Putin's Frozen Conflicts and the Conflict in Ukraine
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News Digest on Georgia
NEWS DIGEST ON GEORGIA September 9-11 Compiled by: Aleksandre Davitashvili Date: September 12, 2019 Occupied Regions Tskhinvali Region (so called South Ossetia) 1. Georgian FM, OSCE chair discuss situation along occupation line The Chair of the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), Slovak Foreign Minister Miroslav Lajčák, met with the Georgian Foreign Minister David Zalkaliani earlier today. Particular attention was paid to the recent developments in two Russian occupied regions of Georgia: Abkhazia and Tskhinvali (South Ossetia) (Agenda.ge, September 10, 2019). 2. Gov‟t says occupying forces continue illegal works on Tbilisi-administered territory The Georgian State Security (SSS) says that the occupying forces are carrying out illegal works at two locations within Tbilisi-administered territory, near the village of Chorchana, in the Khashuri municipality. The agency reports that the European Union Monitoring mission (EUMM) and participants of the Geneva International Discussions will cooperate to address the problem (Agenda.ge, September 11, 2019). Foreign Affairs 3. Georgian clerics in David Gareji report construction of „two huge barracks‟ by Azerbaijan Georgian clerics in the 6th Century David Gareji monastery complex, which lies on the conditional border with Azerbaijan, have reported the construction of „two huge barracks by Azerbaijan right near the monastery complex.‟ “It is a sign that Azerbaijan has no plans to leave the territory of the monastery complex,” Archimandrite Kirion told local media. He stated that the number of Azerbaijani border guards has been increased to 70-80 since the beginning of the year and when the barracks are completed the number “is likely to reach 300.” Kirion says that Azerbaijan has provided electricity “from an 18 kilometer distance [for the barracks], and made an inscription on the rock of the Udabno Monastery that „death for the homeland is a big honor.” (Agenda.ge, September 9, 2019). -
Assemblée Générale Distr
Nations Unies A/HRC/13/21/Add.3 Assemblée générale Distr. générale 14 janvier 2010 Français Original: anglais Conseil des droits de l’homme Treizième session Point 3 de l’ordre du jour Promotion et protection de tous les droits de l’homme, civils, politiques, économiques, sociaux et culturels, y compris le droit au développement Rapport soumis par le Représentant du Secrétaire général pour les droits de l’homme des personnes déplacées dans leur propre pays, Walter Kälin* Additif Suite donnée au rapport sur la mission en Géorgie (A/HRC/10/13/Add.2)** * Soumission tardive. ** Le résumé du présent rapport est distribué dans toutes les langues officielles. Le rapport, qui est joint en annexe au résumé, n’est distribué que dans la langue originale. GE.10-10252 (F) 250110 260110 A/HRC/13/21/Add.3 Résumé Le Représentant du Secrétaire général pour les droits de l’homme des personnes déplacées dans leur propre pays s’est rendu, les 5 et 6 novembre 2009, dans la région de Tskhinvali (Ossétie du Sud) afin de donner suite à la mission qu’il avait effectuée en Géorgie en octobre 2008. Il a pu avoir accès à toutes les zones qu’il avait demandé à voir, y compris à la région de Tskhinvali et aux districts d’Akhalgori et de Znauri, et il a tenu des consultations franches et ouvertes avec les autorités de facto d’Ossétie du Sud. En raison du conflit d’août 2008, 19 381 personnes ont été déplacées au-delà de la frontière de facto, tandis que, selon les estimations, entre 10 000 et 15 000 personnes ont été déplacées à l’intérieur de la région de Tskhinvali (Ossétie du Sud). -
South Ossetia-Georgia Mission Notes
Peacekeeping_4_v2final.qxd 1/28/08 10:07 AM Page 131 4.19 South Ossetia–Georgia While Georgia’s establishment of a parallel administration in South Ossetia at the CIS–South Ossetia Joint Peacekeeping Forces (JPKF) end of 2006 was designed to change the status quo and reduce support for the Tskhinvali ad- • Authorization Date 24 June 1992 ministration, negotiations remained frozen • Start Date July 1992 during 2007 and a missile incident in August • Head of Mission Major-General Marat Kulakhmetov kept tensions high. Continued statements link- (Russia) ing the outcome of the Kosovo status talks • Strength as of Troops: 1,500 with South Ossetia’s future contributed to un- 30 September 2007 ease in Tbilisi, while the lack of productive high-level talks by the Joint Control Commis- sion (JCC) left negotiations at a stalemate. Violent conflict erupted in Georgia’s OSCE Mission to Georgia South Ossetia region in January 1991 after the Georgian government denied a request by Ossetian officials for autonomous status within • Authorization Date 6 November 1992 Georgia. The war continued until June 1992, • Start Date December 1992 leaving some 1,000 dead, 100 missing, more • Head of Mission Ambassador Terhi Hakala (Finland) than 65,000 internally displaced, and the • Budget $14 million (October 2006–September 2007) South Ossetian administrative center, Tskhin- • Strength as of Civilian Staff: 29 vali, destroyed. The 1992 “Agreement on the 30 September 2007 Principles of Settlement of the Georgian- Ossetian Conflict Between Georgia and Rus- sia” (also known as the Sochi Accords) estab- lished both a cease-fire and the Joint Control Commission. -
Trafficking in Transnistria: the Role of Russia
Trafficking in Transnistria: The Role of Russia by Kent Harrel SIS Honors Capstone Supervised by Professors Linda Lubrano and Elizabeth Anderson Submitted to the School of International Service American University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with General University Honors Bachelor of Arts Degree May 2009 Abstract After declaring de facto independence from the Republic of Moldova in 1992, the breakaway region of Transnistria became increasingly isolated, and has emerged as a hotspot for weapons and human trafficking. Working from a Realist paradigm, this project assesses the extent to which the Russian government and military abet trafficking in Transnistria, and the way in which Russia uses trafficking as a means to adversely affect Moldova’s designs of broader integration within European spheres. This project proves necessary because the existing scholarship on the topic of Transnistrian trafficking failed to focus on the role of the Russian government and military, and in turn did not account for the ways in which trafficking hinders Moldova’s national interests. The research project utilizes sources such as trafficking policy centers, first-hand accounts, trade agreements, non-governmental organizations, and government documents. A review of the literature employs the use of secondary sources such as scholarly and newspaper articles. In short, this project develops a more comprehensive understanding of Russia’s role in Moldovan affairs and attempts to add a significant work to the existing literature. -
Exploring the Link Between Power Concentration and Ethnic Minorities’ Mobilization in Post Soviet Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine
Exploring the Link between Power Concentration and Ethnic Minorities’ Mobilization in Post Soviet Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine by Stela Garaz Department of Political Science, Central European University A Doctoral Dissertation submitted to the Central European University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Date of submission: April 30, 2012 Supervisor: Dr. Zsolt Enyedi Budapest, Hungary 2012 I hereby declare that this thesis contains no materials accepted for any other degrees in any other institutions. I hereby declare that this thesis contains no materials previously written and/or published by any other person, except where appropriate acknowledgment is made in the form of bibliographical reference. Stela Garaz Budapest April 30, 2012. ii Abstract In political science literature, power concentration is dominantly viewed as a negative phenomenon that encourages strategies of confrontation and causes protest. The regimes with concentrated power are believed to be particularly dangerous for the states with deep ethnic cleavages. This latter concern is a question of great importance for the post-Soviet region, because since the collapse of the Soviet Union some of the multi-ethnic post-Soviet states had the experience of both ethnic conflicts and concentration of power. Consequently, the main goal of this research is to determine whether power concentration encourages the escalation of ethnic conflicts. For this, I explore three mechanisms that may link the degree of power concentration with ethnic minorities’ mobilization against the state: identity-related state policies, electoral rules, and centralization. The empirical investigation is built on the analysis of three post-Soviet cases – Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine – based on the structured focused comparison technique. -
Analyzing the Russian Way of War Evidence from the 2008 Conflict with Georgia
Analyzing the Russian Way of War Evidence from the 2008 Conflict with Georgia Lionel Beehner A Contemporary Battlefield Assessment Liam Collins by the Modern War Institute Steve Ferenzi Robert Person Aaron Brantly March 20, 2018 Analyzing the Russian Way of War: Evidence from the 2008 Conflict with Georgia Contents Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................................ 1 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 9 Chapter I – History of Bad Blood ................................................................................................................ 13 Rose-Colored Glasses .............................................................................................................................. 16 Chapter II – Russian Grand Strategy in Context of the 2008 Russia-Georgia War ................................... 21 Russia’s Ends ........................................................................................................................................... 22 Russia’s Means ........................................................................................................................................ 23 Russia’s Ways ......................................................................................................................................... -
Akhalgori Deadlock
Contributor to the publication: Giorgi Kanashvili Responsible for the publication: Ucha Nanuashvili English text editor: Vikram Kona Copyrights: Democracy Research Institute (DRI) This report is developed by the Democracy Research Institute (DRI), within the project Supporting Human Rights Protection at Front Line, with the financial support of the European Endowment for Democracy (EED). The project aims at protecting human rights in conflict- affected territories which, among others, implies monitoring of the situation in terms of human rights protection to fill information lacunae. The views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the position of the EED. Tbilisi 2021 02 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 4 THE CONTEXT: GEORGIAN-OSSETIAN RELATIONS SINCE 2008 ....................................... 4 THE SITUATION OF THE POPULATION OF AKHALGORI BEFORE THE CHORCHANA- TSNELISI CRISIS ............................................................................................................................... 6 THE CHORCHANA-TSNELISI CRISIS AND CREEPING ETHNIC CLEANSING IN AKHALGORI ........................................................................................................................................ 8 THE FUTURE OF THE POPULATION OF AKHALGORI AND THE POLICY TO BE PURSUED BY GEORGIAN AUTHORITIES ................................................................................ 10 03 INTRODUCTION -
The OSCE Mission to Georgia and the Georgian- Ossetian Conflict: an Overview of Activities
The OSCE Mission to Georgia and the Georgian- Ossetian conflict: An overview of activities Roy Reeve1 Introduction The background to the establishment of the OSCE Mission in Georgia was the emerging internal armed conflicts following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Military hostilities followed between Georgia and its former Autonomous Oblast of South Ossetia, which in 1990 had declared itself independent. After the Sochi Ceasefire Agreement of 24 June 1992, Georgia applied to the CSCE Headquarters in Vienna with a request for mediation assistance in the search for a settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict. Following a decision by the Committee of Senior Officials (later renamed the Permanent Council), the Mission started its activities on the ground in December 1992. Its mandate has been significantly expanded since then, covering activities in all three OSCE dimensions, but conflict resolution still lies at the heart of its tasks. The general objective of the Mission’s initial mandate was: (1) to initiate a presence in the region; (2) to liaise with local military commanders of the Joint Peacekeeping Forces (JPKF); (3) to gather information on the military situation, and (4) to promote negotiations between the conflicting parties aimed at reaching a peaceful political settlement. In 1994, the mandate was expanded to facilitate cooperation with and among the parties concerned and, with their consent, to monitor the activities of CSCE/OSCE principles. To implement these tasks effectively, a Mission Field Office was established in Tskhinvali. This is currently manned by 6 Mission members — one Political Officer and 5 Military Officers. In order best to describe how the Mission has, through its evolving activities, attempted to meet the terms of its mandate, what follows is a brief chronology of the developments in the conflict resolution process. -
Annex E.5.2 Public Page Lof9 ICC-01/15-4-Anxe.5.2 13-10-2015 2/10 EK PT Special Press Release of Human Rights Centre "Memorial" and Demos Centre
ICC-01/15-4-AnxE.5.2 13-10-2015 1/10 EK PT Annex E.5.2 Public Page lof9 ICC-01/15-4-AnxE.5.2 13-10-2015 2/10 EK PT Special Press Release of Human Rights Centre "Memorial" and Demos Centre Humanitarian consequences of the armed conflict in the South Caucasus. The "buffer zone" after the withdrawal of the Russian troops. Over the period from October 12 till October 23, 2008 representatives of the HRC "Memorial" and the Demos Centre were on a fact-finding mission in Georgia. The goal of the mission was examination and analysis of the humanitarian consequences of the August armed hostilities. The focus of our attention was on the current situation in the former "buffer zone" immediately after the withdrawal of the Russian troops. In the course of their fact-finding mission representatives of the human rights organizations visited the cities of Tbilisi and Gori, 17 villages of the Gori district (Karalet'i, Tqviavi, Ergnet'i, Qits'nisi, Karbi, Meret'i, Koshki, Arb 0, Ditsi, Tirdznisi, Megvrekisi, P'khvenisi, Variani, Shindisi, Qvemo Niqozi, Zemo Niqozi, Zemo Khvit'i), two villages situated in the Kareli district (Goget'I, P'tsa) as well as the Akhalgori (Leningori) district currently under the control of the South Ossetian authorities. The members of the mission especially focused on the issue of current security for the civilian population of the most afflicted regions. The residents of the settlements on the territories of the former "buffer zone", which were exposed to shelling and bombing as well as plundering and arson attacks on private households, were interrogated. -
Flags of Asia
Flags of Asia Item Type Book Authors McGiverin, Rolland Publisher Indiana State University Download date 27/09/2021 04:44:49 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10484/12198 FLAGS OF ASIA A Bibliography MAY 2, 2017 ROLLAND MCGIVERIN Indiana State University 1 Territory ............................................................... 10 Contents Ethnic ................................................................... 11 Afghanistan ............................................................ 1 Brunei .................................................................. 11 Country .................................................................. 1 Country ................................................................ 11 Ethnic ..................................................................... 2 Cambodia ............................................................. 12 Political .................................................................. 3 Country ................................................................ 12 Armenia .................................................................. 3 Ethnic ................................................................... 13 Country .................................................................. 3 Government ......................................................... 13 Ethnic ..................................................................... 5 China .................................................................... 13 Region .................................................................. -
Progress Report for 2009
Contract number: 2009/219-955 Project Title: Building confidence between Chisinau and Tiraspol Report starting date: 01 January 2010 Report end date: 31 December 2011 Implementing agency: UNDP Moldova Country: Republic of Moldova Support to Confidence Building Measures II – Final Report 2010-2011 – submitted by UNDP Moldova 1 Table of Contents I. SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................................. 3 II. CONTEXT ................................................................................................................................................................. 4 III. PROJECT BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................................. 5 1. BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................................................................................ 5 2. COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................................................................................ 6 3. CIVIL SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT ...................................................................................................................................... 7 4. SUPPORT TO CREATION OF DNIESTER EUROREGION AND RESTORATION OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC. ........................................... 7 IV. SUMMARY OF IMPLEMENTATION PROGRESS ......................................................................................... -
Research Paper Research Division – NATO Defense College, Rome – No
Research Paper Research Division – NATO Defense College, Rome – No. 122 – December 2015 The Transnistrian Conflict in the Context of the Ukrainian Crisis by Inessa Baban1 Until recently, relatively little was known about the Transnistrian conflict that has been undermining the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the Republic of Moldova since the collapse of the Soviet Union. The The Research Division (RD) of the NATO De- fense College provides NATO’s senior leaders with waves of enlargement towards the East of NATO and the European sound and timely analyses and recommendations on current issues of particular concern for the Al- Union drew attention to Transnistria, which has been seen as one of the liance. Papers produced by the Research Division convey NATO’s positions to the wider audience “frozen conflict zones” in the post-Soviet area alongside Abkhazia, South of the international strategic community and con- tribute to strengthening the Transatlantic Link. Ossetia and Nagorno-Karabakh. However, the Transnistrian issue has The RD’s civil and military researchers come from not been perceived as a serious threat to Euro-Atlantic security because a variety of disciplines and interests covering a broad spectrum of security-related issues. They no outbreaks of large-scale hostilities or human casualties have been conduct research on topics which are of interest to the political and military decision-making bodies reported in the region since the 1990s. Beyond a few small incidents in of the Alliance and its member states. the demilitarized zone, the 1992 ceasefire has been respected for more The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the than two decades.