buddhism 104, 108–110 354, 369, 387, 397, 399, 405, 472 Jainism 107–108 “Four Little Tigers” 289, 312 literacy, advent of 103–104 ongoing influence of India and China Mauryan Empire (321–185 bce) 104, 108, in 22–23 110, 112–114, 115f territorial frontiers 13 Nanda Empire (424–321 ce) 111, 112 twenty‐first century 14f, 469–482 religion 106–110 see also Central Asia; East Asia; South Asia; republics and monarchies (600–321 Southeast Asia; individual countries bce) 110–111 Asian Financial Crisis (“Asian Contagion”), Vedic period 103, 104–106, 110 1997 291, 394, 395 see also India insular Southeast Asia 417, 424, 427, ancient Japan (pre‐seventh century) 87–89 431, 443 ancient Korea (to 1897) 95–97 mainland Southeast Asia 400, 412 Angkor Wat temple, Cambodia 132, 173 Asia‐Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum 433 Anglo‐Afghan Treaty (1921) 449 Association of Southeast Asian Nations Anglo‐Afghan wars 448, 449 (ASEAN) 398, 432, 433 Anglo‐French War see Second Opium War atman (individual) 106, 128 (1856–1860) atomic weapons attacks on Hiroshima and Anglo‐Martha Wars 317 Nagasaki (1945) 274, 278, 280 Anglo‐Tibetan Convention (Treaty of Lhasa), Attlee, Clement 331, 340, 347 1904 343 Au Lac Dynasty (257–207 bce) 180 anticolonial movements 194–195 Aung San 387, 388 Anti‐Fascist People’s Freedom League Aung San Suu Kyi 388, 389–390 (AFPFL) 388 Aurangzeb, Mughal Emperor (1618–1707, Anti‐Rightist Campaign (1957) 240 r. 1658–1707) 147, 151, 155, 316 Aquino, Benigno “Noynoy” III 444 Awami League (AL), Pakistan 371, 372, Aquino, Benigno S. 418, 437, 441 374, 375 Aquino, Corazon (Cory) 418, 437, 443 Ayutthaya Kingdom (1351–1767) 175 Aranyakas (forest books) 107, 125 Azad, Abul Kalam 364 Arendt, Hannah 193 Arsaced Dynasty 119 b Artha (material gain) 127, 128 Babri Mosque, Ayodhya 357 Arthashastra (political tract) 112 Babur (king of Kabul) 149 artifacts 21, 26, 27, 56, 173 Bacon, Frances 188 Aryan conquest of India (1500 Bactrians, invasion of India by 119 bce) 103–104, 110 Badawi, Abdullah Ahmad 395 bindex.indd 480 01/23/2021 15:34:04 Index 481 Baekje Kingdom, Korea (318 bce –660 Pala Dynasty (7501–120) 122–123 ce) 96, 97 partition (1905), reversed (1911) 316, Bahadur Shah II 321 325–327, 364 Bai Juyi (772–846) 56 and Punjab 117 bakufu (tent government), Japan 91–93 West Bengal 326, 354, 371 Balban (Turko‐Afghan tribal leader) 147 see also ancient India (1200 bce –185 bce); Balfour, Arthur 326 India; Punjab ballistic missiles 313 Bengalis 364, 371, 372 Bandaranaike, S.W.R.D. 379 Betatar, Awang Alak 433 bangabandhu 372 Beveridge Report (1942) 345 Bangladesh, People’s Republic 370–375, 472 Bhagavad Gita 117, 126 Five‐Year Plans 374 Bhakti movement, Hinduism 126–127 formerly East Pakistan 346, 352, 354, 358, Bhandari, Bidhya Devi 378 364, 371, 372, 374 Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), India 346, 352, independence, political developments and 354, 355, 357 economic plans (1971–2018) 372, Bhonsle, Shivaji 155 373f, 374–375 Bhutan 342, 343, 344, 376, 377 map 373f Bhutto, Ali 372 multiyear plans 374 Bhutto, Benazir 367 as part of Bengal 370 Bi Sheng (?–1051) 67 and partition of India (1947) 370–371 bin Laden, Osama 358, 362, 369, 375, 451, 470 Peasants, Workers’ and People’s League Bismarck, Otto von 349, 424 372 Bodhidharma (Indian monk) 121, 132, 139, 141 Planning Commission 374 bodhisattvas 110 political and economic Bofors scandal (1987), India 354 developments 371–372 Bogdo Khan 456 “Talibanization” 375 Bohlen‐Serrano Agreement (1959) 440 see also Bengal; Pakistan Boke, Ariq 160 Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) 374, 375 Bolkiah, Jefri 436 Bannerjee, Womesh Chandra 322 Bolshevik Revolution (1917) see Russian Bao Dai, Vietnamese Emperor 402 Revolution (1917) “Baojia System” 76 border disputes 295–296, 342, 376, 414,427,428 barbarians 9, 10, 18, 83, 119, 121 Borjigin (Clan of the Grey Wolf) 160 ancient China (1500th century–221 Bose, Subhash Chandra 339, 347, 380 bce) 26, 27 Bose, Vinoba 348 “barbarian affairs” 212 Boun Oum, Laotian prince 408 invasions 186–188 Boxer Rebellion (China), 1899–1901 204, 460 traditional Chinese civilization 59, 66 and foreign intervention (1900) 216–217 Bataan Death March (1942) 280, 307 Brahmanas 107 Beg, Yakub 452 Brahmanism, Vedic period 104, 105–106, 109, “Beijing Ape Man” 27 110, 125, 128, 320 Bell Trade Act/Philippine Trade Act (1946) Braun, Otto (1900–1974) 462, 463 438 Brezhnev Doctrine 450 Belo, Bishop Carlos 430 Britain Bengal 117, 146, 194, 338 in Afghanistan 449 Commission 347 Anglo‐Afghan Treaty (1921) 449 East Bengal 155, 326, 358, 361, 370, 371, 475 Anglo‐Afghan wars 448, 449 see also Bangladesh, People’s Republic Anglo‐Burmese Wars 317 bindex.indd 481 01/23/2021 15:34:04 482 Index Britain (cont’d) monasteries 57 Anglo‐Chinese Treaty of Nanjing Nandala (center of learning) 122–123 (1842) 204, 206 origins 104 Anglo‐French War see Second Opium War Pali language 133, 137 (1856–1860) Sinhalese 133, 362, 378 Anglo‐Indian cultural exchanges 318 statues 56, 135, 140, 451 Anglo‐Japanese Alliance (1902) 259, 460 Theravada 110, 174, 175 Anglo‐Martha Wars 317 Tibetan 160, 455 Anglo‐Mysore Wars 317 Vietnam 404 Anglo‐Tibetan Convention (Treaty of Lhasa), Zen sect 90, 92, 121, 132, 139, 141 1904 343 see also Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) and Bhutan 377 bumiputera (sons of the soil) 390, 393, 394 Burmese independence 387 Burma/Myanmar 175, 471, 474 capitalist‐democratic model of England 203 Anglo‐Burmese Wars 317 and Central Asia 452 Anti‐Fascist People’s Freedom League and Cold War (1952–1989) 391 (AFPFL) 388 Colebrooke‐Cameron Commission Burmese Socialist Programme Party (1829) 341 (BSPP) 389 Communist Party 463 Code of Manu 175 competitors, in the nineteenth and Cold War (1952–1989) 388 century 192–193 colonial Burma and Republic of the Union of Doctrine of Lapse 321, 322 Myanmar 388–390 First Anglo‐Burmese War (1824–1826) 172 Constituent Assembly 388 and Hong Kong 399 8888 (People Power) Uprisings 389 independence of Ceylon from (1972) 378 independence from Britain 387 India Act of 1784 317 Mon kingdoms 175 Labour Party (British) 345 National League for Democracy (NLD) 389 Regulating Act of 1773 317 Pyidawtha Plan 388 response to Indian nationalism 326–327 Pyu, State of 172, 175 Salt Laws 336 State Law and Order Restoration Council and Singapore 396 (SLORC) 389 British East India Company 190, 205, State Peace and Development Council 377, 378 (SPDC) 389 British conquest under 317–319 Bush, George H. W. 430 first official government in India (1772) 317 Bush, George W. 346 Bronze Age 26 28–31 Brunei, Sultanate 428, 434–436, 435f, 471 c Buddhism 10, 139, 146 Cai Lun (61–121) 67 Bhutan 377 Cam Ranh Bay port, Vietnam 464 bodhisattvas 110 Cambodia/Kampuchea 405–407, 471 Chan see Zen sect below from 1100–1850 173–174 China 26, 44, 56–57, 140 Anglo‐Afghan wars 132, 173
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